BEST PHASE SELECTORReport Submitted in Partial Fulfillment ofThe Requirement for the Degree ofBACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGYInELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERINGByEklavya Vats (07720804910)Aditya Gupta (09320804910)Kaushal Agrawal (09920804910)Vivek Badola (10820804910)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERINGBHAGWAN PARSHURAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYROHINI, DELHI

DECLARATIONThis is to certify that the Report entitled BEST PHASE SELECTOR which is submitted by us in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree Bachelor of Technology in Electrical and Electronics Engineering to BPIT, GGSIP University, Dwarka, Delhi comprises only our original work and due acknowledgement has been made in the text to all other material used.

Date: Name of Student (Enrolment no.) Eklavya Vats (07720804910)Aditya Gupta (09320804910) Kaushal Agrawal (09920804910)Vivek Badola (10820804910)

CERTIFICATEThis is to certify that Project report entitled BEST PHASE SELECTOR which is submitted by Eklavya Vats (07720804910), Aditya Gupta (09320804910), Kaushal Agrawal (09920804910), Vivek Badola (10820804910) is a bonafied work and has been carried out in Department of Electrical and Electronics, Bhagwan Parshuram Institute of Technology, GGSIPU under our supervision and guidance.

Mrs. Simmi SharmaAssistant ProfessorElectrical and ElectronicsBpit, Rohini, DelhiProf. S.R. GuptaHead of DepartmentElectrical and ElectronicsBpit, Rohini, Delhi

ACKOWLEDGEMENT We have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible without the kind support and help of many individuals and organizations. We would like to extend our sincere thanks to all of them.We are highly indebted to Mrs. Simmi Sharma for her guidance and constant supervision as well as for providing necessary information regarding the project & also for her support in completing the project.Our thanks and appreciations also go to people who have willingly helped us out with their abilities.

CONTENTS1. Introduction1-21.1 Importance of Electrical Energy11.2 Objective of the Project11.3 Need for Automation11.4 High frequency switching technology22

2. Basic Components Used3-101 2 2.1 Resistance32.1.1 Resistance Function in 3 Phase Selector42.2 Capacitor42.2.1 Types Of Capacitor52.3 Diodes62.3.1 Diode Working72.4 PCB Plate82.5 Crystal Oscillator92.5.1 Crystal Oscillator Operation10

3. Relay11-133.1. What are Relays?113.2. Why is Relay Used?123.3. Relay Working133.4. Relay Selection13

4. PIC Microcontroller14-194.1. Introduction144.2. Architecture of PIC184.3. Special Features18

5. IC 7805 and LCD20-255.1. IC 7805205.2. LCD215.3. Pins of LCD235.4. Busy Flag235.5. Instruction Register and Data Register235.6. Commands and Instruction Set235.7. LCD Commands245.8. Interfacing PIC with LCD24

6. Circuit Design26-296.1. Working Principle266.2. Circuit Working27

7. References

LIST OF FIGURES

Fig 1.1Best Phase Selector2Fig 2.1Resistor3Fig 2.2Resistance Symbol4Fig 2.3Capacitor5Fig 2.4Capacitor Symbol6Fig 2.5Diode Symbol6Fig 2.6Characteristics of Diode 6Fig 2.7V I Characteristic7Fig 2.8Circuit Components8Fig 2.9PCB Plate8Fig 2.10Crystal Oscillator9Fig 3.1Electromagnetic Relay11Fig 3.2Relay Design12Fig 3.3Circuit Components13Fig 4.1PIC 16F877A Pin Diagram15Fig 4.2Block Diagram PIC 16F877A19Fig 5.1IC 780520Fig 5.2LCD21Fig 5.3Layers of LCD22Fig 5.4LCD Pin Diagram22Fig 5.5LCD Interfacing24Fig 5.6LCD and PIC 16F87725Fig 6.1Selector Circuit Diagram28Fig 6.2PIC Microcontroller 16F877A29

LIST OF TABLESTable 2.4Types of Capacitor 5Table 4.1PIC Pin Description16Table 4.2PIC Pin Description17Table 5.1IC 7805 Pin Description21Table 5.2LCD Pin Description23vii