bell ringer - scott.k12.ky.us › userfiles › 2498 › classes › 17110 › food chains.pdffood...
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Bell Ringer
1) In the simple ecosystem shown below,
determine the species richness.
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2) “The specific environment in which an
organism lives, including biotic and abiotic
factors” is the definition of which term below?
a) Niche
b) Ecosystem
c) Habitat
d) Biomed) Biome
e) Community
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3) An organism’s role in the flow of energy, its
resource consumption and its species-species
interactions all make up its __________
a) Habitat
b) Niche
c) Ecosystem
d) Biomed) Biome
e) Predator-prey relationships
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4) The graph below best describes which biome?
a) Tropical Dry Forest
b) Tundra
c) Temperate grassland
d) Savanna
e) Tropical Rain Forest
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Energy Flow and Food WebsEnergy Flow and Food WebsEnergy Flow and Food WebsEnergy Flow and Food WebsPgs 148-150
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Energy Movement
• Of all the species-species interactions within
an ecosystem, the most important is the
movement of energy.
• As an organism feeds on another, matter and
energy are moved through the ecosystem.
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Energy – Review
• The ultimate source of energy for earth is the Sun.
• Through photosynthesis, autotrophs convert solar
energy into chemical energy in the form of
glucose.
• Autotrophs and heterotrophs then use the process • Autotrophs and heterotrophs then use the process
of cellular respiration to convert chemical energy
in glucose into ATP.
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Energy Movement
• Trophic Level – rank in the feeding (energy)
hierarchy.
• There are three primary trophic levels in every
ecosystem:ecosystem:
– Producers
– Consumers
– Detritivores and decomposers
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Trophic Levels
• Producer – an organism that uses energy
from sunlight to produce food.
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Trophic Levels
• Producer – an organism that uses energy from sunlight to produce food.
• Form first trophiclevel of any food chainfood chain
• Examples:
Plants, Algae
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Trophic Levels
• Primary Consumer – an organism which gets
its energy from producers.
Example: Ants, Caterpillars,
Deer
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Trophic Levels
• Secondary Consumer – an organism which
gets its energy from primary consumers.
Example: Birds, Spiders, Lion
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Trophic Levels
• Tertiary Consumer – an organism which gets
its energy from secondary consumers.
Example: Owls feed on rodents that feed on grasshoppers
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Trophic Levels
• Top – Level Consumer – A consumer at the
top of the food chain.
• (This consumer has no predators).
Example: Humans, Bald Eagles
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Trophic Levels
• Detritivores – break down the waste products
or dead bodies of organisms within the
ecosystem.
Example: Millipedes, soil insects
• Decomposers – break down leaf litter and
other nonliving matter into simpler nutrients.
Example: Fungi, Bacteria
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Trophic Levels
• Detritivores and Decomposers help recycle
nutrients into the soil and help dispose of
dead organisms.
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Food Chains
• Food chain – a linear series of feeding
relationships, showing how energy moves
upward through the trophic levels.
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Food Chains
• In a food chain, arrows point toward the
transfer of energy (not to who is eating!)
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Food Webs
• A more accurate depiction of how energy
moves through ecosystems is a food web.
• Food web – a visual map of feeding
relationships, highlighting the various paths by
which energy passes among organisms of an
ecosystem. ecosystem.
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• Food webs
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Creating a Food Web Creating a Food Web
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Bell Ringer
1)The eagle is an example of…
a) Producer
b) Primary Consumer
c) Secondary Consumer
d) Tertiary Consumer
e) Top-Level Consumer e) Top-Level Consumer
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Bell Ringer
2) In this food chain, an
example of a tertiary
consumer would be…
a) Green plants
b) Insects
c) Fishc) Fish
d) Big Fish
e) Eagle
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Bell Ringer
3) What trophic level is
missing from this
food chain?
a) Producers
b) Consumers
c) Detritivores/Decomposers c) Detritivores/Decomposers
d) Autotrophs
e) Heterotrophs
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Bell Ringer – AP Practice
4) A decomposer would
recycle nutrients back to a…
a) Producer
b) Detritivore
c) Secondary Consumer
d) Tertiary Consumerd) Tertiary Consumer
e) Primary Consumer
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Creating a Food Web Creating a Food Web –– The LAST Day The LAST Day
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Energy Pyramid
• 10% Rule –
Only about 10%
of the energy available
at one trophic level is at one trophic level is
transferred to
organisms at the next
trophic level.
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Numbers Pyramid
• Numbers pyramids reflect the species evenness values of an ecosystem.
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Numbers Pyramid
• Why are there fewer consumers at the top of the pyramid compared to the bottom?
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Numbers Pyramid
• With the loss of energy occurring at each level, there is not enough energy to support a large amount of life at the top of the pyramid.
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• Keystone species
• Numbers pyramid
• Invasive species