bellringer 09/18/14 w explain what it means that a living thing must contain all characteristics of...
TRANSCRIPT
Bellringer 09/18/14
Explain what it means that a living thing must contain all characteristics of a living thing.
Topic: Classification of Living Things
EQ: What methods are used to classify living things into groups?
Learning Scale: I can …
4 – Design a dichotomous key to classify organisms.
3 – Analyze how and/or why organisms are classified.
2 – Describe how and/or why organisms are classified.
1 – Recognize the levels of organization.
Penny Sort Activity
A. Your group will be given 10 pennies a piece.
B. Come up with a way to place these pennies into at least 3 groups.
5 minutes
Think-Pair-Share
Let’s talk about it…….
a. What are some ways you sorted your pennies?
b. We have over 75 billion tons of living things on Earth….Imagine that
What is classification?
Classification is grouping of living organisms in groups based on similar characteristics.
Taxonomy: the science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms
Ways we classify things• Supermarket aisles• Libraries• Classes• Teams/sports• Members of a family• Roads• Cities• Money
Comprehension Check
Why do scientists classify organisms into groups?
What do scientists use to classify organisms into groups?
Early classification systems Aristotle grouped animals into simple groups such as animals or plants
Determining Domains
Systematics (the current classification system) uses the following evidence to determine domains:
Cell Type (unicellular or multicellular)
HabitatHow organism obtains
food/energyStructure & Function of featuresCommon Ancestry
Current Classification System
Currently on Earth all living things fall into one of three categories:
A. Domain Bacteria B. Domain Archaea C. Domain Eukarya
Domain 1: Bacteria
Bacteria• Unicellular
Archaea• Unicellular, live in extreme
environments Eukarya
• Protists, Fungi, Plants, and Animals• Unicellular or multi-cellular
Domain 1: Bacteria Unicellular Obtain energy through
photosynthesis or ingesting others
Bacteria can live in areas with or without oxygen
Domain 2: Archaea
Unicellular Live in
extreme environments
Domain 3: Eukarya
Unicellular or Multicellular Obtain food/energy through either
photosynthesis, eating others, or decomposing materials.
Includes: Protists, Fungi, Plants, & Animals
Comprehension Check
How were organisms separated into domains?
How many domains are there? How is this different from Aristotle's system?
Tree Map
Directions: Construct a tree map breaking down the 3 Domains….
Tree Map
Whole Object
(Tree)
Leaves Flowers Stem Roots
Name of object being classified
Parts of the objectCharacterisitics/Definitions
Learning Scale: I can …
4 – Design a dichotomous key to classify organisms.
3 – Analyze how and/or why organisms are classified.
2 – Describe how and/or why organisms are classified.
1 – Recognize the levels of organization.
Classification
Part 2: Levels of Classification
Topic: Classification
EQ:
Learning Scale: I can …
4 – Design a dichotomous key to classify organisms.
3 – Analyze how and/or why organisms are classified.
2 – Describe how and/or why organisms are classified.
1 – Recognize the levels of organization.
Modern TaxonomyThe Evidence used to classify
into taxon groups:• 1) Embryology • 2) Chromosomes /
DNA • 3) Biochemistry • 4) Physiology • 5) Evolution • 6) Behavior
Remember: Early classification systems Aristotle grouped animals into simple groups such as animals or plants
Modern classification system :
Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order
Family Genus Species
Developed by Carolus LinnaeusConsists of 8 levels:
Felis concolor
Helpful way to remember the 7 levels Didn’t King Philip Come Over For Grape Soda?
Did King Philip Come Over For Golf Sunday?
Helpful way to remember the 8 levels Didn’t King Philip Cross the Ocean For
Gold & Silver? Dumb kids playing catch on freeways
get squashed
Or…make up your own…
• D K P C O F G S
Binomial Nomenclature (Scientific Names)
Developed by Carolus Linnaeus
Two-name system
Genus and species named using Latin or Greek words
Writing Scientific Names Organism’s genus is always
written first; the organism’s species is always written second.
The genus is capitalized; the species is written in lower case.
Scientific names of organisms are always italicized or underlined.
Example: Homo sapiens
Learning Scale: I can …
4 – Design a dichotomous key to classify organisms.
3 – Analyze how and/or why organisms are classified.
2 – Describe how and/or why organisms are classified.
1 – Recognize the levels of organization.
Comprehension Check
Which group has more in common those in the same kingdom or those in the same class?
Why is it important for scientists to use scientific names?
8 Kingdoms Foldable
Listen for Directions
EQ: What methods are used to classify living things into groups?
Topic: Analyzing Cladograms & Dichotomous Keys
Bellringer 09/18/14
What is the genus of the bobcat? Species if the following is its scientific name:
Scientific Name: Lynx rufus
Genus?
Species?
Classification Tools
Suppose you to fishing and catch a fish you don’t recognize. How could you figure out what type of fish you have caught?
Cladograms Cladograms: branching diagrams showing the
similarities and differences between organisms. Shows the relationships among organisms, including
common ancestors.
Example: The salamander, lizard, hamster, and chimpanzee have lungs, but the salmon does not. Therefore, they are more closely related to each other than they are to the salmon.
Analyzing Cladograms
• Which organisms are more closely related, the dragonfly and butterfly or the ant and grasshopper? Why?
• Which organisms are more closely related, the inch worm and fly or the fly and dragonfly? Why?
Dichotomous Keys
A series of descriptions arranged in pairs that lead the user to the identification of an unknown organism.
Rules for using a dichotomous key 1. You must start at #1 for each organism.
2. No organism fits into more than one group.
1. Divides a larger group in smaller groups
2. Typically, it may separate objects into groups that “have it” and those that “don’t have it”
Dichotomous Keys A dichotomous key turns questions into paired
statements.
Dichotomous Key of Transportation Vehicles
Vehicles with wheels:
Unicycle, skates, a/p, bike, train, car, bus
Canoe, boat, sailboat,
Dichotomous Key of Transportation Vehicles
Vehicles with wheels:
Wheels made of rubber/plastic:
Unicycle, skates, ap, bike, train, car, bus
Canoe, boat, sailboat,
Dichotomous Key of Transportation Vehicles
Vehicles with wheels:
Wheels made of rubber/plastic:
Unicycle, skates, ap, bike, train, car, bus
Canoe, boat, sailboat,
Unicycle, skates, ap bike, car, bus
train
Dichotomous Key of Transportation Vehicles
Vehicles with wheels:
Wheels made of rubber/plastic:
Unicycle, skates, ap bike, train, car, bus
Canoe, boat, sailboat,
Unicycle, skates, ap bike, car, bus
train
Carries over 10 people:
Dichotomous Key of Transportation Vehicles
Vehicles with wheels:
Wheels made of rubber/plastic:
Unicycle, skates, bike, train, car, bus
Canoe, boat, sailboat,
Unicycle, skates, bike, car, bus
train
Carries over 10 people:Bus, ap Unicycle, skates
bike, car
Dichotomous Key of Transportation Vehicles
Vehicles with wheels:
Naming Organisms: Binomial Nomenclature Developed by Carolus Linnaeus
Two-name system:• First name is the organism’s genus
• Second name is the organism’s species
What rules are used to write scientific names? The first letter of the genus is
ALWAYS capitalized The first letter of the species is
NEVER capitalized Scientific names of organisms
are always italicized or underlined
Using the Classification SystemField guides help identify organisms.
-they highlight differences between similar organisms (like trees)
Taxonomic Key (Dichotomous Key)-paired statements that describe the physical characteristics of different organisms
Early classification Aristotle grouped everything into
simple groups such as animals or plants
He then grouped animals according to if they had blood or didn’t have blood, and if they had live young or laid eggs, and so on…
Taxonomic Key 1a Fruits occur
singly ....................................................... Go to 3 1b Fruits occur in clusters of two or
more ......................... Go to 2 2a Fruits are round .......................................................
Grapes 2b Fruits are elongate ...................................................
Bananas 3a Thick skin that separates easily from
flesh .............Oranges 3b Thin skin that adheres to flesh ..............................
Go to 4 4a More than one seed per fruit ............................
Apples 4b One seed per fruit ............................................ Go to
5 5a Skin covered with velvety hairs ....................
Peaches 5b Skin smooth, without hairs ........................... Plums
What steps would you use to identify a peach?
