best known group of african hominid species two groups australopithecus (gracile forms) paranthropus...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Best known group of African hominid species Two groups Australopithecus (gracile forms) Paranthropus (robust forms) Lived from 4.2- 1 mya 1. They are](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070307/551a24cb550346545e8b45f2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Australopiths and Pre-Australopiths
![Page 2: Best known group of African hominid species Two groups Australopithecus (gracile forms) Paranthropus (robust forms) Lived from 4.2- 1 mya 1. They are](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070307/551a24cb550346545e8b45f2/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Australopiths
Best known group of African hominid species
Two groups Australopithecus (gracile forms) Paranthropus (robust forms)
Lived from 4.2- 1 mya1. They are all clearly bipedal2. Relatively small brains3. They have large teeth, particularly the
back teeth, with thick to very thick enamel on molars.
![Page 3: Best known group of African hominid species Two groups Australopithecus (gracile forms) Paranthropus (robust forms) Lived from 4.2- 1 mya 1. They are](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070307/551a24cb550346545e8b45f2/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Australopithecus afarensis Donald Johanson
and his team (including Tim White) discovered Lucy in the Afar region of Ethiopia
Discovered in 1974 First skeleton of an
Early hominid until last year
![Page 4: Best known group of African hominid species Two groups Australopithecus (gracile forms) Paranthropus (robust forms) Lived from 4.2- 1 mya 1. They are](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070307/551a24cb550346545e8b45f2/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Bipedal But not completely
the same as us Cranial capacity
350cc 3.2 mya Showed bipedalism
preceded encephalization
![Page 5: Best known group of African hominid species Two groups Australopithecus (gracile forms) Paranthropus (robust forms) Lived from 4.2- 1 mya 1. They are](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070307/551a24cb550346545e8b45f2/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Mary Leakey discovers Laetoli Footprints
Shows 54 individuals walking upright
Radioactive dating places these footprints at 3.59 to 3.75mya
![Page 6: Best known group of African hominid species Two groups Australopithecus (gracile forms) Paranthropus (robust forms) Lived from 4.2- 1 mya 1. They are](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070307/551a24cb550346545e8b45f2/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Paranthropus boisei
2.6 – 1.8 mya Huge jaw Large molars Large sagital crest Cranial capacity
530cc First discovered by
anthropologist Mary Leakey on July 17, 1959, at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania,
![Page 7: Best known group of African hominid species Two groups Australopithecus (gracile forms) Paranthropus (robust forms) Lived from 4.2- 1 mya 1. They are](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070307/551a24cb550346545e8b45f2/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Paranthropus(Robust Australopiths) Many different species and
fossils from all over Africa Large, deep, lower jaws. Large molars Sagital crest What do think this means?
![Page 8: Best known group of African hominid species Two groups Australopithecus (gracile forms) Paranthropus (robust forms) Lived from 4.2- 1 mya 1. They are](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070307/551a24cb550346545e8b45f2/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Paranthropus aethiopicus 2.5 mya Lake Turkana, Kenya Cranial capacity
410cc
![Page 9: Best known group of African hominid species Two groups Australopithecus (gracile forms) Paranthropus (robust forms) Lived from 4.2- 1 mya 1. They are](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070307/551a24cb550346545e8b45f2/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Pre-Australopiths (7.0-4.4 mya) Sahelanthropus Found in Chad at
Toros-Menalla 2001 Faunal Dating places
it around 7 mya Small Braincase no
larger than modern chimpanzee
Small vertical face is hominid like feature
What ape like features do you see?
![Page 10: Best known group of African hominid species Two groups Australopithecus (gracile forms) Paranthropus (robust forms) Lived from 4.2- 1 mya 1. They are](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070307/551a24cb550346545e8b45f2/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Ardipithecus ramidus
Discovered in 1994 by Tim White (U.C. Berkley) and Lovejoy (Kent State)
In 1994 just found portion of jaw and a few teeth
Found in Middle Awash of Ethiopia
Complete find published in Science October 2009
Mostly complete
![Page 11: Best known group of African hominid species Two groups Australopithecus (gracile forms) Paranthropus (robust forms) Lived from 4.2- 1 mya 1. They are](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070307/551a24cb550346545e8b45f2/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Bipedal Wouldn’t be able to
run long distances Grasping toe Small brain Small canines Cranial capacity
350-500cc Dated Volcanic Ash
above and below fossils
4.4 mya