beyond ipcc scenarios:synergies between climate adaptation and mitigation at management- and policy...
DESCRIPTION
This presentation by Shahid Naeem from Columbia University focuses on the three central biodiversity issues: 1. Ecosystem services and biodiversity 2. Functional biodiversity and climate change 3. Bio-ecological adaptationTRANSCRIPT
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Beyond IPCC Scenarios:Synergies Between Climate Adaptation and Mitigation
at Management- and Policy- Relevant Scales.
Biodiversity
Global Landscapes Forum | Warsaw 2013
Shahid Naeem
Columbia University in the City of New York
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Three Central Biodiversity Issues
1. Ecosystem services and biodiversity
2. Functional biodiversity and climate change
3. Bio-ecological adaptation
(in 12 minutes)
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Why Does Biodiversity Matter?
The Millennium AssessmentPerspective
Biodiversity →Ecosystem Function →
Ecosystem Service →Human Well-being
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Over 20 years of research.
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Lin, B. B., D. Flynn, D. Bunker, M. Uriarte, &S. Naeem 2011 J. Applied Ecology
1 of 5: Native vegetation has greater capacity to provide ecosystem services under changing environmental conditions..
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Meha J., C. M. Prager, D. F.B. Flynn, G. M. Hart, C. M. DeVan, M. I. Palmer, F. S. Ahrestani, D. E. Bunker, & S. Naeem. (In Press 2014) Evolutionary Ecology
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2 of 5: Rare species can substitute for common species: Biological insurance.
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Bunker, D. E., F. DeClerck, J. C. Bradford, R. K. Colwell, I. Perfecto, O. L. Phillips, M. Sankaran, and S. Naeem. 2005. Species Loss and Aboveground Carbon Storage in a Tropical Forest. Science 310:1029-1031.
3 of 5: Biodiverse systems, on average, store more carbon and do so more reliably.
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4 of 5: Biodiversity is multidimensional.
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Zavaleta et al. PNAS 2009
5 of 5: More functions and services need more species.
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If you keep loosing spices, eventually curry is just salt
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If you keep loosing parts, eventually all you have is junk
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If you keep loosing species, eventually ecosystems collapse
http://blog.ecoagriculture.org/2012/10/03/broa/
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If you keep losing biodiversity, eventually ecosystems (farms, forests, grasslands,
rangelands, gardens,…) collapse
• become less efficient,
• exhibit lower levels of functioning,
• deliver fewer services,
• become less reliable (more unpredictable, more variable),
• less resilient,
• and eventually the pillars of human well-being decline
• with the poor and vulnerable being the first to experience the adverse consequences biotic impoverishment.
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UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network, Thematic Group 8
Forests, Oceans, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Serviceshttp://unsdsn.org/thematicgroups/tg8/
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Synergies Between Climate Change and Biodiversity at the Landscape Level
• The Message: Diverse systems are more efficient and resilient
– 20 years of research
– scientific consensus
– not a hypothesis; a guiding principle
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Synergies Between Climate Change and Biodiversity at the Landscape Level
• Biodiversity" is not about species richness
• nor is it just about conservation biology
• clarify what biodiversity is
• focus on functional, genetic, and landscape diversity
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Synergies Between Climate Change and Biodiversity at the Landscape Level
• The Convention on Biological Diversity and the UNFCCC create confusion. Countries sign on to international agreements that lack integration and miss opportunities for synergy
–Generate a set of coherent guidelines
– the CBD, IPCC, REDD+, SDSN, CDM, and SDGs create a complex landscape that is difficult to navigate – let’s provide a roadmap.