bell-ringer: please pick up a copy of the handouts from the front table. take the first 10 minutes...
TRANSCRIPT
Friday, April 25th
Bell-Ringer: Please pick up a copy of the handouts from the front table. Take the first 10 minutes of class to complete the WOD Review worksheet from the front table.
Bell-Ringer: WOD Review Activator: Map Review Lecture: Responses to Imperialism Review Game
Homework: Study for Unit 5 Test!
Daily Agenda:Essential Question:How did Imperialism lead to European economic and political dominance today?
April 25, Block 1
REBUFF- to repel or drive back; to bluntly rejectPronunciation
Read the following cartoons and describe what is ironic about each of them.
Mexican-American War (U.S. uses border dispute to steal
Mexican Cession) Boer War (British vs. Boers vs. Zulus for South Africa) Crimean War (Ottomans, British, French vs. Russia for
Eastern Europe) Spanish-American War (U.S. vs. Spain for Cuba, Philippines,
Guam, and Puerto Rico) Opium War (China vs. Britain over trade right’s in China) Russo-Japanese War (Russia vs. Japan for Pacific
domination) Sino- Japanese War (Japan vs. China for Pacific control) Great Game / Tournament of Shadows (Russia vs. Britain
for Central Asian influence)
Imperialist Conflicts:
Latin AmericanResistance:
Spanish colonies in the Americas rebelled for their independence in the early 1820s.
South America Creole military leaders (Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin) use nationalism as a means of establishing constitutional rule.
In both cases, no major reforms for the lower classes (trade Peninsulares for Creole rule).
Due to a lack of self-rule in the past, caudillos emerge in both regions.
1808 – Napoleon names his brother
Joseph as king of Spain Mexican Viceroy uses it as an
opportunity to declare sovereignty However, peasants, led by Father
Miguel Hidalgo and Jose Maria Moreles tried to revolt against the new leaders
In 1821, when Creole military leaders realized a new constitution would benefit them, they consolidated the resistance movement and declared independence
By 1823, Mexico was a Catholic Constitutional Republic
Mexican Resistance:
In 1807, with Napoleon’s army advancing on Portugal,
King João IV fled to Brazil and established a new capital. As a result, Brazil achieved an equal status with its
motherland. After 1815, when Napoleon was defeated, the king
returned to Portugal, leaving his son in charge of Brazil. Influenced by constitutionalist rebellion in Portugal and
military pressure, Prince Pedro declared independence from Portugal in 1822.
After a very brief resistance from Portuguese forces, Brazilian independence was recognized with Dom Pedro I becoming emperor.
Brazilian Resistance:
Resistance:
Sepoy = Indian soldier paid by BEIC to serve as military in India
Forced to travel long-distances overseas
Forced to utilize new ammo cartridge encased in animal fat
Sepoy Rebellion in 1750s Leads to direct Imperial Rule in India
“Jewel of the Crown” Ram Mohan Roy Hindu reformer
who pushed for English education, social reform (no more sati, child marriages, or caste system), founded Brahmo Samaj, and extended freedoms for Indians (speech and press)
Resistance:
Opium War led to economic Imperialism in China
Qing rulers not responsive to needs of poor
Hong Xiuquan leads Taiping Rebellion that lasts for a decade and leads to 20 million deaths
Finally suppressed by Qing when they enlist foreign militaries support
By 1900, China was carved up amongst
Western “spheres of influence” Chinese merchants lost out on profits
due to competition Righteous and Harmonious Fist openly
rebel, driving out or killing all foreigners from Beijing
International army crushes rebellion, destroying the Qing Dynasty for all practical purposes
By 1912, China will undergo a Nationalist revolution, overthrowing the last Dynasty and establishing a republic under Sun Yat-Sen (not Communist)
Nationalist Revolt:
From 1868-1912, Japan underwent a
series of reforms (Meiji Restoration) that revolutionized their political and social structure: Emperor restored to power Feudalism market economy Rapid, state-sponsored
Industrialization Militarism (Conscription) Removal of Samurai class
A Different Approach:
Ottoman Empire: Tanzimat Reforms – In the 1840s-
1850s the Ottomans implemented a series of reforms that brought modernization and westernization to their empire. New Institutions Banks, Schools, Ministries Reorganization of Military (bye, bye Janissaries) Secularization Industrialization
Russia: Emancipated serfs, developed transportation infrastructure, agrarian reforms and resettlement plan, state-sponsored industrialization, military reorganization
Similar Responses:
Resistance
Crimean WarSpanish-American War
Boer War
AcceptanceMuch of Africa and Southeast Asia
RebellionSepoy RebellionBoxer RebellionPhilippine War
ReformTanzimat ReformsMeiji RestorationRussian Reforms
Responses
Dealing with Imperialism:
Industrialization
Need for raw materials, labor, and consumers leads directly to Western Imperialism.
Imperialism
Colonization leads to nationalist tensions, competition, and militarism.
Conflict
Competition, militarism, and alliances will lead to the ultimate international conflict (WWI) and nationalist movements will eventually boil over into rebellions and decolonization.
An Interlinked Process: