Bellwork: Explain Darwin's theory of evolution

IMPERIALISM

New Imperialism- 1884 - 1914

European Countries Take Over

•Africa

• Middle East

•India

•China

•Japan

• East Asia

New Imperialism

The extension of a nation’s power over other lands.

Want direct control

Colonialism is a synonym for Imperialism

From 1850 to 1914, the strong, industrialized nations of Europe used imperialism

to seize colonies & dominate the local gov’ts & economies in Africa & Asia

$$$$$ Economic Causes $$$$$

• Factories Needed Natural Resources like:

Rubber, Petroleum, Manganese for steel,

Palm oil for machines

• Wanted new markets to sell factory goods

• Colonies gave Europe’s growing population places to move to

Political & Military Causes

• naval ships needed bases around world to take on coal & supplies so islands and harbors were taken over

• Nationalism: countries felt ruling a global empire increased their nation's prestige around the world

Social Causes

• Missionaries believed they should Christianize the “ heathens”

• Europeans felt sense of cultural superiority:

“ Social Darwinism” – “survival of the fittest”

“White Mans Burden” - Westerners thought they were superior & more advanced, so they had a responsibility to share what they had.

They must “Christianize” them.

Many missionaries

traveled to colonized

countries to share their

religion.

Technological Causes

• Europeans had powerful armies & navies

• Superior technology”:

Riverboats, Steam driven warships

New Medicines – quinine to fight malaria

Maxim machine guns, repeating rifles

In Africa1885-1914

The Scramble For AfricaEuropean Nations raced to take over Africa first

In 1884, 14 nations met at the Congress of Berlin to “set the rules” for colonizing in Africa

Quick class discussion:What kind of rules do you think they came up with?

Any nation could claim land in Africa by notifying other nations & showing it could control the area

No African nations were invited to attend; No concern was given to ethic divisions in Africa

The most dominant imperial power in Africa

was Great Britain

England

South Africa

Egypt

India

What was the impact of European imperialism in Africa?

Europeans introduced new technologies like

railroads, telegraph lines, & steamboats…

…but transportation routes only connected areas that benefited

European businessmenEuropeans brought an

end to the slave trade… …but Africans were paid low wages & exploited

Africans rebelled against European rule, but were defeated due to advanced European weaponry

Imperialism In India

Britain controlled India

Britain had so many colonies that it was said that the “sun never set on the British Empire”

Among all of Britain’s colonies, the most valuable was India

Sepoy rebellion

In 1857 Some Indians tried

to rebel, but failed to kick out

the British

In China

China split into Spheres of Influence –each imperial country could trade inside

their sphere

Imperialism: China: Spheres of Influence

The division of China worried the USA that it would be shut out

of Chinese trade

In 1899, the USA proposed an Open Door Policy in China

so merchants from all nations can trade freely

The growth of foreign influence, poverty among peasants, & Christianity upset many Chinese

In 1900, frustrated Chinese led the

Boxer Rebellion to expel foreigners from China

An army of British, French, American

soldiers finally ended the Boxer Rebellion

Imperialism in Japan

Essential Question:–What was the impact of

western imperialism on Japan?

Western imperialism in Asia dramatically

changed Japan

Title

Japan was isolated and refused

Western trade

Critical Thinking Decision #1:

The Arrival of Americans in 1853

In 1853, U.S. Commodore Matthew Perry arrived in Tokyo

Harbor with armed ships & demanded that the Japanese

trade with the USA

Japan agreed to trade with the U.S.

Everyone else traded with Japan too

■ Text

Emperor Mutsuhito took control of the government & took

the title “Meiji” (“enlightened rule”)

The Meiji Restoration

Japan had a

revolution

Wanted to get rid of foreign influence =

Modernize

Japan sent diplomats to Europe & America to study

Western ways & adapt them to their own country

Imperialism by the US

Quick Class Discussion: Based on this image, what important changes

took place in the United States from 1783 to 1900?

Why expand?

USA claimed its “Manifest Destiny”

and took all land from the east-west coast

They expanded for the same reasons as everyone else

The United States: 1860-1900U.S. Territorial Expansion:

The USA expanded beyond North America

and imperialized by gaining new colonies in Latin America and Asia

Why did the United States imperialize?

Americans felt the need to keep up with European imperialists

The U.S. had a modern navy and belief that it could compete

with other powerful nations

Why did the United States imperialize?

Like Europeans, Americans believed in Social Darwinism and that they had a duty to “civilize” the “inferior races”

of the world

So, what did the USA gain during Age of Imperialism?

USA gained:

■Hawaii

■Puerto Rico

■Philippines

■Panama Canal

By the 20th century, the United States

was a world leader in industry and had one of the world’s

most powerful militaries

Imperialism in Asia and Latin America transformed the

United States into a major world power

PROBLEMS

Many countries unhappy with being taken over

Led to rivalries among developed countries.

Positives

- Many positive things spread around the world during imperialism

- Education

- Medical care

- Religion

- industrialization

On a separate sheet of paper.

Explain: How did Imperialism and Industrialization relate to one another?

Argue: Was Imperialism a positive or negative development in history?

Think of this as two open note quiz questions