BELLWORKBELLWORK1.1. How was Germany divided after WWII?How was Germany divided after WWII?

2.2. When was the Berlin Wall built? Who built When was the Berlin Wall built? Who built it?it?

3.3. Why was the Berlin Wall built?Why was the Berlin Wall built?

4.4. What was the Berlin blockade?What was the Berlin blockade?

5.5. What was the Berlin airlift? Was it What was the Berlin airlift? Was it successful? successful?

6.6. THINKER: What is an arms race? How THINKER: What is an arms race? How could this be dangerous to American could this be dangerous to American security?security?

The Cold War Arms RaceThe Cold War Arms Race

In the Beginning…In the Beginning… After the U.S. dropped nuclear After the U.S. dropped nuclear

bombs on Japan, the world bombs on Japan, the world wanted their own nuclear bombs.wanted their own nuclear bombs.

This started an This started an arms race: arms race: competition between two or more competition between two or more countries for the best armed countries for the best armed forces. forces.

Each country competes to Each country competes to produce larger numbers of produce larger numbers of weapons, greater armies and weapons, greater armies and military technologies. military technologies.

UK, France, US, Soviet Union, UK, France, US, Soviet Union, and People’s Republic of China all and People’s Republic of China all produced nuclear weapons.produced nuclear weapons.

Soviet PowerSoviet Power American experts had American experts had

believed that the Soviet believed that the Soviet Union would not have Union would not have nuclear bombs until the mid nuclear bombs until the mid 50s. However, the Soviet 50s. However, the Soviet Union tested their first nuke Union tested their first nuke in 1949in 1949

The first bomb that the The first bomb that the Soviets tested was named Soviets tested was named Joe-One and the project Joe-One and the project was classified as “First was classified as “First Lightning”.Lightning”.

The whole world watched in The whole world watched in shock at the Soviet Union’s shock at the Soviet Union’s new weapon.new weapon.

Joe-One, the Soviets Joe-One, the Soviets first nuclear bomb, first nuclear bomb, was a copy of the was a copy of the American bomb, Fat American bomb, Fat Man.Man.

Although it was a Although it was a copy, it was much copy, it was much weaker.weaker.

Soviet Program VS American Soviet Program VS American ProgramProgram

Both parties believed Both parties believed that more nukes = that more nukes = more power! more power!

Soviet Union built Soviet Union built more nuclear more nuclear weapons with cheaper weapons with cheaper quality.quality.

Americans built fewer Americans built fewer nuclear weapons, but nuclear weapons, but with better quality.with better quality.

Hydrogen BombHydrogen Bomb• Both countries Both countries

worked frantically worked frantically to produce the first to produce the first hydrogen bomb. hydrogen bomb.

• The US detonated The US detonated the first H-Bomb in the first H-Bomb in November 1952.November 1952.

• The Soviets The Soviets exploded their H-exploded their H-Bomb in August Bomb in August 1955.1955.

Hydrogen Bomb ExplosionHydrogen Bomb Explosion

ICBMsICBMs• Intercontinental Ballistic Intercontinental Ballistic

MissilesMissiles• The most important The most important

development in terms of development in terms of nuclear delivery in the nuclear delivery in the 1950s.1950s.

• Missiles delivered bombs Missiles delivered bombs instead of bomber instead of bomber aircrafts.aircrafts.

• Missiles could now reach Missiles could now reach areas thousands of miles areas thousands of miles away.away.

Cuban Missile CrisisCuban Missile Crisis By 1962, the Soviet By 1962, the Soviet

Union had missiles Union had missiles stationed in Cuba.stationed in Cuba.

The U.S. had missiles The U.S. had missiles stationed in Turkey.stationed in Turkey.

This brought the world This brought the world on the brink of nuclear on the brink of nuclear war.war.

After 10 days of After 10 days of caution, President caution, President Kennedy and Kennedy and Khrushchev agree to Khrushchev agree to remove their missiles.remove their missiles.

Strategic nuclear missiles, warheads and throw-weights of United States and USSR, 1964-1982

Year Launchers Warheads Megatonnage

USA USSR USA USSR USA USSR

1964 2,416 375 6,800 500 7,500 1,000

1966 2,396 435 5,000 550 5,600 1,200

1968 2,360 1,045 4,500 850 5,100 2,300

1970 2,230 1,680 3,900 1,800 4,300 3,100

1972 2,230 2,090 5,800 2,100 4,100 4,000

1974 2,180 2,380 8,400 2,400 3,800 4,200

1976 2,100 2,390 9,400 3,200 3,700 4,500

1978 2,058 2,350 9,800 5,200 3,800 5,400

1980 2,042 2,490 10,000 6,000 4,000 5,700

1982 2,032 2,490 11,000 8,000 4,100 7,100

Mutual Assured DestructionMutual Assured Destruction• At the end of the At the end of the

Kennedy Administration, Kennedy Administration, both the US and the both the US and the USSR admitted their USSR admitted their vulnerability because of vulnerability because of nuclear equality.nuclear equality.

• Mutual Assured Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD): One Destruction (MAD): One country couldn’t attack country couldn’t attack the other because they the other because they would be attacked in would be attacked in return. return.

• Whoever shoots first, Whoever shoots first, dies second.dies second.

End of the Arms Race End of the Arms Race • Economic problems led to arms control Economic problems led to arms control

agreements beginning in the 1970s. This period agreements beginning in the 1970s. This period of time, known as détente.of time, known as détente.

• Détente: Détente: Both countries reduced their nuclear Both countries reduced their nuclear spending and stockpiles. spending and stockpiles.

• Strategic Arms Limitation TalksStrategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT): (SALT): limited the amount of nuclear weapons limited the amount of nuclear weapons produced.produced.

• Limited Test Ban Treaty:Limited Test Ban Treaty: banned nuclear banned nuclear testing above ground to prevent radiation testing above ground to prevent radiation poisoning poisoning

Post-Cold WarPost-Cold War

• As the Cold War warmed up, the U.S. and As the Cold War warmed up, the U.S. and Russia began to cut down on spending; Russia began to cut down on spending; fewer weapons were produced.fewer weapons were produced.

• Large amount of resources and money which Large amount of resources and money which was spent on developing weapons was spent was spent on developing weapons was spent on repairing the environmental damage on repairing the environmental damage produced by the nuclear arms race.produced by the nuclear arms race.

• All major production sites are now major All major production sites are now major clean-up sites. clean-up sites.

CLOSURECLOSUREWhat was the goal of the Arms Race?What was the goal of the Arms Race?What was the difference in America’s What was the difference in America’s

program vs. Soviet’s program?program vs. Soviet’s program?What are ICBM’s?What are ICBM’s?Why was the Cuban Missile Crisis such a Why was the Cuban Missile Crisis such a

dangerous event? What was the dangerous event? What was the outcome?outcome?

What is the M.A.D. Theory?What is the M.A.D. Theory?How did the Arms Race end?How did the Arms Race end?Was there a winner to this race? Explain!Was there a winner to this race? Explain!

SPACE RACESPACE RACE During the Cold War, both superpowers were not only During the Cold War, both superpowers were not only

racing to produce the most weapons, they were also racing to produce the most weapons, they were also competing in space!!! competing in space!!!

Who could get to space first? Who could launch the Who could get to space first? Who could launch the best satellite? Who could get to the moon first?best satellite? Who could get to the moon first?

To learn about important events within the Space To learn about important events within the Space Race, you will do research on the event and complete Race, you will do research on the event and complete a worksheet. a worksheet.

You will be browsing the internet in the library and You will be browsing the internet in the library and reading about important advances, programs, and reading about important advances, programs, and laws.laws.

This is an independent research assignment. This is an independent research assignment. Use your time effectively! Think of this as a chance to Use your time effectively! Think of this as a chance to

learn even more about US-Soviet conflicts. learn even more about US-Soviet conflicts.