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What was the Marshall Plan? Fully Explain!

THE COLD WAR ERA

13.1

Capitalism v Communism

Capitalism Communism

an economic system in which the people decide how money is created and spent

a theory or system of social organization based on theholding of all property in common; the government decides how many is created and spent

Berlin Wall

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End of WWII

POST-WWII

WWII Ends Allies Victorious BIG THREE

U.S.A (Roosevelt) Soviet Union (Stalin) Britain (Churchill)

Two major powers are left U.S.A. Soviet Union

Yalta

The Big Three met at Yalta Soviet Union gets land

in Asia Germany divided into

four zones, each zone run by an allied power

West Germany becomes democracy, East Germany becomes communist

Leads to “iron curtain”

A New president

FDR DIES Harry S. Truman

becomes president Allows for the

creation of the United Nations 50 Nations are apart

of it Goal is to stop

international disputes before war begins

Soviet Expansion in Europe Policy of “Containment”

Marshall Plan

Truman Doctrine To hold back the Soviets

using both Military and nonmilitary ways.

Long run, pledges that the United States will fight communism worldwide

George Marshall pledges massive aid to Western Europe

$ 13 billion worth of supplies , machinery, and food into Western Europe

Lead to economic recovery, which weakens the want to communism

Berlin Wall

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Crisis in Berlin

Truman Reunite Germany was

essential for the future Europe future

Stalin Feared a reunited

Germany would presented a threat to the Soviet Union

Germany’s 4 Zones in 1948

Berlin Blockade

Post-War Settlement of Germany allows for rival system in West vs East

WestFree, run by allies,

quickly rebuilding

EastRun by Soviets,

looted the land, little recovery

1948, June Stalin cuts off road and rail

ways to Berlin Idea to use massive starvation

for political gain Truman’s Decision

Take back West Berlin with Tanks and troops World War III starts

Allow Soviets to have Berlin USA looks like it cant protect

freedom

AIRLIFT

Berlin Airlift Truman would

resupply Berlin by air

277,804 flights carrying 2,325,809 tons of supplies into West Berlin in the next 9 months

Airlift allows rations to rise!

Cold War has officially begun

REACTION TO AIRLIFT

USA Soviet Union

North Atlantic Treaty Organization USA, Canada, Spain,

France, Italy, Turkey, Norway, West Germany, Britain, Iceland

Will Aid each other if any other member is attacked

Warsaw Pact Soviet Union and

communist governments of Eastern Europe

DON’T WRITE THIS LEADS TO NEXT SLIDE

Two Armed Camps

New Fears

Subversion Sabotage/spys Communist loyal to Soviet Union had

become established in the American government

U.S. investigates all federal employees Little evidence of espionage found Blacklist Hollywood 10 Rosenbergs

McCarthyism

Joseph McCarty Believe a vast

soviet network existed inside the U.S. government

Holds court Charges were

unfound Many careers are

ruined

McCarthyism Use of unproven

charges to discredit people