Bellwork 12/3/15 • Barzun starts this chapter by laying out the historical

roots of the French Revolution. Using the second

paragraph on page 425, follow the outline below to

write a good introduction paragraph for an

imaginary 5-paragraph essay: o Sentence 1: State briefly what happened, giving a century and a

location.

o Sentence 2: Explain how the Protestant Reformation led to the French

Revolution.

o Sentence 3: Explain how the Monarchical Revolution led to the French

Revolution.

o Sentence 4: Explain how the Enlightenment led to the French Revolution.

o Sentence 5: Summarize the three historical roots of the French Revolution.

• Congratulations! You have just written a solid

introduction paragraph!

Quiz 12/3/15 1) What was the famous political club called which

came to be known for “rabble-rousing radicalism”

2) Name one of the two direct legacies of the French

Revolution (listed bottom 428)

3) In the last paragraph you read last night, what

area of study was reformed and improved

between 1790-1815?

Extra Credit: Who was the administrator par

excellence who was called the “Organizer of Victory”

and was in charge of raising 750,000 men for the

nation?

Grading the Quiz 1) Jacobins

2) Nationalism and Liberalism

3) Medicine

Extra Credit: Carnot

Notes 12/3/15 • 1789 – Outbreak of the French Revolution

o Later merged with the epic story of Napoleon Bonaparte

o Source of our political and social system

o By simply being born, you have certain inherent rights

o Three sources:

• Protestant Reformation

o Christian liberty; every has free and equal access to God

• Monarchical Revolution

o Lowered prestige and power of nobility under kings’

o Everyone, even nobles, are subject to the king

• Enlightenment

o Constitutions; Rights;

o The right to revolt;

o No more belief in God-appointed government;

o Education; etc.

• Started in mid-1789 when the Third Estate of the Estates

General met o The French Estates General was their parliament

o Founded in the 1300s

o Rarely used

o Had First, Second, and Third Estate members

• First – Clergy

• Second – Nobility

• Third – Workers, peasants, bourgeoisie, etc. (98% of France’s population)

o Financial crisis forces King to summon them…

• Orders meet and vote as separate bodies (Bad for 3rd…)

• Invited First and Second Estates representatives join them (some clergy did)

• Third met alone, declares themselves NATIONAL ASSEMBLY

• Louis XVI locked them out of their meeting building

• So they met in an indoor tennis court instead

• They vowed to each other not to quit meeting until they had formed a new

constitution for France

• 1789 began a quarter-century of violence o 1789-1792 beginning of call for change/constitutional monarchy

o 1793-1794 Republic/WAR/The Reign of Terror

o 1794-1799 Thermidorean Reaction/Directory

o 1799-1804 The rise of Napoleon Bonaparte

o 1804-1815 The Emperorship of Napoleon

Bellwork 12/3/15 • Finish and/or perfect your bellwork from

yesterday. Using the second paragraph on

page 425, follow the outline below to write a

good introduction paragraph for an

imaginary 5-paragraph essay: o Sentence 1: State briefly what happened, giving a century and a

location.

o Sentence 2: Explain how the Protestant Reformation led to the

French Revolution.

o Sentence 3: Explain how the Monarchical Revolution led to the

French Revolution.

o Sentence 4: Explain how the Enlightenment led to the French

Revolution.

o Sentence 5: Summarize the three historical roots of the French

Revolution.

• Problem for revolutions… o Anyone who calls for stability will be called a traitor to the forward march

of liberty and equality

o Anyone who comes up with slightly different revolutionary ideas has to

go…

• Blunders of Louis XVI lost him the throne…

• The Jacobin Club o Name is used now in English to label rabble-rousing radicalism

o Really, at first, just like salons

o Leaders of most of the Revolution

o Some of them came to be known as the sans-culottes

• Meaning “without breeches” (wore low-class pants, not noble

breeches)

• Third Estate

• Three principles upheld throughout the Revolution o Sovereignty of the people

o Equality

o Honorable mediocrity (Rousseau’s and Jefferson’s ideal)

• Problem is, upholding ideas like this leads to o Anti-elitism in every way

• Abolish feudalism completely!

• January 21, 1793 – Louis XVI guillotined

Bellwork 12/4/15

• In at least 5 sentences, use the timeline we made in

class to describe the events which led up to the

French Revolution and describe the reaction of the

Paris working people and the rural peasants to the

rise of the National Assembly.

Bellwork 12/7/15 • Using the quote at the bottom of page 441, answer

the question below in at least five sentences

• How is it possible that a man described in such a

way could have been such an influence on the

West?

Quiz 12/7/15 1. To what country did Napoleon Bonaparte go in 1798

with 167 French scholars, scientists, and artists?

2. What languages were on the big block of granite found

at Rosetta by Napoleon’s group?

3. Which famous composer wrote the opera Fidelio in

which the governor of a prison decided to kill and bury

an outspoken prisoner for fear he will talk when the

Minister of State comes for an inspection of the prison?

4. Was Germaine de Stael a man or a woman?

5. Which country’s culture did de Stael argue had grown

out of the chivalric ideal and its literature?

Grading the Quiz 1. Egypt

2. Hieroglyphics, demotic, Greek

3. Beethoven

4. Woman

5. Germany

• The Reign of Terror o Food crisis was acute

o Government got entangled in wars all over Europe

• Expensive

• France’s central location makes continental war terrifying

o Robespierre led the Committee of Public Safety to

• Freeze prices

• Hunt down black marketeers

• Started sending agents throughout the country purging “suspects”

and “traitors” and their wives and children

• Agents out with armies in the rest of the continent would relieve

officers of command if suspected or if they ordered a retreat

• In 17 months, 2,000 heads rolled

o There is always some opposition

• Some could stay hidden, protected by notable “revolutionaries”

• Prominent ones had to flee (Emigres)

o To Austria, Prussia, tried to convince armies to go back and save

France

• Reign of Terror o Secularized France

• Changed the calendar

o 10 days in a week

o 3 decades (the new week) in a month

o Renamed the months (can’t have Roman emperors as month

names)

• Made clergy employees of the state

o Can thereby control them

• Took over Notre Dame Cathedral and renamed it “The Temple of

Reason”

• Started the celebration of Bastille day

• What drove the Revolution o Faith in the Enlightenment

• Universal Reason

• Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen

• EMANCIPATION from “centuries of oppression”

• Legacies of the Revolution o Napoleon -> fear in Europe -> WWI -> WWII -> Cold War, etc.

o Nationalism

• People groups wanting to be ruled by their own people

o Liberalism

• Individual Rights

• Representative Government

o Both defined 19th-century Europe

• Struggle to implant them

• Competition between the two

o Not just equality of opportunity, but equality of outcome

• How Napoleon forced Europe to nationalize o Napoleon’s soldiers thought they were all FRENCH

• Although they all came from various provinces with different dialects,

laws, customs, religious traditions

• The Revolution had unified all sorts of people against kingship, tradition

o They cared about that more than local identity

• Carried that idea to the nations they conquered

o Napoleon’s wide conquests inspired other people groups to nationalism

• The threat of Napoleon unified all sorts of people against the invader

• Creates nationalist movements in Germanies, Italian states, ect.

Bellwork 12/8 • Using the last paragraph on pg. 456 and the first full

paragraph on 457, answer the following question in

at least 5 sentences:

According to Sismondi, why did “misery result from

industrial progress” and why did capitalism make

enemies of labor (workers) and capital (employers)?

Quiz 1) How was Erasmus Darwin related to Charles

Darwin?

2) What social science did Simonde de Sismondi help

pioneer during this period?

3) Who wrote the Vindication of the Rights of

Women?

Grading the quiz 1) He was Charles’ grandfather

2) Economics (or Political Economy)

3) Mary Wollstonecraft (or Mary Godwin, married

name)

• People to remember of the “Long 19th Century” o Napoleon Bonaparte

• Born on the island of Corsica

o Controlled by Italy from the time Columbus was born there

o Controlled by France as of just years before Napoleon’s birth

• Attended military schools

o Known for excellence, but arrogance

• Artillery officer in the French Revolution

o Managed to avoid getting killed in Terror

• The Directory thought he was becoming too popular

o 1798 sent him to Egypt on a part-military, part-cultural mission

• Spread Enlightenment ideas

• Became vice-president of Egypt

• Found the Rosetta Stone

• Defeated by British in Alexandria harbor

o Abandoned a bunch of soldiers and fled home

o 1799 returned to France, began wresting power from the

Directory

Bellwork 12/10/15 • If you are in the trial (prosecution, defense,

witnesses) review your arguments, points you will

make.

• Students that are part of the National Convention,

read your part

• Right side of room: Mountain

• Middle: Plain

• Left side of room: Girondin

Bellwork 12/11/15 • Get out a blank piece of paper, give it the heading

“Napoleon Press Conference” and divide it into two

columns:

• 1) Domestic policy successes/failures

• 2) Foreign policy successes/failures

• As you take notes on these throughout the press

conference, think of any follow-up questions you

would like to ask Napoleon and his advisors. At the

end of the conference, audience members will be

able to ask questions.