BELLWORKBELLWORK For bellwork For bellwork

today, you are today, you are going to focus on going to focus on the status of the status of Puerto Rico. For Puerto Rico. For each argument, each argument, list the advantages list the advantages & disadvantages. & disadvantages.

When you are When you are finished, explain finished, explain your personal your personal thoughts! In your thoughts! In your opinion, what opinion, what should the status should the status of Puerto Rico be of Puerto Rico be and why?!? Be and why?!? Be ready to discuss ready to discuss your answers!your answers!

AdvantagesAdvantages DisadvantagesDisadvantages

Current Current common-common-wealthwealth

““Enhanced”Enhanced” common-common-wealthwealth

StatehoodStatehood

Independ-Independ-enceence

BRAINSTORM!BRAINSTORM! Although imperialism solidified America’s role as a Although imperialism solidified America’s role as a

global power, many problems still existed within the global power, many problems still existed within the U.S. With a partner, brainstorm at least five problems U.S. With a partner, brainstorm at least five problems that existed in America at the turn of the century. that existed in America at the turn of the century.

HINT: A lot of these problems were brought on by HINT: A lot of these problems were brought on by industrialization…….industrialization…….

Problems – political corruptionProblems – political corruption

Tammany Hall: Tammany Hall: Democratic Party Democratic Party Political MachinePolitical Machine

Political Machine: Political Machine: a a group the controls the group the controls the activities of a political activities of a political partyparty

Controlled NYC Controlled NYC politics/electionspolitics/elections

Took bribes & offered Took bribes & offered favors for votesfavors for votes

Problems Problems – Social – Social

inequalityinequalityLynching: murder by mob without a trial; often, racially motivated

Problems – Problems – growth of citiesgrowth of cities

Problems – Problems – growth of citiesgrowth of cities

Urbanization: the rapid and massive growth of cities; brought on by immigration & industrialization

Problems – Industrial DisorderProblems – Industrial Disorder

Problems - monopoliesProblems - monopoliesMonopoly or Trust: the exclusive possession or control of a commodity or industry

Carnegie’s NY house (left) & Rockefeller’s RI house (below)

Cornelius Vanderbilt: Cornelius Vanderbilt: shipping and railroadshipping and railroad

J.P. Morgan:J.P. Morgan:U.S. Steel CorporationU.S. Steel Corporation

Problems – Problems – Child LaborChild Labor

Problems - EnvironmentProblems - Environment

Problems – Labor ConditionsProblems – Labor Conditions

Union: organization of workers fighting for a common cause

Strike: organized work stoppage

Problems – Problems – internal internal dissentdissent

Socialism: An economic theory that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the government.(in Marxist theory, its viewed as a transitional social state between the overthrow of capitalism and the realization of communism)

ProgressivismProgressivism

Social, Political, and Economic Social, Political, and Economic Reforms: 1901-1918Reforms: 1901-1918

ProgressivismProgressivism Progressive Progressive

Movement:Movement: Effort to Effort to reform the U.S. and reform the U.S. and preserve its preserve its democratic values.democratic values.

Confronted the Confronted the problems caused by problems caused by industrialization and industrialization and urbanization. urbanization.

The progressives The progressives dominated politics in dominated politics in the 1900’s as they the 1900’s as they tried to combat tried to combat society’s problems. society’s problems.

Progressive IdealsProgressive Ideals Focus on housing Focus on housing

shortages, political shortages, political corruption, and high crime corruption, and high crime rates. rates.

Feared the wealthy few Feared the wealthy few had too much power and had too much power and could easily buy their could easily buy their popularity.popularity.

Lived in urban areasLived in urban areas Believed a well-run Believed a well-run

government could protect government could protect public interest and restore public interest and restore order to society.order to society.

Important ProgressivesImportant Progressives Jane AddamsJane Addams: :

Disturbed by all the Disturbed by all the neglected children and neglected children and homeless immigrants. homeless immigrants.

Created the Created the Hull House:Hull House: Community center Community center where people could where people could learn English, discuss learn English, discuss politics, and have their politics, and have their children watched over children watched over (nursery). (nursery).

“Action indeed is the sole medium for the expression of ethics.”

“America’s future will be determined by the home and school. The child becomes largely what he is taught; hence, we must watch what we teach, and how we live.”

Important ProgressivesImportant Progressives

Muckrakers: Muckrakers: writers writers who motivated the who motivated the public by highlighting public by highlighting social issues. social issues.

Attacked wealthy Attacked wealthy corporations, child corporations, child labor, corrupt police, labor, corrupt police, prostitution rings, and prostitution rings, and corrupt churches. corrupt churches.

Ida Tarbell

Ida TarbellIda Tarbell The oil men as a class had been brought up to The oil men as a class had been brought up to

enormous profits, and held an entirely false enormous profits, and held an entirely false standard of values. As explained once in a standard of values. As explained once in a sensible editorial, "their business was born in a sensible editorial, "their business was born in a balloon going up, and spent all its early years balloon going up, and spent all its early years in the sky." They had seen nothing but the in the sky." They had seen nothing but the extreme of fortune. One hundred per cent per extreme of fortune. One hundred per cent per annum on an investment was in their judgment annum on an investment was in their judgment only a fair profit. If their oil property had not only a fair profit. If their oil property had not paid for itself entirely in six months, and begun paid for itself entirely in six months, and begun to yield a good percentage, they were inclined to yield a good percentage, they were inclined to think it a failure. They were notoriously to think it a failure. They were notoriously extravagant in the management of their extravagant in the management of their business. Rarely did an oil man write a letter if business. Rarely did an oil man write a letter if he could help it. He used the telegraph instead. he could help it. He used the telegraph instead. Whole sets of drilling tools were sometimes Whole sets of drilling tools were sometimes sent by express. It was no uncommon thing to sent by express. It was no uncommon thing to see near a oilrig broken tools which could see near a oilrig broken tools which could easily have been mended, but which the owner easily have been mended, but which the owner had replaced by new ones. It was anything to had replaced by new ones. It was anything to save bother with him. Frequently wells were save bother with him. Frequently wells were abandoned which might have been pumped on abandoned which might have been pumped on a small but sure profit. The simple fact was that a small but sure profit. The simple fact was that the profits which men in trades all over the the profits which men in trades all over the country were glad enough to get, the oil country were glad enough to get, the oil producers despised. producers despised.

Important ProgressivesImportant Progressives Upton Sinclair: Upton Sinclair: showed showed

unsanitary factory unsanitary factory conditions in his novel, conditions in his novel, The JungleThe Jungle..

Caused the government Caused the government to pass the to pass the Pure Food Pure Food and Drug Act: and Drug Act: Federal Federal inspection of meat inspection of meat products and regulation products and regulation of pesticide use.of pesticide use. Currently, the FDA: Currently, the FDA:

(Food and Drug (Food and Drug Administration)Administration)

“ “There would come all the way back from Europe old There would come all the way back from Europe old sausage that had been rejected, and that was moldy sausage that had been rejected, and that was moldy and white – it would be dosed with borax and glycerin, and white – it would be dosed with borax and glycerin, and dumped into the hoppers, and made over again and dumped into the hoppers, and made over again for home consumption. There would be meat that had for home consumption. There would be meat that had tumbled out on the floor, in the dirt and sawdust, tumbled out on the floor, in the dirt and sawdust, where the workers had tramped and spit uncounted where the workers had tramped and spit uncounted billions of consumption germs. There would be meat billions of consumption germs. There would be meat stored in great piles in rooms’ and the water from stored in great piles in rooms’ and the water from leaky roofs would drip over it, and thousands of rats leaky roofs would drip over it, and thousands of rats would race about on it. It was too dark in these would race about on it. It was too dark in these storage places to see well, but a man could run his storage places to see well, but a man could run his hand over these piles of meat and sweep off handfuls hand over these piles of meat and sweep off handfuls of the dried dung of rats. These rats were nuisances, of the dried dung of rats. These rats were nuisances, so the packers would put poisoned bread out for them, so the packers would put poisoned bread out for them, they would die, and then rats, poisoned bread, and they would die, and then rats, poisoned bread, and meat would go into the hoppers together.”meat would go into the hoppers together.”

- Upton Sinclair, - Upton Sinclair, The Jungle,The Jungle, 1906 1906

Progressive PresidentsProgressive PresidentsRoosevelt, Taft & WilsonRoosevelt, Taft & Wilson