Bellringer

• List the two things that make up the cell membrane.

• What does it mean to be selectively permeable?

From the lab, Order of the items…

• Biggest: ?

• Smallest: ?

• Where do the pores fit in?

Sizes of Molecules…

• Water (H2O)

• Iodine (I2K)

• Glucose (C6H12O6)

• Food Coloring (~450 atoms)

• Starch (~1000 atoms)

So…how big are the pores of the membrane? Make an estimate (with an explanation) on the back side of your questions!!!

Fluid Mosaic Model

• http://www.susanahalpine.com/anim/Life/memb.htm

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ULR79TiUj80

Role of the membrane?

• Selective permeability

Roles of the membrane proteins

• Move stuff across the membrane that can’t get across on its own

• Recognition – like nametags

• Receptors – trigger cellular responses

• Enzymes

How does the membrane regulate movement of molecules?

• It’s structure dictates!!

Cell Membrane

• Cell Membrane Animation • Made of phospholipids and proteins• Molecules move into and out of a cell through the

cell membrane• The cell membrane is selectively permeable• How certain molecules move through the cell is

called cell transport– Passive Transport– Active Transport

Questions

• What happens when you spray air freshener or perfume?

• What happens when you put food coloring in water?

• THIS IS DIFFUSION!!!! Diffusion is also one way things are transported across the cell membrane

What is concentration?

• Amount of solute in a certain amount of solvent…think about kool-aid…– Solvent – what does the dissolving (liquid)– Solute – what is dissolved in the solvent– Which is more concentrated?

Passive Transport

• Particles move from high concentration to low concentration

• Does NOT require extra cell energy• Includes simple diffusion, osmosis,

facilitated diffusion

SIMPLE DIFFUSION

• Movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration

• Does not require energy (PASSIVE)– Because molecules are in constant, random,

motion!

• Will diffuse until reaches equilibrium (equal concentrations)

• Dynamic equilibrium (still moving!)

Diffusion

Dynamic

Equilibrium

For lab…

• To the tube, add:

–Glucose solution

–Starch

• To the beaker, add:

–Water

–Iodine

Make a hypothesis….

• Will the glucose move? Which way? Why or why not?

• Will the iodine move? Which way? Why or why not?

• Will the starch move? Which way? Why or why not?

Flea Diffusion Analogy

Flea Diffusion Analogy

Flea Diffusion Analogy

Dynamic Equilibrium

Simple Diffusion in Cells

Diffusion Animation

Diffusion Across a Membrane

PROBLEM BREAK

OSMOSIS

• The diffusion of water across a membrane from an area of high concentration to low concentration

• No energy required (PASSIVE TRANSPORT)

• Occurs until reaches DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM– Equal concentrations on both sides of

the membrane

Tonicity of solutions

• Used to compare the relative concentrations• Hypertonic

– solution with a higher concentration of solute – So lower water concentration

• Hypotonic – solution with a lower concentration of solute– So higher water concentration

• Isotonic – solutions with equal concentrations of solute

• Water diffuses from hypotonic solutions to hypertonic solutions!

http://www.linkpublishing.com/video-transport.htm#Brownian_Movement

Cells in Hypertonic Solution

• Water moves out of the cell

• Cell shrivels

HYPERTONIC

Hi

Low

Hypotonic Solution

• Water moves into the cell

• Cell swells– Animal cell – can burst

– Plant cell – builds up pressure on cell wall, but rigid cell wall keeps it from bursting

HYPOTONIC

Hi

Lo

Isotonic Solution

• Water moves in and out of the cell

• Cell stays the same size

• Dynamic Equilibrium

ISOTONIC

http://www.tvdsb.on.ca/westmin/science/sbi3a1/Cells/Osmosis.htm

• What happens to slugs in salt?

• Dead bodies in the river?

FRAYER MODEL BREAK!

Passive transport

defineDraw example

Explain your example

Does it require energy?

Examples

Starter

• Consider the following information: – Water, oxygen, and

CO2 all readily move across a membrane

– Glucose, proteins and small ions (like Na+ or Cl-) cannot pass on their own

• Considering this information, devise a rule that describes what CAN and CANNOT pass through the membrane via SIMPLE DIFFUSION

Pumping Water

• Some organisms have vacuoles that pump out excess water that enters the cell

• Too much water in the cell = vacuole works hard pumping out water!

• http://www.linkpublishing.com/video-transport.htm#Brownian_Movement

FACILITATED DIFFUSION

• Particles move from high concentration to low concentration

• No energy needed (PASSIVE)• Cells use proteins to “help”

– Transport Proteins– Channel proteins

http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/biological%20anamations.html

FRAYER MODEL BREAK!

Facilitated Diffusion

defineDraw example

Explain your example

Does it require energy?

REVIEW PASSIVE TRANSPORT

Active Transport

• Particles move from low concentration to high concentration (against the concentration gradient)

• DOES REQUIRE ENERGY!!• Requires transport proteins• Includes pumps, endocytosis,

exocytosis, etc.

The sodium-potassium pump

• Active Transport = requires energy!

• Sodium is pumped out

• Potassium is pumped in

• Animation

Active transportActive transport

Examples: Pumping Na+ (sodium ions) out and K+ (potassium ions) in against strong concentration gradients.

Called Na+-K+ Pump

Sodium-Potassium Sodium-Potassium PumpPump

3 Na+ pumped in for every 2 K+ pumped out; creates a membrane

potential

Pumps

• Some animals use salt pumps to maintain a constant concentration of salt in their bodies

• This requires energy! ACTIVE TRANSPORT!

Pom-Pom Potential

• Modeling passive and active transport along a cell membrane in a NERVE CELL

• What do nerves do?

• How do they do it?

Questions

• How did this activity model passive transport?

• How did this activity model active transport?

• Why do the membranes “work” to keep the charges on either side of the membrane “balanced”?

FRAYER MODEL BREAK!

Active transport

defineDraw example

Explain your example

Does it require energy?

Examples

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

FACILITATED DIFFUSION

VENN DIAGRAM TIME: MUWAHAHAHAHA

MOVING THE BIG STUFF…

•Large substances leave the cell

•Vesicle fuses with cell membrane and dumps contents

ExocytosisExocytosis The opposite of endocytosis is exocytosis. The opposite of endocytosis is exocytosis. Large moleculesLarge molecules that are manufactured in that are manufactured in

the cell are the cell are releasedreleased through the cell through the cell membranemembrane..

Inside Cell Cell environment

Moving the “Big Stuff”Moving the “Big Stuff”

Molecules are Molecules are moved outmoved out of the cell by of the cell by vesiclesvesicles that that fusefuse with the plasma membrane. with the plasma membrane.

ExocytosExocytosisis-

moving things out.

This is how many This is how many hormoneshormones are secreted and how are secreted and how nerve cellsnerve cells communicate with one another communicate with one another.

ExocytosisExocytosisExocytic Exocytic vesicle vesicle immediately immediately after fusion after fusion with plasma with plasma membrane.membrane.

Ponder for a moment…

• How does exocytosis fit into PROTEIN SYNTHESIS????

•Large substances enter the cell

•Cell membrane forms a “pit” and wraps around substance

•Cell membrane pinches off – forms a vesicle

Cell Signaling

• Signaling activity

• Modeling Nerves…

Go to picture http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/addiction/drugs/mouse.html

Journal

• Draw a diagram of what we just did and…

• Identify the types of transport going on, as completely as possible (there are TWO you should identify!).

• Provide justification for your selection.