BELLWORK• For bellwork today, you are going to read about

the Hundred Years’ War (pgs. 149-150)• As you read, complete the history frame

worksheet on the back of your Crusades packet.

• A history frame is a graphic way to represent a historical event, almost like a story board for a film!

• Focus on the main points! Summarize! • I will collect this packet after bellwork.

Review: Causes of the Crusades• “I, or rather the Lord, beseech you

as Christ's heralds to publish this everywhere to people of whatever rank, foot-soldiers and knights, poor and rich, to carry aid promptly to those Christians and to destroy that vile race from the lands of our friends. I say this to those who are present, it is meant also for those who are absent. Moreover, Christ commands it.”

The First Crusade • 1096-1099

• Ended with the Christian capture of Jerusalem

The Second Crusade

• 1147-1149

• In response to the fall of the County of Edessa (one of the first crusader states established during First Crusade)

• Muslims regained their territory

The Third Crusade • 1189-1192• In response to the loss of Jerusalem to Muslims.• Although the Christians did not recapture Jerusalem,

Richard I, was able to capture Acre, which became the Templars’ headquarters for the next century.

Effects of the Crusades

From one war to the next……

• Political power gradually shifted from feudal nobles to kings

• Influence of the clergy and nobles diminished

• Despite the strengthening of monarchy and central government, feudal disputes continued to spark conflict throughout Europe.

The Hundred Years’ War

• 1337-1453: Kings of France and England fought over control of French territory and the French throne.

• England won the early battles because of their military superiority.

Joan of Arc• Joan of Arc: using “divine guidance,”

she led a French army and ended the English siege of Orleans.

• Joan later became a prisoner of the English and was burned to her death.

• Inspired by Joan’s courage, the French rallied and drove the English out.

• England no longer held any French territory.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Joan_of_Arc-Notre_Dame.jpg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Jeanne_d%27Arc_Joan_of_Arc_at_San_Francisco%27s_Palace_of_the_Legion_of_Honor_and_crepuscular_rays.jpg

Effects of Hundred Years’ War• National unity in both France and

England

• Decline of Feudalism

• New technology of fighting

• Monarchs replaced feudal soldiers with actual national armies

• Increased taxes to rebuild their countries

• Europe went through a period of revival

MAIN IDEA!• The Crusades & 100

Years War advanced Western Europe….. Towns grew, trade expanded, education increased, and the arts thrived. People also began to question leadership.

• Both conflicts, although devastating, brought positive changes to culture, government and society.

Gothic Art & Architecture

The Mongols• During the 1100’s, the Mongols became the dominant

nomadic group in central Asia.• Mongolia: steppe, pastures, isolated• At first, Mongols were divided into separate clans until

1206 when Temujin organized them under one government.

• Military leadership was based on skill - expert fighters on horseback, used bow and arrow, & organized men into cavalry units

• As a result of his success, Temujin was recognized as khan (absolute ruler) and renamed Genghis Khan (universal ruler)

• Goal was to create a large empire & conquer others

The Mongols

Genghis Khan

• Died in 1227• Still celebrated in

Mongolia• Burial ground; statue 131

feet!

Engineering an Empire: Mongols

• As you watch the video, continue your notes on the Mongols, focus on:– Important people and their successes– Military tactics & advances– Mongol society & culture – Conflict