Bellringer: Turn in your complete final draft

of Writing Assessment One to the basket WITH the rubric and rough draft attached.

No rubric will result in point deduction!

Romeo and Juliet

William Shakespeare

Essential Question

How have Shakespeare’s

writings helped to develop the English

Language?

William Shakespeare Widely regarded as the

greatest writer in English Literature

Actor for Lord Chamberlain’s Men (London theater co.)

Also > principal playwright for them

1599> Lord Ch. Co. built Globe Theater where most of Shakespeare’s play’s were performed.

He wrote Comedies, Histories and Tragedies.

Shakespeare’s Birthplace

Theatre Plays produced for the general

publicRoofless>open airNo artificial lightingCourtyard surrounded by 3 levels

of galleries

The Globe

Spectators Wealthy got benches.“Groundlings”>poorer people

stood and watched from the courtyard (“pit”)

All but wealthy were uneducated/illiterate

Much more interaction than today.

Differences No scenerySettings > references in dialogue

Elaborate costumesPlenty of propsFast-paced, colorful>2 hours!

Actors Only men and boysYoung boys whose voices had not

changed play women’s rolesWould have been considered

indecent for a woman to appear on stage

Romeo and Juliet is a Tragedy

Tragedy- In literature, the concept of tragedy refer to a series of unfortunate events by which one or more of the literary characters in the story undergo several misfortunes, which finally culminate into a disaster of ‘epic proportions’. Tragedy is generally built up in 5 stages: a) happy times b) the introduction of a problem c) the problem worsens to a crisis/ dilemma d) the characters are unable to prevent the problem from taking over e) the problem results in some catastrophic, grave ending, which is the tragedy culminated.

Review of Literary Devices SimileMetaphorImageryPersonificationDictionTone/MoodJuxtaposition Theme SymbolismAllusion

Characterization

Characterization is the process by which the writer reveals the personality of a character.

Characterization is revealed through direct characterization and indirect characterization.

Direct CharacterizationDirect Characterization tells the

audience what the personality of the character is.

Example: “The patient boy and quiet girl were both well mannered and did not disobey their mother.”

Explanation: The author is directly telling the audience the personality of these two children. The boy is “patient” and the girl is “quiet.”

Indirect Characterization Indirect Characterization shows things that

reveal the personality of a character. There are five different methods of indirect characterization:

Speech Thoughts Effect on others Actions Looks

Use the mnemonic device STEAL to remember the five types of indirect characterization.

Types of CharactersRound Characters: have many personality

traits, like real peopleFlat Characters: One-dimensional,

embodying only a single trait◦ Shakespeare often uses them to

provide comic relief even in a tragedyStatic Characters: remain the same.

They do not change. They do not change their minds, opinions or character

Dynamic Characters: change somehow during the course of the plot. They generally change for the better.

New Literary Terms Extended Metaphor: a metaphor

introduced and then further developed throughout all or part of a literary work, especially a poem.(Ex: The Road Not Taken).

Foreshadowing: Suggesting, hinting, indicating, or showing what will occur later in a narrative. Foreshadowing often provides hints about what will happen next. (Ex: Tiresias’ prophecy to Odysseus).

Irony: Three Types

Situational Irony: accidental events occur that seem oddly appropriate, such as the poetic justice of a pickpocket getting his own pocket picked. Something occurs that the audience does not expect.

Dramatic Irony: Dramatic irony (the most important type for literature) involves a situation in a narrative in which the reader knows something about present or future circumstances that the character does not know.

Verbal irony occurs when the speaker means something totally different than what he/she is saying.

PunA play on two words similar in sound

but different in meaning. (Ex: The church choir robes were too

long and needed to be hymned.)

One of the cleverest and most morbid puns in Romeo and Juliet comes as a joke from a fatally-stabbed Mercutio, who stops joking to explain that “tomorrow … you shall find me a grave man.” Grave means serious, but here it also alludes to his imminent death.

Double-entendre A figure of speech in which a

word or phrase can be understood in two ways, especially when one meaning is risqué.

Basically, a pun with a hidden sexual meaning.

Juxtapositiona literary device wherein the author

places a person, concept, place, idea or theme parallel to another. The purpose of juxtaposing two directly/indirectly related entities close together in literature is to highlight the contrast between the two and compare them. This literary device is usually used for etching out a character in detail, creating suspense or lending a rhetorical effect.

Paradox

paradox in literature refers to the use of concepts/ ideas that are

contradictory to one another, yet, when placed together they hold

significant value on several levels. The uniqueness of

paradoxes lies in the fact that a deeper level of meaning and significance is not revealed at first glace, but when it does

crystallize, it provides astonishing insight.

Oxymoron Oxymoron- pairs of contradictory

words.

Ex: Jumbo Shrimp

Foil A character who contrasts and

parallels the main character in a play or story.

Ex: Mercutio is a foil for Romeo; Benvolio and Tybalt are also foils.

Dramatic Terms Soliloquy: A monologue spoken by an actor at a point in the play when the

character believes himself to be alone. The technique frequently reveals a character's innermost thoughts, including his feelings, state of mind, motives or intentions. The soliloquy often provides necessary but otherwise inaccessible information to the audience. The dramatic convention is that whatever a character says in a soliloquy to the audience must be true, or at least true in the eyes of the character speaking.

Dramatic Monologue: A poem in which a poetic speaker addresses either the reader or an internal listener at length. It is similar to the soliloquy in theater, in that both a dramatic monologue and a soliloquy often involve the revelation of the innermost thoughts and feelings of the speaker.

Aside: In drama, a few words or a short passage spoken by one character to the audience while the other actors on stage pretend their characters cannot hear the speaker's words. It is a theatrical convention that the aside is not audible to other characters on stage.

Chorus: A group of singers who stand alongside or off stage from the principal performers in a dramatic or musical performance.

Motif Definition:  Any element, subject, idea or

concept that is constantly present through the entire body of literature.

Using a motif refers to the repetition of a specific theme dominating the literary work.

Motifs are very noticeable and play a significant role in defining the nature of the story, the course of events and the very fabric of the literary piece.

Motifs in Romeo and Juliet A motif is a recurring element, such as a type of

incident, a device, a reference, or verbal formula, which appears frequently in works of literature (Ex: hospitality in The Odyssey)

Paradoxical nature of life Ship/Bark Banking Earthly Celestial Destiny Education Light Darkness

Themes in Romeo and Juliet

Life is paradoxical. Destiny and free-will determine our

fate. Rules are meant to be broken.Good women become wives and

mothers.Love causes violence.Love transcends all limitations.

“Thanks Will!”Read the short informational

article “Thanks, Will!”

Complete a one page objective summary of the text for Homework!

Due Friday!

Homework: Due Friday! Read the short informational text,

“Thanks Will!” and provide a one page objective summary of the text.

This is your second homework grade for this 9 weeks!

BellringerTake out your “Thanks Will!”

articleOpen Green text to pg. 771and Have out your Background Notes

from yesterday. Also, locate your literary terms

for Unit Three.

What is a Prologue? a prologue is a section of any

introductory material before the first chapter or the main material of a prose work, or any such material before the first stanza of a poetic work.

Romeo and Juliet Prologue Follow along while you watch the

Prologue of the 1996 version of Romeo and Juliet.

Think-Pair Share: Get with partner and paraphrase the prologue.

Act 1 Make sure to keep up with notes

focusing on literary devices:◦Foreshadowing◦Metaphor◦Paradox◦Oxymoron◦ Juxtaposition◦Pun◦Foil◦Characterization ◦ Imagery

Act 1Examine the opening lines of

Tybalt, Benvolio, Juliet, Paris, Lord Capulet, Nurse, and Romeo.

What is revealed about the characters?

Socratic Seminar expectations Your quiz grades for Pride and Prejudice

will be made up by your preparation, participation, and a short ticket-to-leave response based on whole class discussion of the novel.

Complete the planning guide provided:30 points

Participate effectively in discussion: 50 points

Ticket-to-Leave: 20 points.

What do I need to bring with me? In class, we will use the edition

we have in class, so that when we refer to page numbers, everyone is on the same page (literally!).

Complete Planning GuideHomework Questions completed

through Volume One (Chapter 23).

Writing Assessment Two Focusing on Shakespeare’s theme, the

paradoxical nature of life, use Acts 1 and 2 of Romeo and Juliet to explain how Shakespeare conveys the idea through literary and poetic devices. Examine his use of characterization, sound devices, imagery, juxtaposition, and foil, among other terms. Point to specific textual quotes and details throughout your discussion to substantiate your thesis statement.

Keep up with the opposites used as we read. In addition to your notes, you have

a purple graphic organizer to record evidence of juxtaposition and paradoxes used to further the theme of Life is Paradoxical.

Be sure to record quotes. This will make writing your essay

MUCH easier.