Bell Ringer

The sun never sets on the British Empire.

The power point presentation covers the material from Chapter 16 of the Mastering the TEKS in World History book by Jarrett, Zimmer, and Killoran.

A little background information on Italy and Germany

The Unification of Italy and Germany

• Italy: – Northern Italy, led by Camillio

di Cavour, forced Austria out with the help of France

– Giuseppe Garibaldi overthrew the Kingdom of Two Sicilies and joined Northern Italy

• Germany:– Prussia’s ruler, Otto von

Bismarck, used economic power and military might to unite the small German states into one.

European Imperialism

Imperialism

• Imperialism: the political and economic control of one area or country by another.

• Past Examples:– Persia– Rome– European Colonies in

15th – 18th Century

The Roman Empire

What are the benefits to controlling the government and economy of another country?

European Imperialism

• European countries created colonies all over the world

• Some colonies were lost when they revolted, such as the U.S.

• By the 19th century Europe still had colonies in India, South Africa, and the East Indies

What might be some negative aspects of controlling another countries government and economy?

The British “Raj” (Reign) in India

• During the 18th century Great Britain took control of much of India

• Reforms:– Wiped out some old local

traditions and customs– Built a railroad– Spread Christianity– Built schools and colleges– English became official

language

• The Indians like some of the new changes, but resented the change to their customs and beliefs

Britain tried to modernize India. Why did the Indians resent the British efforts?

The Sepoy Mutiny (1857)

• Britain used Indian soldiers called Sepoys to control the country

• The Sepoys revolted in 1857

• The British easily stopped the rebellion

• After this Britain took over complete control of the country

• Queen Victoria became the Empress of India

Do you think the Indian people might try and achieve independence again? Why?

The Impact of British Rule on India• Government:

– Unified India under one government– Made English the official language

• Economic: – built roads, railways, and telegraph– Hurt local cottage industry from

British manufacturing• Health:

– built hospitals– Introduced new medicine– Provided famine relief– Resulted in a population explosion

• Social:– Indian culture was seen as inferior to

British– Indian workers provided cheap labor,

working long hours for little pay

Was the British reign in India good or bad? Explain.

Other British Colonies

• Britain also has colonies in:– South Africa – West Indies– Canada– Australia– New Zeland– Singapore

What might be some of the problems with having colonies all over the world?

Other European Colonies

• France:– West Indies– West Africa– India– Algeria– Indochina

• Holland:– Dutch East Indies

• Spain:– Philippines– Cuba– Puerto Rico

Why did European countries feel they needed colonies?

The “New Imperialism”

• Imperialism was almost gone in the 18th century due to the loss of many of the American colonies

• A new imperialism sprang up from 1880 to 1900. Almost every corner of the earth was claimed by a European country

Describe the picture

Causes of the “New Imperialism”

• Industrial Revolution Technologies – Steamboat helped reach the

interior of Africa and Asia– Telegraph made communication

across large distances possible– Railroad made shipping of goods

and raw materials easier– Medicine made exploring new

areas safer– New military weapons helped to

control local people

Can you name another time in history when technology has promoted such a movement?

Causes of the “New Imperialism”

• Economic Motives:– Industry needed raw materials– Industry needed new markets

• Political Motives:– Demonstrates a nations power– Sought to preserve a balance of

power between European countries

• Social Motives:– Social Darwinism: some societies

were superior to others and should spread their culture

– Spread Christianity

Explain how this picture relates to Social Darwinism

The “Scramble for Africa”• Between 1870 and 1890

most of Africa came under the control of a European country

• 1880 a revolt in Egypt prompted Great Britain to take over that country so it could continue to use the Suez Canal

• In 1884 the Berlin Conference divided Africa up among the European countries

• By 1890 only Ethiopia and Liberia were independent

Explain this picture

Major Imperial Powers

• France: – Central Africa– Northwest Africa above the Sahara

• Belgium:– The Congo

• Great Britain:– West Africa– East African coast from Egypt to

South Africa

• Germany:– Tanganyika– Cameroon– Togo– Southwest Africa

Positive Effects of Imperialism in Africa

• Health:– Medicine– Improved nutrition– Longer life spans– Population explosion

• Technology– Modern transportation (steamboat &

railroad)– Communications (telegraph and

telephone)

• Economics:– Some Africans received an education– Some received better jobs such as

administrators or in the army

Is the loss of the control of your government and economy worth the positive outcomes of that loss?

Negative Effects on Imperialism in Africa

• Traditions:– Led to an erosion of traditional

African values– Destroyed existing social

relationships

• Culture– African people were treated as

inferior– Africans worked long hours for

little money in terrible conditions

• Politically:– Africa was divided without thought

toward tribal, ethnic, and cultural boundaries

– Led to continuing tribal conflicts

What might be some of the effects to a society that loses its culture?

Explain the meaning of this political cartoon.

European Powers and China

• Why Europe was Interested in China:– Large market– Valuable raw materials– Produced good

Europeans wanted

• China lacked a strong military. Europe forced China to do what it wanted.

The Opium Wars (1839-1842)• Causes:

– Britain sold opium in China to get money to buy tea

– China sentenced opium dealers to death to try and stop this practice

– Britain declared war

• Britain easily won• Results:

– Damaged the Chinese economy– Created political instability in China– Britain got new trade privileges giving

Britain economic control of some areas (Spheres of Influence)

– Other European countries wanted their own Sphere of Influence

– Chinese people revolted against the Chinese rulers

British gunships pound the Chinese coast

Why do you think the European countries felt they had the right to control the Chinese economy?

U.S. Involvement in China

• U.S. Open Door Policy: The U.S. proposed equal trading rights between all countries in 1899. They wanted a part of the action.

• Boxer Rebellion:– Chinese (Boxers) rebelled against

foreign influence– Hundreds of foreigners were killed– European forces put down the

rebellion– The U.S. helped to stop the rebellion

with troops and ships stationed in the Philippines, but also stopped Europe from further dividing up China.

What does the rebellion show of how the Chinese people felt about foreign influence?

What was the U.S. main purpose in China?

The Opening of Japan

• Japan closed itself off to foreigners in 1639.

• The U.S. sent a naval force to Japan in 1853:– Led by Mathew Perry– Sought to open Japanese ports– Japan opened its ports, so they would

not be taken over like China• Meiji Restoration (1868-1912):

– The nobles in Japan criticized the decision to open its doors

– The Shogun fell and was replaced by the Emperor

– The Emperor tried to make Japan more like the West.

– He sent scholars to learn western technologies and customs

Mathew Perry

Compare and contrast Western influence on China and Japan.

Latin America

• Spanish American War:– Spain still held Puerto

Rico, Cub, and a few islands in the late 1800s.

– Cuba rebelled in 1898.– In 1898 the USS Maine

blew up in the Havana harbor.

– US and Spain went to war.– US won and received

Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines from Spain

– The US also annexed Hawaii

Would you consider the U.S. to be imperialistic based on the events in China, Japan, and the Spanish American War.

Latin America

• Most of Latin America was economically dependent on the U.S. and Great Britain.

• Panama Canal:– Shorter route between Atlantic

and Pacific Oceans.– Area was owned by Columbia.– President Roosevelt

encouraged Panamanian rebels to declare independence in 1904.

– The U.S. protected the rebels.– Took 10 years to build the canal– Used the Monroe Doctrine as a

basis for protecting the canal.

Roosevelt said “Walk softly and carry a big stick.” How does this statement relate to the Panama Canal situation.