BERMUDA: WORLD WAR ONE

NCOs and Officers of the BMA

Bermudian soldiers travelling by troopship to France

On November 11th 2018, countries throughout the world will celebrate the 100th anniversary of the end of World War One; also known as the Great War and The War to End all Wars.

This booklet will give a brief overview of World War One and list every Bermudian who served, including those who gave their lives in service, were wounded, listed as missing in action or taken prisoner. Perhaps a member of your family is recorded here.

You can also read the accolades by Commanding Officers. It is clear that the Bermudian soldiers performed their duties admirably in the face of continuous danger and hardship.

Please remember Bermuda’s War Veterans by wearing a poppy in November, and supporting the Island’s remaining World War 2 veterans and widows.

The story of Bermudians in World War One

The catastrophe of World War One erupted in 1914. Over 130 nations were involved in the course of the War. Of the 70 million men of all countries who served in the War, over 9 million died or were killed in active service; 3 million women became widows and 10 million children were left fatherless. Roughly 50 per cent of the men who served were captured, wounded or lost their lives as a result of war service.

The German ruler, Kaiser Wilhelm II was determined to expand Germany’s power and territories, even beyond Europe. He set out to expand the German army and create a navy to rival Britain.

The spark that ignited the War was the assassination of the heir to the throne of Austria and Hungary, Archduke Franz Ferdinand by a 19 year old Serbian student. Austria declared war on Serbia. As soon as armies mobilized, war was unavoidable. The Great War had begun, and the German army invaded Belgium and France in the Battle of the Frontiers on August 14th, 1914.

Britain declared war on Germany on August 4th 1914, and the armed forces in Bermuda were immediately put on war footing. In those days the units were segregated. The Bermuda Volunteer Rifle Corps (white) was mobilized, and the Bermuda Militia Artillery (coloured) was undergoing annual training camp. Both units spent several months on defence works with the Garrison at Dockyard, and in May 1915 the BVRC left for France, where they were attached to the Lincolnshire Regiment.

In May of 1916 the Bermuda Contingent Royal Garrison Artillery, formed from the Bermuda

Militia Artillery, embarked for France under the command of white officers. These included the great grandfather of the present Anglican Bishop of Bermuda, Major Thomas Dill. He was at the time Commanding Officer of the Garrison at Dockyard. He gave up his command to a subordinate officer in order to serve in France with the BMA soldiers. They remembered him as a fine commander. After the war, he was awarded the OBE, and resumed his command at Dockyard, later becoming Bermuda’s Attorney General.

A recorded total of 544 Bermudians served in WW1. Of the 126 serving in the BVRC, 30 were killed in action, 7 wounded, 5 taken prisoner of war, and 2 never returned -missing in action. 252 soldiers served with the Bermuda Contingent, Royal Garrison Artillery. 2 were killed in action, 7 were taken prisoner of war, 19 died of disease or wounds and 1 was reported missing. Of the 167 Bermudians who joined the Allied Forces independently, 21 were killed in action, 8 were wounded, 2 became prisoners of war, and 1 was reported missing.

Both Contingents served in the battles of the Somme, Arras, Ypres and Vimy Ridge. The BMA were employed on extremely dangerous duties at heavy ammunition dumps, carrying ammunition to the front lines, frequently coming under enemy fire. Two members of the BMA were literally blown to bits when the ammunition they were carrying exploded.

A considerable number of Bermudians enlisted independently in the Allied forces, including English, Scottish, French and Canadian Regiments, the Royal Air Force, Royal Flying Corps, Royal Navy and US units. Bermudians served as far away as Serbia on the Eastern Front. Some enlisted in Canadian units, because they believed that

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they would be involved in the fiercest fighting. They were right.

Why did both black and white Bermudians volunteer to take part in a war that started thousands of miles away in distant Europe? In 1914, the British Empire was known as ‘the Empire on which the sun never set’. Citizens of the Empire felt an immense pride and duty to the Empire and to ‘King and Country.’ It was widely thought that the war would be very short – ‘over by Christmas’ – and the newly-attested soldiers had no idea of the horrors of mechanised warfare that awaited them, or the brutal conditions on the front lines. To them, the war was a glamorous, even a welcome opportunity – an unforeseen chance for glory and adventure, with the added incentive of returning to their home countries and families as heroes.

Moving to the front lines in France would have been a brutal experience for young soldiers, packed by the thousand into troopships during sea battles, scarcely able to move for the entire voyage and then finding themselves in battle conditions in France. Animals and men could be swallowed up completely in the thick mud of the battlefields.

The experience for the black soldiers from Bermuda was shocking; they were given the rank of ‘Gunner’ and expected to operate as far forward as no-man’s land, but they were given no weapons, as it was believed they might turn weapons on their white officers. This situation was finally remedied at the battle of Ypres, where black soldiers showed their mettle as machine gunners. The experience of black soldiers in other Allied units varied. Black soldiers experienced high levels of discrimination in the US forces and many black soldiers chose to enlist with the French forces, where they were treated as

equals and had a formidable reputation as snipers and for patrolling behind enemy lines.

All who served on the battlefields of WW1 were awarded the War Medal and the Victory medal, but decorations are awarded for specific gallantry. Among the decorations awarded to Bermudians were the Belgian Croix de Guerre, the Military Medal, Meritorious Service Medal, OBE and MBE. There were at least two awards of the Distinguished Flying Cross to Bermudians.

Only ten years had passed since the Wright brothers’ first manned flight, but already warfare was moving to a revolutionary new dimension – the skies. The WW1 airplanes were single seater flimsy constructions - no wonder they were referred to as ‘kites’.* They were deliberately kept as simple to fly as possible, as there was very little time to train the pilots. At first, airplanes were used purely for reconnaissance; by going to the skies it was possible to see the enemies’ movements from a distance. Then, it was found possible for airplanes to drop bombs and grenades, and for ground troops to bring down airplanes with bullets and mortars. Aerial warfare between fliers started, and

BMA in 1914, with Major TE Dill OBE in the foreground (just off-centre).

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later airplanes were equipped with a forward mounted machine gun for the pilot to use. The French invented the term ‘Ace’ for a pilot who brought down five enemy aircraft during battles in the air. Bermudian Ace Lennock de Graaf Godet, who served in the Royal Flying Corps, brought down eight, guaranteeing the award of the Distinguished Flying Cross decoration. In June,1918, Godet was killed when his airplane crashed in flames over France. He was twenty-one years old. Lt. ‘Joe’ Watlington also served in the Royal Flying Corps and received the same decoration. He lost his life when his plane crashed over France; his body was never recovered.

Undoubtedly, the worst conditions and the most danger was to be found in the front lines and the trenches. Conditions were so bad that it was necessary to rotate the troops in the front line trenches every few days. The trenches rapidly became toxic swamps, mud-filled and filthy; infestations by rats, fleas and lice tormented all the soldiers. Pneumonia and dysentery accounted for as many casualties as shells and bullets. Conditions were possibly worst in the battle of the Somme, which lasted 6 months and claimed one million lives to no particular advantage of either side. It was estimated that there were 11 casualties for every three feet of ground gained by either army. As the battles progressed, more and more soldiers were fed into the front lines by both sides; younger and younger German boys were conscripted as soldiers, and the requirements for Allied soldiers dropped drastically – the oldest British soldier killed was aged 68. US forces joined the Allies in 1917, feeding 2 million soldiers into the war effort despite their commander General Pershing’s serious concerns that many of his troops were barely trained and not ready for action.

For every four soldiers serving in the trenches, one would be killed, one would be unscathed and two would be wounded.

The Germans were the first to use poison gas as a weapon in 1915, but were followed quickly by the British. By the end of WW1 there were 1.3 million casualties from chemical weapons.

In 1918, on the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month, an Armistice was signed which ended World War One with an Allied victory.

In 1919, Bermuda’s soldiers returned home or were discharged to England. The British Government created compassionate Acts of Parliament for all Commonwealth countries, allotting returning veterans pensions, plots of land, free hospital treatment for life, pensions for widows and orphans, and monetary grants for a family homestead, for going into business and attending college. Unfortunately the Act was largely ignored in Bermuda. As to be expected, many Bermudian soldiers suffered terribly from the effects of their wartime service. Today we would call it Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, but in the aftermath of WW1 it was little understood and dismissed as ‘shell shock.’ One Bermudian soldier returned home so devastated by his experiences that he never spoke again for the rest of his life.

After the War was over, great upheavals of society took place in many countries. The Russian Revolution of 1917-19 swept away Tsar Nicholas II, replacing monarchy and aristocracy with the world’s first Communist state.

As the Roman historian Tacitus wrote 2,000 years earlier: ‘They made a desert and they called it Peace.’

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Nominal RollsFollowing are the nominal rolls of the Contingents, together with a list of those awarded honours and decorations, etc.

Bermuda Volunteer Rifle Corps

Rank Name RemarksL/Cpl. Adams, C.A.* Discharged in England, March, 1919.Rfn. Adcock, C.C. Killed in action 5/11/16.Rfn. Adcock, F.B. Discharged. Returned to Bermuda 5/7/16.Rfn. Arnold, W. Killed in action 11/4/17Rfn. Atcheson, G.S.* P.O.W. Returned to Bermuda 2/5/19Sgt. Baker, C.A.* Returned to Bermuda.L/Cpl. Baker, H.J. Killed in Action 4/10/17.Rfn. Eatherley, O.S. Discharged. Returned to Bermuda 31/3/18.Rfn. Farrell, M.J. Discharged. Returned to Bermuda 21/11/16.Rfn. Barnaby, W.E. Discharged 28/9/16 in EnglandRfn. Blackman, K.S. Discharged. Returned to Bermuda 2/6/17.Cpl. Blackman, T.W. Discharged. Returned to Bermuda 21/9/16.Rfn Blumsum, A. Discharged. Returned to Bermuda 31/3/18.Rfn. Boorman, F.J. Discharged. Returned to Bermuda 8/11/18Rfn. Bridges, A.P.† Discharged. Returned to Bermuda 11/9/17.L/Cpl. Bridges, H.F. Killed in Action 5/11/16.Cpl. Bruce, E.* Returned to Bermuda 2/5/19.L/Cpl. Buckley, C.W.* do.Cpl. Burgess, E.R.* do.Rfn. Cannon, C.R. Discharged. Returned to Bermuda 8/4/17.Rfn. Cannon, J.A. Killed in Action 4/10 /17.Sgt. Churm, A.H.* Returned to Bermuda.Rfn. Clarke, G.A. Discharged. Returned to Bermuda 8/11/18.L/Cpl. Cooper, J.C.* Returned to Bermuda 2/5/19.2/Lt. Cooper, A.L.* Commission, Lincoln Rgt., 29/9/17.

Returned to Bermuda.Rfn. Cooper, J. Died of Wounds 31/10/17.Rfn. Crittenden, C.H. Discharged in England 14/5/17Rfn. Crone, J.* Returned to Bermuda 2/5/19.2/Lt. Davis, H.B.* Commission Lincoln Rgt.Rfn. Crone, J.* Returned to Bermuda 2/5/19.2/Lt. Davis, H.B.* Commission Lincoln Rgt.Rfn. Crone, J.* Returned to Bermuda 2/5/19.2/Lt. Davis, H.B.* Commission Lincoln Rgt.2/Lt. Davison, A.G.H.* Commission Essex Rgt.Rfn. Dean, S.G. Died from pneumonia 31/5/16.Rfn. De Silva Discharged. Returned to Bermuda.Rfn. Dickens, R.E.G.* Discharged in England, April, 1919.2/Lt. Dickenson, J.B.* Commission Tank Corps 31/12/17.Rfn. Doe, A.E. Died of wounds 15/7/17.2/Lt. Doe, C.A.* Commission Machine Gun Corps.Capt. Earl, R.C.* Commission, B.V.R.C. 18/1/16.Rfn. Eartherly, O.S. Discharged. Returned to Bermuda 31.3.18Rfn. Farrell, M.J. Discharged. Returned to Bermuda 21.11.16Rfn. Farrell, J.W.A.† Discharged. Returned to Bermuda 29/9/17.Sgt. Farrell, P.J. Killed in Action 11/4/17.Cpl. Fisher, C.E. Discharged. Returned to Bermuda 29/9/17.Cpl. Fisher, C.P.* Returned to Bermuda 2/5/19.Rfn. Foreman, J.A.R. Discharged. Returned to Bermuda 31/3/18.Rfn. Hall, B.E. Discharged. Returned to Bermuda 25/4/17.Rfn. Harriott, N.B. Killed in Action 25/9/16.Rfn. Harris, S.A.* 1st Garr. Batt., S. Staffs. Rgt. India.

Rfn. Heath, F.E.* Returned to Bermuda 2 /5/19.Rfn. Hollis, E.K. Killed in Action 21/3/18.Rfn. Hollis, G.P.* Returned to Bermuda 2/5/19.Lt. Ingham, P.S. Commissioned 27/11/17.L/Cpl. Kyme, W.R. Killed in Action 27/4/18.Sgt. Lines, C.E.P.* Returned to Bermuda.Rfn. Marshall, A.B. Discharged. Returned to Bermuda 8/4/17.Rfn. Marshall, F.G. Reported wounded and missing.Rfn. Martin, W.G. Killed in Action 5/11/16.Rfn. McEwen, J. Discharged. Returned to Bermuda 5/7/16.Rfn. McNichol, R.L. Discharged. Returned to Bermuda 2/5/19.L/Cpl. McNichol, W.F.D.* Returned to Bermuda 2/5/19.Rfn. McSweeney, D. Discharged. Returned to Bermuda 24/3/16.Sgt. Medeiros, F.* Returned to Bermuda.Rfn. Millett, H.W. Killed in Action 21/8/18.Rfn. Moody, J. Discharged in England 6/11/18C.S.M. Morgan, W.H.* With Army of Occupation, Germany.Sgt. Mullin, C.E.* With Chinese Labour Corps, France.Rfn. Mullin, C.F.* Returned to Bermuda 2/5/19Rfn. Mullin, L.H.* do.Rfn. Noble, H. Killed in Action 3/7/16.Rfn. O’Connor, C.C. Discharged. Returned to Bermuda 29/9/18.Rfn. O’Connor, J.A. Killed in Action 26/4/18.L/Cpl. Outerbridge, B.W. Died of Wounds 3/10/16.Sgt. Palmer, H.E.* Returned to Bermuda 2/5/19.2/Lt. Paterson, F.C.* Commission in Northumberland Fusiliers.Rfn. Pawsey, F. Killed in Action 22/10/15.Rfn. Peniston, H.L. Returned to Bermuda 2/5/19.Rfn. Pitcher, E.L. Killed in Action 26/2/17.2/Lt. Paterson, F.C.* Commission in Northumberland Fusiliers.Rfn. Pawsey, F. Killed in Action 22/10/15.Rfn. Peniston, H.L. Returned to Bermuda 2/5/19.Rfn. Pitcher, E.L. Killed in Action 26/2/17.Rfn. Pitman, B.McN Killed in Action 4/1/18.Rfn. Platten, R. Killed in Action 16/7/16.Rfn. Powell, L.G.B.* Discharged whilst on sick leave in Bermuda.L/Cpl. Rice, H.A.* Returned to Bermuda 2/5/19.Rfn. Roberts; R.W. Discharged. Returned to. Bermuda 27/9/18.2/Lt. Robertson, C.G. Killed in Action. Commission in Essex Rgt.L/Cpl. Rodriques, E.* Returned to Bermuda 2/5/19.Rfn. Ryder, W.J. Killed in Action 5/7/16.Rfn. Sewell, J.H.* Returned to Bermuda 2/5/19.Rfn. Shepperd, A.L. Died of wounds 18/10/15.Rfn. Smith, A.G. Returned to Bermuda 2/5/19.Rfn. Smith, D.G. Killed in Action 30/9/16.Rfn. Smith, G.A.* Returned to Bermuda.C.S.M. Smith, J.S.* Returned to Bermuda 2/5/19.Rfn. Smith, K.N. Killed in Action 10/10/15.Rfn. Smith, P.A. Discharged. Returned to Bermuda 5/11/18.Cpl. Sodergreen A.H.* Returned to Bermuda 2/5/19.Rfn. Spanswick, G.J. Discharged. Returned to Bermuda 3/10/18.2/Lt. Spurling, A.R.* Commission, R.A.F.Rfn. Stephenson, L.G.* Discharged in England March, 1919.Rfn. Stollard, G. Killed in Action 30/4/17.2/Lt. Stone, St.C.* Commission, R.A.F.Rfn. Stuchberry, T.A. Commission 18/12/16.Rfn. Sullivan, G.*† Returned to Bermuda.2/Lt. Tatem, E.G.* Commission, Indian Army Reserve of

Officers 31/7/18.

Cpl. Tatem, P.A. Killed in Action 25/9/16.Rfn. Thompson, C.H. Discharged. Returned to Bermuda 31/12/17.Sgt. Tite, G.G. Discharged. Returned to Bermuda March,

1919.Rfn. Tite, T.J. Discharged in England 1/11/18

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Rfn Tite, W.J. Killed in action 16/7/16Rfn Tribley, B.L. Discharged. Returned to Bermuda 3/5/18.Rfn Trimingham, J.L. Killed in Action 13/9/15.Rfn Trimingham, W.G. Commission Lancashire Fuslrs.Rfn. Tucker, E.E. Killed in Action 22/12/16Rfn. Tucker, G.F. Killed in Action 18/11/15.2/Lt. Tucker, H.St.G.* Commission, B.W.I. Rgt., 14/5/18.Col. Tucker, R.J.* Returned to Bermuda 7/2/20Rfn. Tucker, St.G.N. Killed in Action 25/9/16.L/Cpl. Turini, B.L. Killed in Action 11/4/17.Cp. Virtue, E.W.* Returned to Bermuda 2/5/19.2/Lt. Wadson, S.P. Commission Royal West Surrey Rgt. Killed

in Action 9/8/18Rfn. Waldren, G.H. Discharged in England 9/3/18.Rfn. Ward E.L.* Returned to Bermuda 2/5/19.2/Lt. Watlington, H.J. Commission, Royal Flying Corps. Killed in

Action 6/7/17.Rfn. White, W.A. Died of Wounds 14/4/18.Rfn. Whitecross, C.W. Discharged Returned to Bermuda 27/9/18.Rfn. Whitecross, H.C. Reported Missing 4/10/17.Sgt. Williams, W.N.T.* Returned to Bermuda.Rfn. Willoughby, F.H. Discharged in England 17/10/18L/Cp. Wilson, R.C.* Returned to Bermuda. P.O.W.Rfn. Wilson, R.H. Discharged. Returned to Bermuda 8/11/18.Sgt. Young, F.* Transferred to Royal Flying Corps 2/8/16.L/Cp. Wilson, R.C.* Returned to Bermuda. P.O.W.Rfn. Wilson, R.H. Discharged. Returned to Bermuda 8/11/18.Sgt. Young, F.* Transferred to Royal Flying Corps 2/8/16.

Bermuda Contingent Royal Garrison Artillery

Rank Name RemarksGnr. Adams, R.* Returned to Bermuda 1/7/19.Gnr. Armstrong, H.* do.Gnr. Athill, B.* do.Gnr. Bascome, G.* do.Gnr. Basden, M.* do.Gnr. Bean, E.* do.Gnr. Bean, F. Returned to Bermuda 18/5/17

Gnr. Bean, R.A.S.* Returned to Bermuda 1/7/19.Gnr. Bell, R.T.* do.Gnr. Benjamin, D.J. do.Gnr. Brangman, T.* do.Gnr. Brown, J.* do.Gnr. Buggsson, A. Died of pneumonia 26/6/18.Gnr. Bulford, E.* Returned to Bermuda 1/7/19.Gnr. Burchall, D.* do.Gnr. Burchall, F.H.* do.Gnr. Burchall, G.* do.Sgt. Burchall, G.* do.Gnr. Burchall, R.H.* do.Gnr. Burgess, B.* do.Bdr. Burgess, C.H. 1115 do.Bdr. Burgess, C.H. 1177* do.Gnr. Burgess, J.* do.Gnr. Burrows, J.* do.Gnr. Burrows, J.W.* do.Gnr. Burrows, S.* do.Gnr. Butterfield, G.* Returned to Bermuda.Gnr. Caines, F.B.* Discharged in England.

Gnr. Callabrass, L.* Returned to Bermuda 1/7/19.Cpl. Cann, G.* do.Gnr. Cann, V.S.* do.Gnr. Casey, G.* do.Gnr. Condor, W.A. Died of pneumonia 28/6/17.Gnr. Curtis, C.* Returned to Bermuda.Gnr. Darrell, A.* Returned to Bermuda 1/7/19.Gnr. Darrell, C.A.* do.Gnr. Darrell, J.N.S.* do.Gnr. Darrell, O.* do.Gnr. Darrell, R.C.* do.Gnr. Darrell. S.H.* do.Bdr. Davis, A. 1016* Returned to Bermuda 1/7/19Gnr. Davis, A. 1141* do.Gnr. Davis, A.G. 1017* do.Gnr. Deshield, M.* do.Gnr. Deshield, W.* do.Gnr. Deshield, G.* do.Gnr. De Silva, H.L.* Returned to Bermuda 16/11/16 Gnr. Dickenson, E.* Returned to Bermuda 1/7 /19.Gnr. Dickinson, G.H.* do.Gnr. Dickinson, T.* do.Gnr. Douglas, L.* Returned to Bermuda 18/4/17Gnr. Douglas, W.* Returned to Bermuda 1/7/19.Gnr. Dowling, S.* Discharged in England.Gnr. Drew, J.W.* Returned to Bermuda 1/7/19.Gnr. Dunlop, T.* do.Gnr. Durrant, H.* Detained in France.Gnr. Easton, R.* Returned to Bermuda 1/7/19.Gnr. Easton, W.* do.Gnr. Easton, W.E.* Died of pleurisy 8/6/17.Gnr. Edmeads, L.* Returned to Bermuda 1/7/19.Gnr. Edwards, J.* do.Sgt. Eston, C.* do.Sgt. Evans, G.R.* do.Gnr. Evans, S.* do.Gnr. Fraites, E.* do.Gnr. Fishendon, B.A.*† do.Gnr. Fishendon, D.* do.Gnr. Ford, E.* do.Gnr. Foster, W.L.* Returned to Bermuda 1/5/19.Gnr. Fox, H.* Returned to Bermuda 1/7/19.Gnr. Francis, B.* do.Gnr. Franklin, I.J.* do.Gnr. Franklin, W.* do.Gnr. Frith, C.* do.Gnr. Furbert, A.* do.Gnr-. Furbert, W.H.* do.Gnr. Gardiner, J.* do.Gnr. George, A.* do.Gnr. Gibbons, A.* do.Gnr. Gibbons, F.G.* do.G1u. Gibbons, S.H.* do.Gnr. Gilbert, H.* do.Gnr. Golding, A.C.* Returned to Bermuda 1/7/19Gnr. Hawkins, J.* do.Gnr. Haligan, C.H.* do.Gnr. Harvey, M.* do.Gnr. Harvey, W.* do.Gnr. Hill, H.* do.Gnr. Hodge, N.* do.Gnr. Hodgson, O.L.* do.Gnr. Hollis, P.S.* do.Gnr. Iris, C.L.* do.

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Gnr. James, A.* do.Gnr. James, E.A.* do.Sgt. James, L.B.* do.Gnr. James, J.*† do.Gnr. Jennings, A.T.* do.Gnr. Joell, A.* do.Gnr. Joell, W.* Died in Hospital 9/12/18.Gnr. Johnson, C.A.* Returned to Bermuda 1/7/19.Gnr. Johnson, J.B.H.* do.Gnr. Johnson, W.* do.Gnr. Kirkpatrick, H.* do.Gnr. Knights, H.* do.Gnr. Lambert, A.C.* do.Gnr. Lambert, A.R.* Discharged in England.Gnr. Latham, E.* Returned to Bermuda.Gnr. Lemon, J.* Returned to Bermuda 1/7/19.Gnr. Lynch, B.S.* do.Gnr. Lynch, T.H.* do.Gnr. Manders, A.*† do.Gnr. Master, G.* do.Gnr. Masters, H. Returned to Bermuda 13/9/17.Gnr. Mills, J.* Returned to Bermuda 1/7/19.Bdr. Mills, J.A.* do.Gnr. Ming, F.J.* do.Gnr. Ming, H.J.* do.Sgt. Minors, F.* do.Gnr. Moore, J.† Returned to Bermuda 18/4/17.Gnr. Morris, G.* Returned to Bermuda 1/7/19.Gnr. Mouchett, B.* do.Gnr. Mussenden, J. Died of Wounds 31/10/17.Gnr. Musson, A.E.* Returned to Bermuda 1/7/19.Gnr. Nusum, F do.Gnr. O’ Brien, E.H.* Discharged in England.Gnr. Outerbridge, E.A.* Returned to Bermuda 1/7/19.Gnr. Outerbridge, O.* do.Gnr. Outerbridge, W.* do.Gnr. Parker, W.* do.Gnr. Paynter, H.* do.Gnr. Pearman, C.W.* do.Gnr. Pearman, G.* do.Gnr. Pearman, R.* do.Gnr. Peniston, W.G.* do.Gnr. Perinchief, W.* do.Gnr. Phipps, J.* do.Sgt. Pierce, A.H.L.* Returned to Bermuda 13/9/17.Gnr. Place, C.W. Killed in Action 2/11/17.Gnr. Ratteray, W.F. Returned to Bermuda 13/9/17.Gnr. Raynor, E.* Returned to Bermuda 1/7/19.Gnr. Raynor, J.* do.Gnr. Reid, L.A.* do.Gnr. Richardson, A.L.* do.Gnr. Richardson, E.* do.Gnr. Richardson, G.* do.Gnr. Richardson, H.* do.Gnr. Richardson, N.J.* do.Gnr. Richardson, S.* do.Gnr. Richardson, W. Died in hospital 2/12/18.Gnr. Richardson, W.G.* Returned to Bermuda 1/7/19.Gnr. Roberts, A.C.* Returned to Bermuda.Gnr. Robinson, A.* Returned to Bermuda 1 /7/19.Gnr. Robinson, H.* do.Gnr. Rowling, A.* do.Sgt. Ryan, N.H.* do.Gnr. Sherlock, J.* do.

Gnr. Simmons, A.J.* do.Gnr. Simmons, H.D.* Died of pneumonia 6/6/19.Gnr. Simmons, W.* Returned to Bermuda 1/7/19.Gnr. Simons, D.V. Returned to Bermuda 13/9/17.Gnr. Simons, G.H.* Returned to Bermuda 1/7/19.Gnr. Simons, G.R.* do.Gnr. Simons, G.W.* do.Gnr. Simons, R.A.* do.Gnr. Smith, A.* do.Gnr. Smith, C.* do.Gnr. Smith,.D.* Returned to Bermuda 7/7/19Gnr. Smith, E. 1071* do.Gnr. Smith, E. 1171* do.Gnr. Smith, E.M.* do.Gnr. Smith, F.* do.Gnr. Smith, H.* do.Gnr. Smith, H.H.* do.Gnr. Smith, J.* do.Gnr. Smith, J.A.* do.Cpl. Smith, J.E. * do.Gnr. Smith, J. H. * do.Gnr. Smith, K.* do.Gnr. Smith, R.* do.Gnr. Smith, R.J.*† do.Gnr. Smith, S.* do.Gnr. Smith, T.B.* do.Gnr. Smith, W.* do.Gnr. Smith, W.F.* do.Gnr. Somersall, E.E.* do.Gnr. Steed, N. 1072* do.Gnr. Steed, N. 1073* do.Gnr. Steede, J.A.* do.Gnr. Stowe, A.* Died of Wounds 20/5/17Gnr. Stowell, A.J.* Returned to Bermuda 1/7/19Gnr. Stowell, D.* do.Gnr. Swan, A.R.* Returned to Bermuda.Gnr. Swan, E.* Discharged 8/2/18.Gnr. Swan, H.* Returned to Bermuda 1/7/19Gnr. Swan, H.H.* do.Gnr. Swan, W.H.* do.Gnr. Swan, S.S. Died of Wounds 17/11/17Gnr. Symonds, J.A.* Returned to Bermuda 1/7/19Gnr. Symons, J.* do.Gnr. Talbot, A.H.* do.Gnr. Talbot, G.* do.Gnr. Talbot, H.E.* do.Gnr. Talbot, H.J.* do.Gnr. Taylor, J.* do.Gnr. Thomas, A.* do.Gnr. Thompson, R.L.* do.Gnr. Trott, E.C.* do.Gnr. Trott, P. 1245* do.Gnr. Trott, P 1101* Returned to Bermuda 1/7/19Gnr. Tucker, E.* do.Gnr. Tucker, E.W.* do.Gnr. Tucker, H.W.* Returned to Bermuda 12/9/18.Gnr. Tuzo, S.* Returned to Bermuda.Gnr. Waldron, R.* Returned to Bermuda 1/7/19.Gnr. Washington, C.* do.Gnr. Washington, G.* do.Sgt. Watson, C.C.* do.Gnr. Watts, E.* do.Gnr. Wears, S.A.* do.Sgt. Wells, G.* do.

6

Gnr. Whate, H.* do.Gnr. Whate, L.* do.Gnr. White, M.* do.Gnr. White, W.* do.Gnr. Wilkinson, A.S.* do.Gnr. Williams, C.P. Returned to Bermuda 18/4/17.Gnr. Williams, E.* Returned to Bermuda 1/7/19Gnr. Williams, M.* do.Gnr. Wilmot, A.C.* do.Gnr. Wilson, C.* do.Gnr. Wright, C.* do.Gnr. Wellman, R.A.* Deserted.Gnr. White, A.* Returned to Bermuda 1/7/19.Gnr. Young, F.* do.

* These men served to the end of the Campaign.

† These men died after returning from the effects of war service.

Officers of the Bermuda Contingent, R.G.A.Mjr. T.M. DillMjr. Stuart Hamilton Lt. A.H. EdwardsLt. C. Gosling. Lt. H.C. SmithLt. John Trimingham Lt. L. Wrigg, M.C.

Prisoners of WarRfn. G.F. AtchesonSgt. C.A. BakerL/Cpl. W.F.D. McNicholRfn. A.G. SmithCpl. E.W. VirtueRfn. R.C. Wilson

HonoursMr. Joseph Rippon·(Chairman) O.B.E.Colonel R.J. Tucker O.B.E.Mrs. R.J. Tucker M.B.E.Lt. L. Wrigg M.C.Lt. A.R. Spurling D.F.C. Lt. L.d.G. Godet D.F.C. Lt. J. Watlington D.F.C.Sgt. C.C. Watson (B.C.R.G.A.) M.S.M.Sgt. A.H. Churm (B.V.R.C.) M.M.Lt. P.S. Ingham (do.) M.M.Sgt. F. Medeiros (do.) M.M.Rfn. L.G.B. Powell (do.) M.M.Rfn. J.H. Sewell (do.) M.M.Rfn. R.C. Wilson (do.) M.M.Gnr. H. Knight (B.C.R.G.A.) M.M.Gnr. A. Manders (do.) M.M.

Bermudians serving with Allied ForcesKarl Adams, 38th Ottawa Rgt.

Pte. Harold Frith Astwood, 1st F. Amb., Can.

Pte. James Clifton: Astwood, C.E.F.

Sig. Mervyn Stuart Astwood, H.M. Navy, transferred to a minesweeper, then to a submarine.

H. Crossley Atwood.

C.M. Allen.

Ewart Cudemore Brown, Overseas McGill Contingent.

Cpl. Frank L. Barritt, Fort Garry Horse, C.E.F., wounded and taken prisoner 21/11/17.

Cpl. Harry Durham Butterfield, Can. Garrison Arty. (McGill Contingent), commissioned Sept. 1918 in 2nd Can. Div. Sig. Co., Can. Eng. Merito rious Service Medal.

Pte. Stuart Alexander Burrows, Composite Bn., C.E.F., promoted Sgt. in 112th Bn.

Pte. John Burrows, 69th Battery, C.E.F., killed 1918.

F. C. T. Basham, 28th Can. R.E. Commissioned, Awarded M.C.

C. N. Arthur Butterfield, University of Toronto Overseas Contingent. Attached 1st Tank Bn.

Graham Boyle.

Walter Arthur Card, Stoker, Petty Officer, R.N. Sgt. Charles Conyers, C.E.F.

2/Lt. Walter Neville Conyers, Royal Berkshire Rgt. Killed in action 19th Aug., 1916.

Clarence Cooper, Cpt. (Sept. 23, 1918), Can. A.V.C.

W. E. Cooper, Can. F.A.

J. E. Crisson, Can. F. Arty. Herbert S. Crisson, Can. F. Arty.

Charles A. Collison.

Arthur Cann.

Lt. Harry C. Curtis, C.O.T.C., R.N.A.S., R.A.F.

Gr. Howard Stanley Dunscombe, Can. Garrison Arty.

Pte. Norman Dunstan, 2nd Bn. Cyclist Corps, C.E.F.

Pte. Albert Edward Down, 28th Bn. N.W. Can. Rgt. Awarded M.M. in Nov. 1916. Promoted to Sgt. 1st Dec. 1917. Specially mentioned 1st Feb. 1918. Gaz. Lt. July, 1918.

Pte. Joseph Eldon Doe, Can. Cycle Corps.

Gr. Fred. Wm. Denman, 69th By. Can. F. Arty. Transferred to Trench Mortar Battery.

Evelyn Doe, C.F.A., 119th Infy. Bn., R.C.H.A., Corps. Awarded Belgian Croix de Guerre.

Gr. E.C. Dickins, 69th Battery. Can. F. Arty.

Flt. Cdt. Reuben Maynard Dickinson, R.A.F. Gaz. 2/Lt. Feb. 15th, 1919.

Reginald Darrell, Can. R.F.C.

Robert Victor Darrell, Can. R.F.C.

Joseph Sholtz Doe.

Percival Erle Dickinson, Can. R.A.M.C., died on Active Service.

Eldon Dickins, Can. F.A.

Edwards, A.H., Corporal, R.A.0.C.; Commissioned on Field to R.G.A., 1918, posted to B.C.R.G.A.

Herbert Frith, killed.

Pte. Ed. Vincent Frith, 2nd Dn. Cycle Corps, C.E.F., Lieut commissioned Can. Machine Gun Corps.

Staff Sgt. Fugl Dunbar Fraser, 3rd Can. F. Amb., 1st Div.

Sub-Lt. Churchill Tucker Fowle, R.N.V.R. (G.S.)

Edmund Frith.

Eldon Frith.

Charles Frith.

7

Pte. Robert Fagan, 23rd Inf. 2nd Reg. Dn., American Expe ditionary Force, promoted Corporal 25/1/18; Sgt. 10/2/19.

2/Lt. Chas. Gray Gosling Gilbert, 8th Bn. Royal West Kent Rgt., March 1915. Transferred to Machine Gun Corps, 1916. Promoted Lt. 1917. Promoted Acting Cpt. and Acting Mjr., 1918. Awarded Military Cross January, 1918.

Cpt. Gerald H. Gray, R. A. and Leinster. Continuous service from 1914-20. Ireland, France, Egypt, Palestine.

Sgt. Clive Wm. Gorham, accidentally killed.

Sig. Edmund Brownlow Gray, Can. F. Arty. Award ed M.M.

2/Lt. Lennock De Graaf Godet, Royal Flying Corps. Promoted Lt. 1 April, 1918. Killed 1 June, 1918, machine brought down in flames.

Gnr. Henry Mart in Godet, R.F.A.

Wm. B. Guttridge, R.Q.M.S., 38th Can. Infy. Edgar Higgs Grantham.

Alfred H. Grantham. Donald Graham, Can. F.A.

Gr. Harold E. Gibbons, 67th Bty. C.F.A., C.A.V.C.

Pte. Mark Vossmer Galway, 121st Western Irish, C.E.F., wounded at Arleaux, 28 April, 1917.

Karl Edward Hollis, Can. Army Medical Corps. Promoted Mjr., Sept. 1918.

Asst. Purser Gerald LeRoy; Harnett, H.M. Transport Service. Stuart Bennett Harnett; Royal Arsenal, Woolwich.

Harry H. Hutchings. Trooper of City of London Hussars; transferred Cavalry Machine Gun Corps. Commis sioned R.A.F.

Harley A. Hayward.

Harold Hutchings.

Pte. Henry Chas. Higinbothom, 1st Central Ontario Rgt., Can. Bn. B.E.F., wounded, 1918.

Gr. George R. Holmes, 10th Siege Bty., Halifax.

Cdt. Eldon-Harvey, O.T.C. Toronto, Lt. (Mar. 4, 1919) R.G.A.

Ray Harvey.

Fred Hamilton, Can. Tank Bn.

Engine Room Artificer Edward Jos. Ingham, H.M. Navy.

Pte. Walter Notman Jones, 56th Bn. C.E.F.

Pte. Leslie Elliott Jones, 50th Bn. C.E.F.

Lt. Philip James, R.A.M.C., mentioned in despatches.

L/Cpl. Cyril Healy Jackson, Machine Gun Det. 3rd Bn. Toronto Rgt. Officially reported missing 2nd May, 1915. Officially reported killed in action June, 1916.

Walter Jones.

William Jones.

Gnr. Howard Evelyn Kempe, R.C.H.A.

2/Lt. Robert Lightbourn, 11th Bn. Gloucester Rgt.

Albert Ernest Lamb, 163rd Can. Infy. Rgt., ki11ed.

1st Air Mech. Herman Leseur, Photographic Section, R.A.F., Can.

Euene Lines, Can. Flying Corps.

Darrell Lightbourn.

Lt. Arthur J. Motyer, 6th Bn. C.F.A., 2nd Brigade, C.E.F., killed.

Sgt. W. Ernest P. Motyer, Can. Eng., C.E.F.

Cyril Morton, 38th Bn. C.E.F., killed in action.

Claud Morris, Can. F.A.

Manuel De Mello, Can. F.A.

L/Cpl. Louis Wm. Morris, Lincoln Rgt., died of wounds, Dec. 7, 1914.

Cpl. Ormond Jones Middleton, 1st Depot Rgt., 2nd C.O.R.

Pte. Toney Martin, Can. Horse Arty.

Herbert Motyer, American Navy.

Cecil Moore, B.V.R.C., R.A.F., Lt. Awarded D.F.C.

Mech. Wm. Murphie, R.A.F., Can.

John W. Moss, Can. F. Arty.

Fred. C. Misick, Capt. R.E., (W.T.)

Stanley A. Mitchell, 29th Aero Squadron, United States Army.

Pte. Ronald Clyde Notman, 27th. Bty. C.F.A.

Pte. Edward Roland North, 38th Bn. Can. Inf.

Pte. John Hamilton Newman, 5th Bn. Can. Inf.

Cyril Nelmes, R.F.C., Lt. Jan. 1917.

Pte. Joseph Edgar O’Neil, 301st Inf. Foot Rgt. U.S. Army. Transferred to 9th Inf. Rgt.; U.S.A., promoted Cpl. Three times wounded.

Pte. Thomas Dalton Popham, 26th Bn. C.E.F.

Richard Palm er, 163rd Can. Infy. Rgt.

Q.M. Sgt. LeRoy Pascha l, 69th Battery, Can. F. Arty.

C. S. Peniston, C.F.A. , Com. Lt. R.N.A.S. (R.A.F.)

Pte. Harold Perin chief, 2nd F. Amb., C.E.F., wounded at Gallipoli 15/11/15. Com. Hd. Qr. Staff, London, 3/17.

Chaplain Chas. Bryan Robinson, 20th Bn. C.E.F. Resigned commission as Chaplain 16 Nov., 1916. Enlisted in Machine Gun Corps. Commissioned Lt. Feb. 17, 1918. Awarded Military Cross. Killed in action 2/9/18.

Warrant Officer R. Herbert Rowse, R.N.

Gr. Stanley E. Robinson, 69th Battery C.F.A.

Albert Eugene Roberts.

Manuel Corea Ray.

Richard Roberts.

William E. Roberts.

Hosp. Orderly Donald Christopher Smith, Lady Wimborne’s Red Cross Hos. Exp. to Serbia. Com. Lt. 16 Aug., 1915.

Trooper Allan Chalmers Smith, King Edward’s Horse. Com. 2/Lt. 22/12/14 R.F.A. Prom. Lt. July, 1917. Promoted Acting Cpt. 9/5/16. Awarded Military Cross 1/1/19.

Staff Sgt. Artificer Chas. Kennelly Smith, Con. Ord. Corps Awarded M.M. 7th May, 1916. Killed in action 22 Aug. 1917.

Pte. Willard Mercer Bennett Skinner, 15th Service Bn. Royal Scots. Com. 2/Lt. and transferred to 9th Bn. Redford Rgt. 17th June, 1915. Qualified for ser vice in Royal Flying Corps 28th Feb. 1917. Prom. Lt. March 1917. D.S.C. and M.C. Retired Mjr.

Geo. Wilmot Rae Simpson, 5th Royal Can. Highlanders, O.B.E., Belgian Croix de Guerre.

Pte. Fredk. Lea Smith, Grenadier Guards. Killed.

Pte. Webb G. Smith, Sig. Section, 50th Bn. Can. Eric Steele, Can. Infy. Killed.

William Smellie, 38th Ottawa Rgt., C.E.F.

Lloyd Squires, Can. R.A.M.C.

Redvers Robert Spurling, 69th Bty., Can. F. Arty.

Cecil Roy Spurling, 69th Bty., Can. F. Arty.

Jas. Norwood Smith, 69th Bty., Can. F. Arty.

Joe Fereira Smith.

Eric Woodwood Smith, Can. Navy.

L/Cpl. Leonard Eustace Smith, 8th Can. Bn.

Archibald Eugene F. Smith, 37th Eng., A.E.F.

Jas. W.M. Skinner, Lt. R.A.S.C. (H.T.)

8

B.V. Seymour Smith, R. Warwick R., attd. R.F.C., then R.A.F. Cpt. Awarded A.F.C., M.C.

Albert Setton, 38th Can.s.

Pte. A. Ewing Tucker, Princess Patricia C.L.I. Killed.

Pte. George Samuel Tucker, Black Watch. Killed.

Bom. Edmund Richard Harvey Tucker, 1st Heavy Battery, C.F.A.

†Pte. Alfred George Tear, Bedford Rgt. Taken P.O.W.

Pte. H.G.L. Trimingham, Queen’s Westminster Rifles. Prom.

L/Cpl. Oct. 1914. Commissioned, Prom. Capt. 17/11/17.

Lt. Wm. Edward Harper Talbot, Indian Army.

Lt. Edward Stuart Thompson , 1st Halifax Rgt., C.G.A.

Seward Toddings, 69th Battery, C.F.A. Com. 75th (Toronto) Infy. Bn.

Thomas Toddings, A.E.F.

Thomas Tucker.

C.S.M.W. Thiele, 6th Bn. East Yorks. Killed at Suvla Bay, Gallipoli, Aug., 1915.

Eldon H. Trimingham, R.N.V.R. (G.S.)

J. Harvey Trimingham, R.N.V.R. (G.S.)

Edmund Richard Harvey Tucker, Can. R.G.A. Commissioned 17/3/17.

Lt. Edward Stuart Tucker, U.S. Navy.

Arthur St. George Tucker, R.N., 25/3/15 to 25/1/18, Can. Navy to 5/6/19.

Pte. Newton Miles Usher, 237th Bn. C.E.F.

Sig Cyril Cairns Vallis, McGill Contingent, C.F.A., 7th Siege Battery, C.E.F.

Gr. F.B. Vallis, 4th Can. D.A.C., attd. 19th Bty. C.F.A.

Bom. Roy Appleby Virtue, 2nd Ammunition Col., C.E.F.

Bom. Roy Appleby Virtue, 2nd Ammunition Can. Col., Infy. C.E.F.

Cpt. Allan Charles Wingood, 8th Can. Infy. Bn., C.E.F. Went from Winnipeg to Valcartier in August 1914. Left Valcartier for England, Oct., 1914, with Fort Garry Horse, as Lt. Went to France, June, 1915. Promoted to Cpt., Feb. 1916. Killed at Courcelette, Sept. 16th, 1916. Member of Military Institute, Winnipeg. Adjutant of Highland Cadets, Winnipeg. Winnipeg, Mem ber of B.V.R.C., Bermuda, until leaving for in March, 1907.

Herman Walter Walker, 6th Rgt. Duke Connaughts’ Own Rifles, 2nd C.E.F.

Commissioned 2/Lt. and transferred to Royal Welsh Fusiliers, Sept. 1915, promoted Cpt.

Thomas Thelwall Waddington, 1st Sportsman’s Battn. Gaz. Oct., 1915, Lt. 7th Bn. Royal West Kents.

Chas. Barron Wainwight, Surgeon Royal Can. Naval Vol. Res. R.A. M.C., Prom. Cpt. June, 1916.

Darreil Wainwright, C.F.A.

Henry Bernard Logier Wilkinson, 2/Lt. R.A.F.

E. S. Remsen Ward, Machine Gun Corps (Navy Branch). Commissioned 26 Jan. 1917. Died from physical breakdown, 7 Dec., 1918.

Campbell Wilkinson, C.F.A.

W.V. Ross Winter, C.E.F. 1914-1918, R.C.A.S.C., DS. & T.O. M D. 7. St. John, New Brunswick. 1918-1924. Retired Cpt. June 23rd, 1924.

Herbert Zuill.

Pte. Wm. Edward Sears Zuill, 301st F. Sig. Bn. U.S. Army.

Pte. Chas. Adolphus Anderson, 10th Reserve Bn. C.E F.

Pte. Ivan Doers, 163rd Bn. C.E.F.

Pte. Lionel Arnot Jackson, 187th Bn. C.E.F., wounded and discharged as medically unfit.

Pte. Harold Clifford Johnston, 163rd Bn. C.E.F.

Rufus H. Samuel Lopex, Naval Volunteer Reserves. Served at Antwerp. Taken prisoner on Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse. Released. Joined King’s R.R. Wounded Sept., 1916. Transferred to W.I. Rgt.

L/Cpl. Herbert Arthur O’Neil, No. 2 Cons. Coy., U.S. Army.

Pte. W.R. Robinson, Can. Army Med. Corps.

Pte. Wm. Alpheus Ratteray, 10th Reserve Bn. C.E.F.

1st Class Cook, William Edmund Smith, R.N. Lost on H.M.S. Aboukir, 22 Sept., 1914.

Pte. Cecil James Symons, South Lancashire Regt.

Joseph Symons. Killed in action about 20th Oct., 1918.

Clerk Harold T. Trott, 318th Supply Corps, U.S. Prom. Sgt. 25/5/19.

Pte. Alfred Hoare Vallis, 116th Bn. C.E.F. Killed in action 27 Aug., 1918.

Pte. Reuben C. Williams, 17th Can. Reserve Bn.

Pte. Lawson Williams, 3rd Welsh Rgt.

9

Credits Compiled by The Bermuda Legion. Graphic design by Eatcake Design www.eatcakedesign.co.uk

The Bermuda Legion PO Box 454 Flatts, FL BX

Email: nosoldierleftbehind@hotmail.com bermudalegion@gmail.com

Tel: 293 3975 / 001 441 1179 190 091.

World-class music, poetry, writing and works of art were created at the time of the First World War. Here are some examples:

Writing‘All quiet on the Western Front’: Erich Maria Remarque (filmed in 1997 with Ernest Borgnine and Richard Thomas)

‘Goodbye to that’: Robert Graves

‘A Farewell to Arms’: Ernest Hemingway

‘The Pity of War’: Niall Ferguson

‘August 1914’: Alexander Solzhenitsyn

‘An Artist’s War: the Art and Letters of Morris and Alice Meredith’: Phyllida Shaw

Music‘Mars from The Planets’ and ‘Pastoral Symphony”: Gustav Holst

‘Pastoral Symphony’: Ralph Vaughan Williams

‘Banks of Green Willow’: Arthur Butterworh

“Le Tombeau de Couperin’: Maurice Ravel

All these composers served as soldiers in WW1

Poetry‘Sonnets’: Rupert Brooke

‘Before Action’: W N Hodgson

‘In Flanders Fields’: John McRae

‘Dulce et Decorum Est’: Wilfred Owen

‘How to Die’: Seigfried Sassoon

Art/SculptureJohn Singer Sargeant

William Orpen

Paul and John Nash

Phillip Conrad

Kathe Kollwicz

Stanley Spencer

‘The Warriors’ Window’ in Holy Trinity Anglican Cathedral: Morris and Alice Meredith