A PRESENTATION ON

Advancement in Hybrid

Technology

DEFINITION A Hybrid Vehicle utilizes two distinct sources of

energy to move the vehicle. Sources :Gasoline, electric, Biomass, solar

energy , Hydrogen , Ethanol etc.

Types of hybrid Hybrid vehicles are classified according

to the drive train structure.

1.Parallel Hybrid2.Series Hybrid3.Parallel & Series Hybrid

1. PARRALLEL HYBRID In Parallel hybrid Parallel hybrid systems have both an

internal combustion engine (ICE) and an electric motor in parallel connected to a mechanical transmission.

Structure of Parallel hybrid car

PARALLEL HYBRIDAdvantages :1.Total efficiency is higher during

cruising and long-distance highway driving.

2.Large flexibility to switch between electric and ICE power .

3.Electromotor can be design less power as compared to series hybrid

Disadvantages:1.Rather complicated system. 2.The ICE doesn’t operate in a narrow

or constant RPM range, thus efficiency drops at low rotation speed.

Honda Civic IMA

2.SERIES HYBRID In series hybrid only electric motor transfer

power to propel the vehicle

Structure of Series Hybrid

SERIES HYBRID

Advantages: 1.The combustion engine can

operate in a narrow rpm range even as the car changes speed.

2.Series hybrids are relatively the most efficient during stop-and-go city driving.

Disadvantages: The power from the combustion

engine has to run through both the generator and electric motor. During long-distance highway driving, the total efficiency is inferior to a conventional transmission, due to the several energy conversions.

RENAULT KANGOO

SERIES & PARRALLEL HYBRID It is the combination of both series & parallel system. There is

a double connection between the engine and the drive axle: mechanical and electrical. This split power path allows interconnecting mechanical and electrical power, at some cost in complexity.

Structure of Combined Hybrid

SERIES & PARRALLEL HYBRID

Advantages : 1. Maximum flexibility to switch

between electric and ICE power 2. It is smaller, lighter, and more

efficient ICE design. Disadvantage : 1.Very complicated system, more

expensive than parallel hybrid. 2.The efficiency of the power

train transmission is low. 3. More expensive.

Toyota Auris

Degree of Hybridization Depending on the share of the electromotor to the traction

power these are classified :

1.Mild hybrid / micro hybrid: Mild hybrids are essentially

conventional vehicles with oversized starter motors, allowing the engine to be turned off whenever the car is coasting, braking, or stopped, yet restart quickly and cleanly. During restart, the larger motor is used to spin up the engine to operating rpm speeds before injecting any fuel.

Features:1. Engine stop when braking.2. Regenerative braking.

2.Medium hybrid ( = motor assist hybrid) : Motor assist hybrids use the

engine for primary power, with a torque-boosting electric motor connected in parallel to a largely conventional power train. EV mode is only possible for a very limited period of time

Features:1. Engine stop when braking.2. Regenerative braking.3. Motor assist.

3. Strong hybrid ( = full hybrid) : A full hybrid EV can run on just the engine, just the batteries, or a

combination of both. A large, high-capacity battery pack is needed for battery-only operation.

Features:1. Engine stop when braking.2. Regenerative braking.3. EV drive.4. Motor assist.4.Plug in hybrid: A plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) is a full hybrid, able to run in

electric-only mode, with larger batteries and the ability to recharge from the electric power grid. Their main benefit is that they can be gasoline-independent for daily commuting, but also have the extended range of a hybrid for long trips

Features:5. Engine stop when braking.6. Regenerative braking.7. EV drive.8. Motor assist.9. Plug-in.

Advantages of Hybrid cars1. Hybrids are not zero-emission vehicles.But cut down emissions of global-warming

pollutants by a third to a half.2.Later models may cut these emissions

down by even more.

2. Regenerative braking actually makes city driving more economical than on the highway.

3. Fuel efficiency is greatly increased (twice).4. Emissions are greatly decreased.5. Dependency on fossils fuels can be

decreased.6. Hybrids can be run on alternative fuels as

well.

Disadvantages of Hybrid cars

More expensive- Honda Civic begins at $15,000, Civic Hybrid begins at $22,600.

Parts can be very expensive to repair. (between $5,000 and $8,000 for a battery)

Slower than gas-powered cars.

Brief History 1900 - Ferdinand Porsche developed

a gasoline-electric hybrid 1997 – Toyota Prius 1999 – Honda Insight 2000 – Hybrids become core market

Future of Hybrid Cars

ANY QUERIES ?