BELLWORK1. What decisions were made at the Second

Continental Congress?2. Describe the Declaration of Independence.3. Why was the Battle of Saratoga important?4. What did the U.S. Constitution rule?5. What are the Bill of Rights?6. List at least three reasons for U.S. victory in the

American Revolution.7. THINKER: The French Revolution starts when

peasants stand up and revolt. What are some positive and negative effects of standing up against your government?

Revolution Comparison A lot of new laws and policies of the United States

were derived from the ideas of Enlightenment philosophers.

For review, we will compare three of the most important similarities.

For each concept, describe the Enlightenment philosopher and their belief, as well as, its impact on the U.S. government

Create this chart in your notes.

Map Quiz over the Americas on Friday!!!

North America (3 countries – U.S., Canada & Mexico)

Caribbean (10 countries) Central America (7 countries) South America (13 countries) Total: 33 countries You will be tested on 20 with a word bank!

Causes of the French Revolution

Vocabulary In your notes, define the following words:

Estate Tithe Bourgeoisie Coup d'état

Long-Term Factors: The Enlightenment: Encouraged freedom

and social justice The American Revolution: An example of

liberty and freedom Social Problems: The Estates System Political Conflict: Unfair absolute monarchy Economic Weakness: Expensive wars,

Lavish spending by kings

French Society: The Old Order Before 1789, France’s

class system was made of ESTATES (orders of society) and all French people belonged to 1 of 3 estates

The estates determined a person’s legal rights and status

The First Estate Made up of clergy About 1% of the

population Controlled 5 – 10% of

land in France Enjoyed many

privileges Did not have to pay

taxes

The Second Estate Made up of the nobility About 2% of the

population Owned 25% of land in

France Held high positions in the

government and military Owned large estates and

paid no taxes Incomes came mostly

from peasants living and working on their land

The Third Estate Made up of Middle Class

(bourgeoisie), peasants, and artisans

About 97% of population Middle Class (doctors, lawyers,

merchants) were educated and wealthy, but had no prestige or privileges

Looked to Enlightenment philosophers that spoke about freedom and social justice

Peasants owned 40% of land in France, but were forced to pay over half of their income to king, clergy and nobles

Members of this estate had no voice in government

Call For Change: In 1774, King Louis XVI

and wife Marie Antoinette came to power

The king was faced with severe debt and wanted to tax the First and Second Estates

The two estates refused to pay the taxes

The king was forced to call the Estates-General in 1789

The Estates-General The Estates-General was

made up of delegates from each estate and each estate was given I vote

With this type of voting, the clergy and nobility would vote together and always overrule the Third Estate

The Third Estate felt the vote should be based on the number of people in the estate, thus giving them the majority vote

The Tennis Court Oath Fearing a revolt, the king

locked the Third Estate out of their meeting place in the Estates-General

The Third Estate then declared themselves the National Assembly and began meeting in an indoor tennis court

Here, they took an oath called the Tennis Court Oath—refusing to disband until they had a written constitution for France

The Storming of the Bastille The Bastille (a Paris

prison) symbolized injustices of the monarchy

July 14, 1789 a mob surrounded the Bastille in an attempt to steal weapons needed to defend the National Assembly

The soldiers killed 98 rioters and the rioters released 7 prisoners

The Storming of the Bastille This outbreak led to the

formation of a Revolutionary Government in Paris

The Storming of the Bastille led to a wave of violence in France

This event is considered the beginning of the French Revolution

CLOSURE Describe the Estate System in France. Why did Louis XVI call the Estates-

General? How did the third estate feel about this?

What was the Tennis Court Oath? Why did a mob storm the Bastille? What

was the outcome?

Marie Antoinette Born in 1755 to the Emperor and Empress of Austria. After the Seven Years’ War, France needed to cement

their alliance with Austria, so Louis decided to take an Austrian wife.

When Marie Antoinette was 12, her entire family contracted small pox.

The disease killed her brother and two sisters – who was going to marry Louis?

Two years later, Louis paid 200,000 crowns ($11,000) for Marie’s hand in marriage.

Immediately, French citizens did not support the marriage because there remained high tensions between Austria and France.

Marie at age 13; this portrait was sent to Louis to see if he approved

Marie Antoinette

Marie and Louis had four children together: Marie-Therese Charlotte and Dauphin Louis Joseph.

After Louis’ birth, fighting between Austria and France broke out

This controversial portrait was considered “improper” for a queen

Marie Antoinette’s declining popularity Louis refused to allow his wife to participate in politics Austrian family was disappointed First son (Louis) was very ill, but Marie had a second

son France was in a huge economic downturn; could not

finance war French citizens felt she sided with Austria Parliament was dissolved Spent a lot of money on diamonds, clothing, palaces,

and art. Famous for the saying “Let them eat cake!”

Marie Antoinette During the French Revolution, Louis and Marie

were blamed for the majority of the country’s problems.

A mob broke into their palace Marie became a widow in January 1793 when

her husband was executed By this time, Marie’s health was deteriorating –

she had tuberculosis and cancer. Marie was tried by the Revolutionary Tribunal

and found guilty of treason. She was executed in October 1793, at the age of

37.

Homework Two of the main causes of the French Revolution

were the estates system, and lavish spending by the monarchy.

To review over these causes, you are going to complete a worksheet.

One side focuses on the characteristics of the estate system

The other side is a profile of Marie Antoinette