bell ringer! if you could go anywhere in the world, where would you go? … and why? if you could go...

Bell Ringer!Bell Ringer!

If you could go anywhere in If you could go anywhere in the world, where would you the world, where would you go? … and why?go? … and why?

3-5 Sentences3-5 Sentences

The Age of The Age of ExplorationExploration

Alberto Cantino’s World Map Alberto Cantino’s World Map 15021502

Essential Standards:Essential Standards:WH 2.4 Analyze the rise and spread of various empires in

terms of influence, achievements and lasting impact.

WH 2.7 Analyze the relationship between trade routes and the development and decline of major empires.

WH 3.4 Analyze how the desire for farmable land created conflict and impacted the physical environments of Europe, Asia, Africa and the Americas

WH 5.2 Explain the causes and effects of exploration and expansion.

WH 5.3 Analyze colonization in terms of the desire for access to resources and markets as well as the consequences on indigenous cultures, population, and environment.

WH.H.5.1

Explain how and why the motivations for exploration and conquest resulted in increased global interactions, differing patterns of trade, colonization, and conflict among nations.

Causes of the Age of Causes of the Age of ExplorationExploration

Two causes of interest in explorationTwo causes of interest in exploration Marco Polo’s Marco Polo’s TravelsTravels Goods from AsiaGoods from Asia

Europeans wanted new trade routesEuropeans wanted new trade routes Desire to trade directly and eliminate the Desire to trade directly and eliminate the

middle man… middle man… Who was the middle Who was the middle man??? man??? (write it down)(write it down)

Development of England, France, Spain, Development of England, France, Spain, Portugal, and the Low Countries.Portugal, and the Low Countries.

Early ExplorationEarly Exploration

Vikings – Vikings – Eric the RedEric the Red – Viking explorer – Viking explorer

who was first to explore who was first to explore Greenland in 982 and set up a Greenland in 982 and set up a colony there in 986.colony there in 986.

Leif EriccsonLeif Ericcson – Possibly the first – Possibly the first European to explore America European to explore America from 1000 to 1002.from 1000 to 1002.

Vinland - NewfoundlandVinland - Newfoundland

Technology of Technology of ExplorationExploration Map makingMap making CompassCompass AstrolabeAstrolabe – used the stars to – used the stars to

plot a position.plot a position. CaravelCaravel – ship with three – ship with three

masts and a triangular sail masts and a triangular sail that could sail into the windthat could sail into the wind

Guns and cannonsGuns and cannons

Prince Prince HenryHenry

the the Navigator Navigator

and and PortugalPortugal Henry opened a school for Henry opened a school for

navigation around 1420 because navigation around 1420 because he wanted to spread Christianity he wanted to spread Christianity and expand Portugal.and expand Portugal.

Henry began sending out ships Henry began sending out ships every year.every year.

Portugal opened trade with the Portugal opened trade with the “Gold Coast” (Ghana) of Africa.“Gold Coast” (Ghana) of Africa.

Portugal Portugal (continued)(continued)

Portugal discovered Portugal discovered Atlantic islands – the Atlantic islands – the Cape Verde, Azores, Cape Verde, Azores, and Madeira Islands.and Madeira Islands.

1441 – the first African 1441 – the first African slaves are brought to slaves are brought to Portugal.Portugal.

1488 – Bartholmieu 1488 – Bartholmieu Dias rounded the Dias rounded the southern tip of Africa – southern tip of Africa – Cape of Good HopeCape of Good Hope

Christopher Christopher ColumbusColumbus

Spain united under Ferdinand and Spain united under Ferdinand and Isabella.Isabella.

Spain wanted to get in on the trade Spain wanted to get in on the trade Portugal was getting and wanted a sea Portugal was getting and wanted a sea route to Asia.route to Asia.

Columbus was certain the world was Columbus was certain the world was round, but greatly underestimated the round, but greatly underestimated the size of the world. He convinced Queen size of the world. He convinced Queen Isabella that he could sail west to Isabella that he could sail west to Asia.Asia.

Columbus landed on one of the Columbus landed on one of the Bahamas Islands on October 12, Bahamas Islands on October 12, 1492. 1492.

Thinking he had reached the Indies, Thinking he had reached the Indies, he called the natives “Indians”. he called the natives “Indians”.

He went on to explore the coastline He went on to explore the coastline of Cuba and other Caribbean of Cuba and other Caribbean Islands. Islands.


In all, Columbus made four In all, Columbus made four voyages to the Americas.voyages to the Americas.

At his death, Columbus felt that At his death, Columbus felt that Asia was not far beyond the Asia was not far beyond the Americas.Americas.


Tomb of Christopher

Columbus in the Cathedral of

Seville in Spain.

Tomb of Christopher

Columbus in the Cathedral of

Seville in Spain.

The Columbian ExchangeThe Columbian Exchange What was the impact of New World agriculture on the population of Europe? How did the introduction of European livestock change the lives of Native

Americans?

Take notes on what we talk about… Take notes on what we talk about…

The Truth about The Truth about Columbus… Columbus…

You only have 15 mins to read and You only have 15 mins to read and answer ?’sanswer ?’s

You can work with a partner… You can work with a partner… Read through the myths and then Read through the myths and then answer the questions on the board.answer the questions on the board.Be sure to talk over the questions with Be sure to talk over the questions with your partner!your partner!Every person needs to fill out their Every person needs to fill out their own paper.own paper.

The Treaty of TordesillasThe Treaty of Tordesillas Both Spain and Portugal felt Both Spain and Portugal felt

the other would claim their the other would claim their newly found territory.newly found territory.

The pope drew a Line of The pope drew a Line of Demarcation at 100 leagues Demarcation at 100 leagues (250 miles) west of the (250 miles) west of the Azores to separate Spanish Azores to separate Spanish and Portuguese claims.and Portuguese claims.

When Portugal complained, When Portugal complained, The Treaty of Tordesillas The Treaty of Tordesillas moved the line 270 leagues moved the line 270 leagues further west, giving Portugal further west, giving Portugal claim to Brazil.claim to Brazil.

The Treaty of Tordesillas The Treaty of Tordesillas (continued)(continued)

Other countries joined in the race to Other countries joined in the race to claim land in the New World.claim land in the New World. John Cabot explored the northeast coast of John Cabot explored the northeast coast of

North America for England.North America for England. Florentine Amerigo Vespucci explored Florentine Amerigo Vespucci explored

the South American coast for Spain. the South American coast for Spain. (America is named after him.)(America is named after him.)

Pedro Cabral claimed Brazil for Pedro Cabral claimed Brazil for Portugal.Portugal.

Vasco da GamaVasco da Gama

Da Gama was the Da Gama was the first European to sail first European to sail around Africa and around Africa and then to India.then to India.

The goods he The goods he brought back sold for brought back sold for 60 times the cost of 60 times the cost of the trip, but the trip, but 22//3 3 of his of his crew died of scurvy.crew died of scurvy.

Scurvy…Scurvy…

God, Gold, and GloryGod, Gold, and Glory There were many There were many

reasons why people reasons why people set out to explore set out to explore the world, but the the world, but the big three were God, big three were God, gold and glory.gold and glory.

One of the big pushes was to spread One of the big pushes was to spread Christianity, especially after the Christianity, especially after the Protestant Reformation began. Protestant Reformation began. Priest and missionaries went with Priest and missionaries went with the conquistadors and explorers.the conquistadors and explorers.

God, Gold, and GloryGod, Gold, and Glory

Money was to be made Money was to be made in exploration. in exploration.

Captains of successful Captains of successful voyages became voyages became heroes at home. heroes at home.

Many were driven by Many were driven by the promise of fame.the promise of fame.

BLING

Spanish ConquistadorsSpanish Conquistadors

Hernan Cortes – conquered the Hernan Cortes – conquered the Aztec with 550 men, guns, Aztec with 550 men, guns, cannons, and the aid of the cannons, and the aid of the people the Aztec had conquered.people the Aztec had conquered.

Francisco Pizzaro – defeated the Francisco Pizzaro – defeated the Inca in South America.Inca in South America.

Vasco de Balboa – crossed Vasco de Balboa – crossed Panama was the first European to Panama was the first European to see the Pacific Ocean in America.see the Pacific Ocean in America.

Spanish Conquistadors Spanish Conquistadors (continued)(continued)

Ponce de Leon – explored Florida Ponce de Leon – explored Florida looking for the “Fountain of looking for the “Fountain of Youth.”Youth.”

Hernando de Soto – explored the Hernando de Soto – explored the U.S. southeast where we areU.S. southeast where we are

Francisco de Coronado – explored Francisco de Coronado – explored the U.S. southwest. He was the the U.S. southwest. He was the first European to see the Grand first European to see the Grand Canyon.Canyon.

In 1519, Ferdinand Magellan set out In 1519, Ferdinand Magellan set out from Seville, Spain to sail to Asia by from Seville, Spain to sail to Asia by going west.going west.

In 1520, he went through the Strait In 1520, he went through the Strait of Magellan into the Pacific Ocean. of Magellan into the Pacific Ocean.

While crossing the Pacific, food and While crossing the Pacific, food and water became scarce, but the ships water became scarce, but the ships finally found land, the Philippines finally found land, the Philippines (Magellan named them after Spanish (Magellan named them after Spanish King Philip).King Philip).

Ferdinand MagellanFerdinand Magellan

Ferdinand Magellan Ferdinand Magellan (continued)(continued)

Magellan and some of his crew Magellan and some of his crew were killed fighting with the were killed fighting with the natives of the Philippines.natives of the Philippines.

In September 1522, one of the In September 1522, one of the ships, ships, VictoriaVictoria, arrived back in , arrived back in Seville, the first ship to sail Seville, the first ship to sail around the world. around the world.

Only 18 out of 243 sailors Only 18 out of 243 sailors survived.survived.

In Search of the Northwest In Search of the Northwest PassagePassage

Many of the explorers of North Many of the explorers of North America were looking for a America were looking for a Northwest Passage, a way Northwest Passage, a way through the continent to get to through the continent to get to Asia.Asia.

1534 – Jacques Cartier sailed up 1534 – Jacques Cartier sailed up the St. Lawrence River and the St. Lawrence River and claimed eastern North America claimed eastern North America for France. for France.

In Search of the Northwest In Search of the Northwest Passage Passage (continued)(continued)

1577-80 – Sir Francis Drake was looking for 1577-80 – Sir Francis Drake was looking for a western end of the Northwest Passage for a western end of the Northwest Passage for England. England. When he failed to find one, he went west, sailing When he failed to find one, he went west, sailing

around the world robbing Spanish ships as he around the world robbing Spanish ships as he went. went.

His voyage made a profit of 4,700%.His voyage made a profit of 4,700%. Henry Hudson – Explored Hudson River and Henry Hudson – Explored Hudson River and

Hudson Bay for the Dutch (1609) and then Hudson Bay for the Dutch (1609) and then was hired by the British (1620) but his crew was hired by the British (1620) but his crew mutinied. mutinied. He was abandoned by the ship and never seen He was abandoned by the ship and never seen

again.again.

European ColoniesEuropean Colonies

Portugal – Brazil, west and east Portugal – Brazil, west and east coasts of Africa, India, Indonesia coasts of Africa, India, Indonesia (Spice Islands).(Spice Islands). Portugal was ruled by Spain from Portugal was ruled by Spain from

1580 to 1640 and lost most of its 1580 to 1640 and lost most of its possessions.possessions.

Spain – The Philippines, most of Spain – The Philippines, most of South America, Mexico, South America, Mexico, California.California.

European European Colonies Colonies (continued)(continued)

England England 1607 – Jamestown, Va.1607 – Jamestown, Va.- 1620 – Plymouth, 1620 – Plymouth,

Massachusetts.Massachusetts.- Claimed the area Claimed the area

around the Hudson around the Hudson BayBay

- 1600 – British East 1600 – British East India Company set up India Company set up to foster Asian trade.to foster Asian trade.

European Colonies European Colonies (continued)(continued)

France - 1608 – Samuel de France - 1608 – Samuel de Champlain built Quebec and then Champlain built Quebec and then Montreal on the fur trade.Montreal on the fur trade.- 1673 – Fur trader Louis Joliet and 1673 – Fur trader Louis Joliet and

Jesuit priest Jacques Marquette Jesuit priest Jacques Marquette explored the upper Mississippi River.explored the upper Mississippi River.

- 1682 – Robert le Salle mapped the 1682 – Robert le Salle mapped the Mississippi to its mouth. Mississippi to its mouth. - He claimed the whole river valley for He claimed the whole river valley for France naming it Louisiana for French France naming it Louisiana for French King Louis XIV.King Louis XIV.

European Colonies European Colonies (continued)(continued)

The Netherlands – 1602 – the Dutch The Netherlands – 1602 – the Dutch East India Company is formed. East India Company is formed. - While Portugal is ruled by Spain, the While Portugal is ruled by Spain, the

Dutch take over much of their empire.Dutch take over much of their empire.- 1626 – The Dutch buy Manhattan Island 1626 – The Dutch buy Manhattan Island

for about $25.for about $25.- The Dutch build their colony, New The Dutch build their colony, New

Holland, around the city, New Holland, around the city, New Amsterdam. Amsterdam.

- The British seize the colony in 1664, The British seize the colony in 1664, renaming both colony and city New York.renaming both colony and city New York.

Bell Ringer: 4-9-14Bell Ringer: 4-9-14

Triangular Trade System Map page Triangular Trade System Map page 568568 Answer questions 1 & 2 based on the Answer questions 1 & 2 based on the

map.map.

““Analyzing Primary Sources” Analyzing Primary Sources” Activity page 569Activity page 569 Read the description of a journey on a Read the description of a journey on a

slave ship and answer questions 1 & 2slave ship and answer questions 1 & 2

Economics of Economics of Exploration!Exploration! Essential Standards:Essential Standards:

WH 2.4

Analyze the rise and spread of various empires in terms of influence, achievements and lasting impact.

WH 2.7

Analyze the relationship between trade routes and the development and decline of major empires.

WH 3.4

Analyze how the desire for farmable land created conflict and impacted the physical environments of Europe, Asia, Africa and the Americas

WH 5.2

Explain the causes and effects of exploration and expansion.

WH 5.3

Analyze colonization in terms of the desire for access to resources and markets as well as the consequences on indigenous cultures, population, and environment.

Effects of the Age of Effects of the Age of ExplorationExploration

World Trade IncreasedWorld Trade Increased New trade routes ended the Italian monopoly New trade routes ended the Italian monopoly

on Asian goods.on Asian goods. London, Amsterdam, Bristol, and Antwerp London, Amsterdam, Bristol, and Antwerp

develop as trade centers.develop as trade centers. From Asia From Asia – spices, gems, paper, ivory, – spices, gems, paper, ivory,

porcelain, textiles, tea and coffeeporcelain, textiles, tea and coffee From the Americas From the Americas – potatoes, tobacco, – potatoes, tobacco,

cocoa, corn, furs, codfish, timber, pitch, cocoa, corn, furs, codfish, timber, pitch, turpentine, sugar, molasses, rum, and turpentine, sugar, molasses, rum, and indigo.indigo.

From Africa From Africa – hardwoods, ivory, gold, ostrich – hardwoods, ivory, gold, ostrich feathers, and slaves.feathers, and slaves.

Effects of the Age of Effects of the Age of Exploration Exploration (continued)(continued)

The Slave Trade Grew and Became RacistThe Slave Trade Grew and Became Racist Before the discovery of America, slavery was Before the discovery of America, slavery was

not based on race, but a person captured in not based on race, but a person captured in war, or one who could not pay their debts or war, or one who could not pay their debts or taxes.taxes.

After the slave trade grew, Europeans began After the slave trade grew, Europeans began viewing Africans as born to be slaves. Many viewing Africans as born to be slaves. Many used the Bible to justify this.used the Bible to justify this.

Around 20 million people were taken from Around 20 million people were taken from Africa and shipped to the Americas as slaves.Africa and shipped to the Americas as slaves.

¼ of the people shipped on slave ships died ¼ of the people shipped on slave ships died during the voyage. during the voyage.

The Middle PassageThe Middle Passage

The Slave Trade

• Europeans began to use slave labor in their colonies to grow crops, mine, etc.

• Native Americans used for a while, but Africans began to be brought to the Americas.

• The slave trade then became the main focus of Europe’s relations with Africa.

What was the Triangular Trade?

• System of trade between Europe, Africa, and the Americas.

• Stage 1: Raw materials to Europe (tobacco, rum, sugar)

• Stage 2: Manufactured goods to Africa (guns, cloth, rum)

• Stage 3: Slaves to the Americas to make raw materials.

The Triangular Trade


New Business Practices DevelopedNew Business Practices Developed Merchants looked for new ways to protect, Merchants looked for new ways to protect,

invest, and borrow money.invest, and borrow money. Banking grew in the 16Banking grew in the 16thth century. century. Checks, bank notes, and bills of exchange Checks, bank notes, and bills of exchange

came into widespread use.came into widespread use. Merchants banded together and Merchants banded together and

contributed to a common fund to protect contributed to a common fund to protect against losses, the beginning of insurance against losses, the beginning of insurance companies.companies.


New Business Practices Developed New Business Practices Developed (continued)(continued)

Joint-stock companies develop.Joint-stock companies develop. The British East India CompanyThe British East India Company The Dutch East India CompanyThe Dutch East India Company

Stock exchanges.Stock exchanges. Stocks were traded.Stocks were traded. Dividends paid.Dividends paid.


Modern Capitalism is BornModern Capitalism is Born CapitalismCapitalism – the economic system – the economic system

where private companies, not the where private companies, not the government owns the businesses.government owns the businesses.

Profit motive.Profit motive. Capitalism developed first in Capitalism developed first in

businesses needing large amounts businesses needing large amounts of money to operate.of money to operate.

The coining of more money.The coining of more money.


Prices Rise in EuropePrices Rise in Europe Gold and silver poured into Spain Gold and silver poured into Spain

from the New World.from the New World. The availability of gold led to The availability of gold led to

inflation, the increase of prices.inflation, the increase of prices.


European Countries Begin Following European Countries Begin Following Mercantilist PoliciesMercantilist Policies The theory developed that a country would The theory developed that a country would

become rich and strong if it exported more become rich and strong if it exported more than it imported. This is called than it imported. This is called mercantilismmercantilism. . Page 574Page 574

Countries tried to achieve a favorable balance Countries tried to achieve a favorable balance of trade.of trade.

Colonies became important to mercantilist Colonies became important to mercantilist countries.countries.

Raw materials.Raw materials. Markets for goods.Markets for goods. To control waterways and trade routes.To control waterways and trade routes.


A Revolution in World EcologyA Revolution in World Ecology Ecology – the distribution of plant and Ecology – the distribution of plant and

animal life.animal life. The coffee bean, native to the Middle East, The coffee bean, native to the Middle East,

was brought to South America.was brought to South America. From the Americas…From the Americas…

Sweet potatoes – to AsiaSweet potatoes – to Asia Potatoes, tobacco, and corn – to EuropePotatoes, tobacco, and corn – to Europe

To the Americas from EuropeTo the Americas from Europe Grains - wheat, rye, oats, riceGrains - wheat, rye, oats, rice Animals – horse, donkey, mule, ox, pigs, goats, Animals – horse, donkey, mule, ox, pigs, goats,

sheep, chickenssheep, chickens Sugar cane – from Spain to the Caribbean.Sugar cane – from Spain to the Caribbean.

Why did thy come? Why did thy come? (video)(video)

Is Progress always Is Progress always Positive?Positive?

What is “Neo-Colonialism”?What is “Neo-Colonialism”? Why is Asia interested in Africa? Who is being helped the most

and hurt the most through Neo-Colonialism?

Do you think this is fair or right?

bell ringer! if you could go anywhere in the world, where would you go? … and why? if you could go...

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