bellwork 1.describe fdr’s attempt to “pack the supreme court.” why did he want to do this?...
TRANSCRIPT
BELLWORK
1. Describe FDR’s attempt to “pack the Supreme Court.” Why did he want to do this? What was the outcome?
2. Who was Father Coughlin?
3. Who was Senator Huey Long?
4. Why did conservatives oppose FDR?
5. What was the Glass-Stegall Banking Act?
• When you’re done, gather all bellwork from the past two weeks (6 stamps total). I will collect it shortly.
• After the Depression began to slow down Americans still pinched pennies, avoided buying with credit, and hid money under their mattresses.
• Farmers stick together using penny auctions: when a farmer’s land was foreclosed, the bank would auction it off for low prices. Buyers would eventually give the land back to its owners.
Surviving the Great Depression
In Search of a Better Life…..• Young people left
their homes and began riding illegally on the rails of freight trains.
• Risked being injured, arrested, or shot at by angry farmers.
• People still trusted the political process
• Others turned to communism
• Decrease of crime and gangsters• Opening of the Empire State Building
• Engineering feats; such as Mt. Rushmore and the Hoover Dam
• By the mid 1930’s it was clear that the depression era was coming to an end.
Signs of Change
End of The New Deal• Recession of 1937: In August, the economy
collapsed again and the nation entered a recession. Hard times lasted until 1941.
End of The New Deal• Due to the federal protection under the
New Deal, labor unions dramatically increased.
• Membership
–1933: 3 Million
–1941: 10.5 Million
• Now that unions had the support to strike, many engaged in protests and sit-down strikes.
Lasting New Deal Achievements• Public Works and Federal Agencies
–Bridges, dams, tunnels, public buildings, hospitals
–TVA, FDIC, Security Exchange Commission (stocks)
• Social Security–In 1939, changed the weaknesses of the
system–Raised benefit amounts and monthly
benefit checks; disability checks
New Deal’s Effect on Culture• Literature
– The Good Earth, Gone With the Wind, The Grapes of Wrath, Of Mice and Men
• Radio and Movies– Comedy shows, soap operas, fireside chats, and
drive-in theatres.
• The Arts– Federal art projects provided jobs to artists,
photographers, musicians, historians, and writers.
Thomas Hart Benton
• American Gothic, by Grant Wood
• 1930• A farmer and his
daughter• Modeled by the
artists’ dentist and sister
• Symbolizes the traditional gender roles: labor & domestic
New Deal Photography
• What do you think photographers took pictures of during the Great Depression?
• Increased popularity of Documentary Photography
• Purpose: highlight the issues Americans were facing; call for government action
Negro Barber Shop Interior, Atlanta
• Produced in 1937; Walker Evans• Tightly cropped interior space, void of
human figures• The shop is neat and tidy, but at the same
time the scene is cluttered• Rich in detail and texture (notice
smoothness of barber chairs against roughness of wall)
Dorothea Lange
Context of Migrant Mother
• Florence Owens Thompson, age 32. • left: Katherine, 4 right: Ruby, 5 baby: Norma, 1• Originally from Oklahoma, Thompson was on
her second trip to California when her car broke down.
• Lange assumed Thompson was a pea picker when she took the picture.
• Narrative details weren’t important from an academic standpoint, so Lange didn’t ask questions.
Berenice Abbot
Contrasting No. 331 East 39th Street with Chrysler Building and Daily News Building,
Manhattan
• Architects tried to alleviate the depressed vibe of American citizens by encouraging growth and the feeling of progression through the construction of skyscrapers.
• Contrasting (1938) sets up a dramatic combination between the old and quickly disappearing, like heavy brick building, New York and the new lighter skyscrapers.
• Different from the works of the FSA because it was not set in a rural setting, and did not express a political agenda.
• President Hoover made stamp collecting the most popular hobby.
• 1935: Monopoly introduced; sold 20,000 in the first week.
• Horse racing became legal• Fur was the new fashion trend. • Average salary was $1,368• The most popular toys of the decade were
jump ropes, yoyo’s, and roller skates
1930’s FUN FACTS!
Great Depression Cartoon Strip• For review over this unit, you will create
a six panel cartoon illustrating the stages of the Great Depression.
• Each panel will represent a different stage of the Depression
• Must be historically accurate, neat, and creative.
• Each panel must also contain a sentence or description.
The Six Panels1. Stock Market Crash
2. Effect on Americans
3. The Great Depression
4. Dust Bowl
5. Election of 1932
6. New Deal
• This is worth 30 points! 5 points for each panel – graded on picture, color, sentence, and understanding
New Deal Photography• Roy Stryker – director of the Historical Section
photographic projects of the Farm Security Administration.
• Farm Security Administration (FSA) – originally known as the Resettlement Administration, the FSA was created to improved the conditions of farmers, tenants, and poor landowning farmers.
• Stryker’s goal was to increase public awareness of the work of the FSA and to gather support.
• Stryker had strong connections in the media, allowing him to promote stories in newspapers, magazines, and often art galleries and museums.
Walker Evans
Walker Evans
• Evans first began photographing in Paris in 1926 as a hobby.
• When he returned to the US in 1927, he photographed on the side while he worked day jobs to support himself.
• He met Roy Stryker in 1935, who hired him for the FSA. Styker had a clear political agenda for his work, but Evans strongly opposed propaganda.
Negro Barber Shop Interior, Atlanta
• Produced in 1937• Tightly cropped interior space, void of
human figures• The shop is neat and tidy, but at the same
time the scene is cluttered• Rich in detail and texture (notice
smoothness of barber chairs against roughness of wall)
Dorothea Lange
Dorothea Lange
• First began photography in New York, then moved to begin a portrait studio in San Francisco in 1919.
• Collaborated with her husband, an economics professor, on projects that addressed poverty in rural California, focusing on the conditions of migrant workers and sharecroppers.
• In contrast to Evans, Lange sought to promote and support migrant camps by the way of her images.
Migrant Mother
• Part of a shoot for the FSA in March 1936• An iconic photograph of the Great Depression• Contrast between light and dark is subtle,
allowing the artist to capture details, such as the textures of clothing.
• Only one of the five images Lange produced in one shoot; this one is the most tightly cropped, focusing on the mother’s facial expression while others focus on the general camp.
Context of Migrant Mother
• Florence Owens Thompson, age 32. • left: Katherine, 4 right: Ruby, 5 baby: Norma, 1• Originally from Oklahoma, Thompson was on
her second trip to California when her car broke down.
• Lange assumed Thompson was a pea picker when she took the picture.
• Narrative details weren’t important from an academic standpoint, so Lange didn’t ask questions.
Berenice Abbot
Berenice Abbot
• First began to study sculpture in New York, 1918• Moved to Paris, 1921, and found her artistic
sensibilities attracted to photography, not sculpture
• 1926, Abbot had her first solo exhibition in Paris, which led her to establish her own studio
• Returned to the U.S. in 1929 and was struck by the growing metropolis
• She proposed a documentary survey project for the WPA/FAP, titled “Changing New York”.
Contrasting No. 331 East 39th Street with Chrysler Building and Daily News Building,
Manhattan
• Architects tried to alleviate the depressed vibe of American citizens by encouraging growth and the feeling of progression through the construction of skyscrapers.
• Contrasting (1938) sets up a dramatic combination between the old and quickly disappearing, like heavy brick building, New York and the new lighter skyscrapers.
• Different from the works of the FSA because it was not set in a rural setting, and did not express a political agenda.
• President Hoover made stamp collecting the most popular hobby.
• 1935: Monopoly introduced; sold 20,000 in the first week.
• Horse racing became legal• Fur was the new fashion trend. • Average salary was $1,368• The most popular toys of the decade were
jump ropes, yoyo’s, and roller skates
1930’s FUN FACTS!
Great Depression Cartoon Strip• For review over this unit, you will create
a six panel cartoon illustrating the stages of the Great Depression.
• Each panel will represent a different stage of the Depression
• Must be historically accurate, neat, and creative.
• Each panel must also contain a sentence or description.
The Six Panels1. Stock Market Crash
2. Effect on Americans
3. The Great Depression
4. Dust Bowl
5. Election of 1932
6. New Deal
• This is worth 30 points! 5 points for each panel – graded on picture, color, sentence, and understanding