Bellringer #1Bellringer #18/15/118/15/11

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List 3 things you see in this cartoonList 3 things you see in this cartoon..

ImperialismImperialism

• Stronger nations Stronger nations attempt to create attempt to create empires by empires by dominating weaker dominating weaker nations; nations; economically, economically, politically, culturally, politically, culturally, and militarilyand militarily

ImperialismImperialism

Why or Why Not?Why or Why Not?

Pro-ImperialismPro-Imperialism

• Offers new “frontier” for the American imagination and spirit

• Anglo-Saxon Superiority

• Celebrates American ideals and goals

• Important for expanding economic, military, and cultural interests abroad

• Important for the U.S. to protect itself and remain strong in world affairs

Anti-ImperialismAnti-Imperialism

• Rejects the foundation of American ideals and democracy

• “The Constitution must follow the flag”• Allows the entrance of too many people

with different ethnic and racial backgrounds into this country

• Economic arguments• Need to take care of U.S. responsibilities

first

Bellringer #2Bellringer #28/16/118/16/11

• What is imperialism? If you had to choose to be for or against imperialism, what would you choose and why? (use facts/examples)

Chapter 17Chapter 17

Section 1Section 1

The Imperialistic VisionThe Imperialistic Vision

What was going on in the U.S.?What was going on in the U.S.?

• After the Civil War Americans were focused on 3 things– Reconstructing the South– Build up the nation’s industries– Settle the West

* Americans gradually began looking to make themselves a world power

Why Europeans became Why Europeans became imperialisticimperialistic

• Economic Factors

• Nationalistic Factors

• Military Factors

• Humanitarian Factors

Why Americans became Why Americans became ImperialisticImperialistic

Senator Albert J. BeveridgeSenator Albert J. Beveridge• “We are raising more

than we can consume, we are making more than we can use, Therefore we must find new markets for our produce, new occupation for our capital, new work for our labor”

In other words……In other words……

• More markets

• More raw materials

• Political influence in countries

Social Darwinism and ImperialismSocial Darwinism and Imperialism

• ONLY THE STRONG NATIONS WOULD SURVIVE!!!!!!!!

Anglo-SaxonismAnglo-Saxonism

• Idea that English speaking nations had superior character, ideas and systems of government and were destined to dominate the planet

• “The White Man’s Burden”

The White Man’s BurdenThe White Man’s BurdenThe White Man’s BurdenThe White Man’s Burden

“TAKE UP THE WHITE MAN’S BURDEN SEND FORTH THE BEST YE BREED

GO, BIND YOUR SON TO EXILE TO SERVE YOUR CAPTIVES’ NEED;

TO WAIT, IN HEAVY HARNESS, ON FLUTTERED FOLK AND WILD

YOUR NEW-CAUGHT SULLEN PEOPLES, HALF DEVIL AND HALF CHILD….”

Rudyard Kipling, 1899

“TAKE UP THE WHITE MAN’S BURDEN SEND FORTH THE BEST YE BREED

GO, BIND YOUR SON TO EXILE TO SERVE YOUR CAPTIVES’ NEED;

TO WAIT, IN HEAVY HARNESS, ON FLUTTERED FOLK AND WILD

YOUR NEW-CAUGHT SULLEN PEOPLES, HALF DEVIL AND HALF CHILD….”

Rudyard Kipling, 1899

Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny• Idea that the U.S. was destined to expand

west to the Pacific Ocean– Louisiana Purchase– Alaska– Closing of the Frontier

““Seward’s Folly”: 1867Seward’s Folly”: 1867““Seward’s Folly”: 1867Seward’s Folly”: 1867

$7.2 million$7.2 million

Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny• Now where to go? Destiny to expand Now where to go? Destiny to expand

overseas!overseas!

Bellringer #3Bellringer #38/17/118/17/11

• What is Anglo-Saxonism? How did this idea feed imperialism? Explain.

JapanJapan• Japanese rulers feared contact with the

West

• Would destroy culture

• Only allowed Dutch and Chinese to trade

• Why did we want them to like us?

Commodore Matthew PerryCommodore Matthew Perry

• Trade agreement signed in 1854

HawaiiHawaii• Why would we want it?

How did we get it?How did we get it?

Started with missionariesStarted with missionaries

• Imiola Church – first built in the late 1820s

SugarcaneSugarcane

• Led Hawaii to be dependent on the United States

• US received Pearl Harbor

• Also going to lead to tensions between Hawaiians and US planters

Hawaiian Queen LiliuokalaniHawaiian Queen LiliuokalaniHawaiian Queen LiliuokalaniHawaiian Queen Liliuokalani

Hawaii for the Hawaiians!

Hawaii for the Hawaiians!

Hawaiian Annexation Ceremony, 1898

Hawaiian Annexation Ceremony, 1898

Military Crisis In Latin AmericaMilitary Crisis In Latin America

• 1891: Chile

• 1893: Brazil

• 1895:Venezuela

Alfred T. MahanAlfred T. Mahan

• Argued for a stronger navy

• Senators Henry Cabot Lodge and Albert J. Beveridge supported extending our navy as well

• By 1907 US had 2nd largest Navy in the world!

Section 1 quizSection 1 quiz

1. Who was the navy guy that sailed 4 ships into Tokyo Bay?

2. What crop grew well in Hawaii that let to a dependence of Hawaii on the U.S.?

3. What does Seward’s Folly refer to?

Bellringer #4Bellringer #48/18/118/18/11

• Why did we want Hawaii? Explain how we originally got involved with Hawaii and how it eventually led to annexation.

Chapter 17Chapter 17

Section 2Section 2

The Spanish-American WarThe Spanish-American War

CubaCuba

• One of Spain’s oldest colonies

• Sugarcane was a huge industry

• Slavery not abolished until 1886

JosJoséé Marti- Cuban rebel Marti- Cuban rebel

• 1868- unsuccessful revolt

• fled to US to gain support, buy weapons and supplies

• launched new revolt in 1895

McKinley wants to remain neutralMcKinley wants to remain neutral

• “I have been through one war. I have seen the dead piled up; I don’t want to see another”

Why did the U.S. lean toward helping Why did the U.S. lean toward helping rebels?rebels?

• Petitions

• Destruction of U.S. plantations and sugar mills

• Sympathy for the Cuban people

• Strategic entrance to the Gulf

““Yellow Journalism” & Yellow Journalism” & JingoismJingoism

““Yellow Journalism” & Yellow Journalism” & JingoismJingoism

Joseph PulitzerJoseph Pulitzer

William Randolph HearstWilliam Randolph Hearst

Hearst to Frederick Remington:Hearst to Frederick Remington: “ “You furnish the pictures,You furnish the pictures, and I’ll furnish the war!” and I’ll furnish the war!”

Was there truth behind Was there truth behind stories?stories?

Valeriano Weyler’s Valeriano Weyler’s “Reconcentration” Policy“Reconcentration” Policy

Valeriano Weyler’s Valeriano Weyler’s “Reconcentration” Policy“Reconcentration” Policy

McKinley tries to negotiate a peaceMcKinley tries to negotiate a peace

• Spain removes Weyler from power, grants limited self-rule to Cubans

• Cuban rebels rejected this, Spanish loyalists in Cuba angry with Spain: Riots break out in Havana

• McKinley sends battleship Maine to Havana harbor in case Americans need to be removed.

De Lôme LetterDe Lôme LetterDe Lôme LetterDe Lôme Letter

Dupuy de Lôme, Dupuy de Lôme, SpanishSpanishAmbassador to the Ambassador to the U.S.U.S.

Criticized PresidentCriticized PresidentMcKinley as McKinley as weak and weak and aabidder for the bidder for the admirationadmirationof the crowd, besidesof the crowd, besidesbeing a would-be being a would-be politicianpoliticianwho tries to leave a who tries to leave a doordooropen behind himself open behind himself whilewhilekeeping on good termskeeping on good termswith the jingoes of hiswith the jingoes of hisparty.party.

Remember the MaineRemember the Maineand to Hell with Spain!and to Hell with Spain!Remember the MaineRemember the Maineand to Hell with Spain!and to Hell with Spain!

Funeral for Maine victims in Havana

Funeral for Maine victims in Havana

Theodore RooseveltTheodore RooseveltTheodore RooseveltTheodore Roosevelt

Assistant Secretary Assistant Secretary of the Navy in the of the Navy in the McKinley McKinley administration.administration.

Imperialist and Imperialist and American American nationalist.nationalist.

Criticized PresidentCriticized PresidentMcKinley as McKinley as having having the backbone of a the backbone of a chocolate éclair!chocolate éclair!

McKinley asks McKinley asks Congress for Congress for declaration of wardeclaration of war

April 20- US Declares war on SpainApril 20- US Declares war on Spain

• Passes Teller Amendment: assures American public we do not want Cuba

The Spanish-American War The Spanish-American War (1898):(1898):

““That Splendid Little War”That Splendid Little War”

The Spanish-American War The Spanish-American War (1898):(1898):

““That Splendid Little War”That Splendid Little War”1St Attack was in the Philippines

Dewey Captures Manila!Dewey Captures Manila!Dewey Captures Manila!Dewey Captures Manila!

Emilio AguinaldoEmilio AguinaldoEmilio AguinaldoEmilio Aguinaldo

LLeader of the Filipinoeader of the FilipinoUprising.Uprising.

July 4, 1946:July 4, 1946:Philippine Philippine independenceindependence

CUBACUBA

• American troops were poorly trained, camps unsanitary… more died of disease than actual combat

The The “Rough “Rough Riders”Riders”

The The “Rough “Rough Riders”Riders”

• Attacked San Juan Hill and Kettle Hill in July 1898. African America units 9th and 10th Calvary charged with Rough Riders.

• July 3, Spanish Ships destroyed in Caribbean, war is all but over

• August 12, 1898: US and Spain agree to a cease fire

The Treaty of Paris: 1898The Treaty of Paris: 1898The Treaty of Paris: 1898The Treaty of Paris: 1898War lasted 113 daysWar lasted 113 days

400 Americans died in combat400 Americans died in combat

Cuba was freed from Spanish rule.Cuba was freed from Spanish rule.

Spain gave up Puerto Rico and the Spain gave up Puerto Rico and the island ofisland ofGuam.Guam.

The U. S. paid SpainThe U. S. paid Spain$20 mil. for the$20 mil. for thePhilippines.Philippines.

The U. S. becomesThe U. S. becomesan imperial power!an imperial power!

What Now????What Now????

PhilippinesPhilippines

• US Gov’t saw advantages in keeping these islands

• Filipino people had fought with US against Spain for independence: now told they were “unfit for self-government”

• 3 year war follows • General Arthur MacArthur sets up re-

concentration camps– 1000s die from disease and starvation

William H. Taft, 1stWilliam H. Taft, 1stGov.-General of the PhilippinesGov.-General of the Philippines

William H. Taft, 1stWilliam H. Taft, 1stGov.-General of the PhilippinesGov.-General of the Philippines

Great administrator.Great administrator.

Puerto RicoPuerto Rico

• Foraker Act: made PR an unincorporated territory– Not citizens– No constitutional rights

– Congress could pass any laws it wanted

CubaCuba

• US sets up military gov’t, set up school system, restored economic stability, drafted a constitution (1900)

• Platt Amendment:– Cuba could not make any treaties with other

nations w/o US approval– Cuba had to allow US naval bases

• US could interfere whenever necessary

Bellringer #5Bellringer #58/19/118/19/11

• What was the nickname for the Spanish American War? Why was it given this nickname?

Chapter 17Chapter 17

Section 3Section 3

New American DiplomacyNew American Diplomacy

Election of 1900Election of 1900

• McKinley/Roosevelt win

• Sept 6, 1901 McKinley assassinated: TR becomes President!

• Age 42: youngest president ever!

• Determined to make the US a world power- a duty to shape the “less civilized” corners of the earth

Cartoon 2

1.Who is in the ship?

2.What is he holding?

3.Where is he?

4.What do you think it means?

Speak Softly,Speak Softly,But Carry a Big Stick!But Carry a Big Stick!

Speak Softly,Speak Softly,But Carry a Big Stick!But Carry a Big Stick!

China and the Open Door China and the Open Door Policy Policy

The Boxer Rebellion: The Boxer Rebellion: 19001900

The Boxer Rebellion: The Boxer Rebellion: 19001900

The Peaceful Harmonious Fists.The Peaceful Harmonious Fists.

““55 Days at Peking.”55 Days at Peking.”

The Open Door PolicyThe Open Door PolicyThe Open Door PolicyThe Open Door Policy

Secretary Secretary John HayJohn Hay..

Give all nations equalGive all nations equalaccess to trade in China.access to trade in China.

Guaranteed that China would NOT be Guaranteed that China would NOT be taken taken over by any one foreign power.over by any one foreign power.

TheTheOpen Door Open Door

PolicyPolicy

TheTheOpen Door Open Door

PolicyPolicy

Russo-Japanese WarRusso-Japanese War

• Japan growing in industrial power, needs to expand

• Russia needs warm water port on the Pacific• 1905- fight over Korea• TR negotiates peace:

– Feared this war would interfere with Open Door Policy in China

– Japan takes Korea, Russia withdraws– TR won a Nobel Peace Prize

Great White FleetGreat White Fleet

Panama CanalPanama Canal

• Shorter route from Atlantic to Pacific• Columbia owned this Territory!• Willing to “rent” the land:• 1881: French tried to build 1st: malaria, yellow

fever, mismanagement, France almost bankrupt- gave up in 1889

• 1903: Secretary of State Hay offered Columbia $10 million and a yearly rent of $250,000 for right to build canal.

• Columbia refused.

Roosevelt encourages a Roosevelt encourages a Panamanian Revolt Panamanian Revolt

• Nov 3, 1903, with US warships waiting offshore, Panamanians rose up against Columbia.

• In less than two weeks was independent

US recognized Panama’s US recognized Panama’s independence independence

• Had to pay Columbia $25 million for illegal seizure of land

• US got 10 mile wide strip of land to build canal

• Paid Panama $10 Million– No Panamanian ever agreed to this!

Panama CanalPanama CanalPanama CanalPanama Canal

TR in Panama(Construction begins in

1904)

TR in Panama(Construction begins in

1904)

The Roosevelt Corollary to The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine: 1905the Monroe Doctrine: 1905The Roosevelt Corollary to The Roosevelt Corollary to

the Monroe Doctrine: 1905the Monroe Doctrine: 1905Chronic wrongdoing… Chronic wrongdoing… may in America, as may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately elsewhere, ultimately require intervention require intervention by some civilized by some civilized nation, and in the nation, and in the Western Hemisphere Western Hemisphere the adherence of the the adherence of the United States to the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may Monroe Doctrine may force the United force the United States, however States, however reluctantly, in flagrant reluctantly, in flagrant cases of suchcases of such wrongdoing or wrongdoing or impotence, to the impotence, to the exercise of an exercise of an international police international police powerpower .

Taft’s “Dollar Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy”Diplomacy”

Taft’s “Dollar Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy”Diplomacy”

Improve financialImprove financialopportunities for opportunities for American businesses.American businesses.

Use private capital toUse private capital tofurther U. S. interestsfurther U. S. interestsoverseas.overseas.

Therefore, the U.S. Therefore, the U.S. should create stability should create stability and order abroad that and order abroad that would best promote would best promote America’s commercial America’s commercial interests.interests.

DOLLAR DIPLOMACYDOLLAR DIPLOMACY• Who? President William H. Taft

• Target: Latin America, Caribbean & Asia

• Rationale:

–US relies on loans & investments to settle regions

–Favors $$ but would use military to “stabilize” nations

Uncle Sam: One of the Uncle Sam: One of the “Boys”“Boys”

Uncle Sam: One of the Uncle Sam: One of the “Boys”“Boys”