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BELENE NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
March 1, 2013
Introduction
o Electricity Generation – 45 710 GWh
• Total Carbon Free – 52.72%
� Nuclear Power – 44.61%
• Imported Coal and Gas Fired – 18.97%
Electricity Production in 2006
Power Supply and DemandIntroduction
System Adequacy
South Eastern UCTE block:
� The remaining capacity of the block is low and reliability is not ensured over 2006 on to 2015.
� Margins are 3 GW below ARM for summer load and 1 GW below for winter peak in 2008
� The situation will be worsened if expected investments are not realised. (only 1.5 GW are planned to be commissioned from 2006 to 2010)
Introduction
Romania + Bulgaria block:
• Generation capacity is decreasing slowly from 2006 to 2010 but adequacy is achieved for this period.
• ARM is just met in summer 2010
• In 2015 the NGC remains at the same level as 2006 : additional investments up to 2 GW are needed to meet the ARM.
Introduction
In 18 European countries
o there are approx. 200 NPP with an installed net capacity of roughly 170 000 MW
In Bulgaria
o Kozloduy NPP - 6 units with installed capacity of 3760 MW
• U1&2 shutdown in 2002
• U3&4 shutdown in 2006
• U5&6 in operation
• Total 141 reactor-years operational
experience
o Belene NPP – 2 units under construction with installed capacity of 2000 MW
Nuclear Energy in the European Energy MixIntroduction
1950 2010 1990 1970 2030 2050
Fusion
Generation IV (future concepts on paper)
Generation III (EPR, EPP, SWR 1000, ABWR, AES 92, AP1000, ACR 1000)
Generation II (PWR, BWR, RBMK, AGR, Candu, FBR)
Generation I
All NPPs in operation
Nuclear New Build R&D Status
Only few NPPs still in
operation
Nuclear Technology in Continuous DevelopmentIntroduction
Notification under Euratom Treaty Investment Project
o Article 105:
• The agreement for construction of Belene NPP between NEK and Atomstroyexport JSC was signed in November 2006 as a Turn Key EPC Contract
• The Agreement has been sent under article 105 of Euratom Treaty to the EC before the end of January 2007
o Article 41:
• Communication of an investment project under Article 41 Euratom Treaty: The construction of a new nuclear power plant “Belene” provided on 23 February 2007
• Additional information requested
• The supplementary information by answering the questions provided
• To help the preparation of the Commission Point of View a meeting was organized on 6 July 2007 with the possibility to present the Belene project
Investment Project: Summary of the Q/A process
Question/Answer sequence: � First set of questions received on 26 April 2007
� All answered on 23 May 2007
� Second set (of 5) questions received on June 22, 2007
� Third set (of 2) questions received on June 26, 2007
Grouping of the questions: � Financing aspects 15 questions � Decommissioning plans 12 questions � Radwaste generation/treatment 12 questions � Fuel type and supply 9 questions � Installation/systems features 9 questions � Owner/Supplier/Subcontractors 8 questions � Licensing process 7 questions
Notification under Euratom Treaty
Fuel Supply Contracts
o Main Task: • To ensure security of nuclear supplies to all users in the Community
o Instrument: • Common supply policy based on equal access of Utilities to source of supply
o Powers: • Exclusive right to conclude contracts for the supply of nuclear materials
o Conclusion of the Supply Contracts: • When there is transfer of ownership • Applies to all supply contracts from Inside and Outside the Community • Have to be concluded by ESA to be valid under Community law
o Notification of contracts as an exception to their conclusion: • When the material is to return to the principal
o Before the submission to the ESA: • Parties negotiate the supply contracts without ESA participation • Parties always submit the draft contracts to ESA for advice
o If the ESA agrees with the contract: • ESA concludes the contract by co-signing the 3 originals • ESA returns 2 originals to the parties
Notification under Euratom Treaty
Project Status Decision Making Process
o Decision to Re-activate BNPP December 2002
o Decision in principle April 2004
o Final Decision April 2005
Public Procurement Order
o NEK decision for Public Procurement Order 10 May 2005
o Announcement of Public procurement order 11 May 2005
o Applications submittal 27 June 2005 • JSC ASE • Skoda Alliance
o Pre-qualification of candidates 19 July 2005 • JSC ASE • Skoda Alliance
o Bids submittal 1 Feb 2006 • 62 000 pages of offer documentation
o Review and Clarification 1 Feb / 26 July 2006 • 1580 written questions submitted to the two Candidates • 1840 negotiation positions agreed
o Bids Evaluation 26 July / 29 Oct 2006 • Evaluation Report in nine volumes, more than 3 500 pages
Project Status
Project Objectives
o Belene NPP design is based on proven and advanced features
o Evolutionary approach has been carefully selected:
� it is considered as the best approach for large power plants
� it allows to benefit fully from operating experience
� it minimizes the risk for investors and operators
o Belene NPP safety is at the highest level
o Belene NPP benefits from large operating experience
feedback and comprehensive R&D program
o Belene NPP provides efficient and friendly operating and maintenance conditions
o Belene NPP is designed to achieve high efficiency, high availability and low operating
costs
Project Status
Bid Invitation Specification
o Basic Safety Principles for Nuclear Power Plants, INSAG-12, 1999
o Quality Assurance for Safety in Nuclear Power Plants and Other
Nuclear Installations, 50-C/SG-Q, 2001
o European Utility Requirements for LWRs
• General Requirements
• Nuclear Island Requirements
• Power Generation Plant Requirements
o FIDIC Silver book
Project Status
Scope of Supply and Services
o Base option • NPP as a whole • Fuel Supply and SF Management
o Alternative options • Nuclear Island • Turbine Island • Fuel supply and SF Management
o Approach • Completion or • Green Field
Fuel Supply
Spent Fuel
Turbine IslandNuclear Island
Balance Of Plant
I&C
Project Status
Criteria for Limited Impact
No Emergency Protection Action beyond 800 m No Long Term Action beyond 800 m
Limited economic impact No Delayed Action beyond 3 km
o Release Targets for Design Basis Category 3 and 4 Conditions • no action beyond 800 m • limited economic impact
o Criteria for Limited Impact for Design Extended Conditions • no Emergency Protection Action beyond 800 m • no Delayed Action beyond 3 km • no Long Term Action beyond 800 m • limited economic impact
Project Status
Economic Bid Evaluationo IAEA Methodology o IAEA Software – BidEval 3.0: • IAEA Account system:
� Capital Investment Costs
� O&M Costs
� Fuel Costs
� Decommissioning Cost
� Radioactive Waste Management Costs
� Financial and other Costs
• Levelized electricity cost
Project Status
Highlights of Evaluation V 466 Evolutionary Design vs V 320 Serial Design
0 50 100 150
V 320
V 466
%
Annual Electricity Production
0 50 100 150
V 320
V 466
%
Annual Uranium Consumption
0 50 100 150
V 320
V 466
%
Annual Spent Fuel Generation
0 50 100 150
V 320
V 466
%
Current Levelized Electricity Cost
Project Status
Early Large Release Frequency
0 50 100 150
V 320
V 466
%
-99.95%
V 320 Serial Design V 466 Evolutionary Design
Reactor Protection System 1x100% 1x200%
Fast Boron Injection System 0 4x25%
Safety Protection Systems including
DG+UPS+I&C+HVAC+SW
3x100% 4x100%
Passive ECCS 4x50% 4x50%+4x33%
Passive Heat Removal System 0 4x33%
Melted Core Retention and Cooling System 0 1x100%
Project Status Highlights of Evaluation V 466 Evolutionary Design
vs V 320 Serial Design Core Damage Frequency
0 50 100 150
V 320
V 466
%
-98.5%
Sensitivity Analysis V 466 Evolutionary Design
90,9
111,1
100,0
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
-15% -10% -5% 0% 5% 10% 15%
Average Load Factor
100,0
100,4
99,6
80
85
90
95
100
105
-15% -10% -5% 0% 5% 10% 15%
Escalation Rate
103,2
100,0
96,9
80
85
90
95
100
105
-15% -10% -5% 0% 5% 10% 15%
Discount Rate
102,2
100,097,9
80
85
90
95
100
105
-15% -10% -5% 0% 5% 10% 15%
Interest
Project Status
Public Procurement Order
o Contractor of NPP Belene Selected 30 Oct 2006
• JSC Atomstroyexport as Main Contractor
• Areva NP and Siemens as Main Foreign Subcontractor
o Agreement between NEK and ASE signed 29 Nov 2006
Project Status
General Data
Reactor type PWR
Plant supplier ASE, AREVA NP
Reactor thermal power 3012 MW
Electric output 1049 MW
Net efficiency 35 %
Capacity factor 90 %
Design Life Time 60 years
Project Status
Main Equipment
Reactor type PWR Russian Design
VVER 1000/V 466
Reactor thermal power 3012 MW
Service Life 60 years
Loops 4
Core inlet temperature 289 C
Core outlet temperature 321 C
Coolant pressure 15.7 MPa
Direct Safety Injection in RPV
Emergency Steam-Gas
Removal System
Project Status
Main Equipment: Core
FA Type Advansed with
bow resistant skeleton
FA Number 163
FR Number 312
Fuel material UO2
- Average enrichment 4.361% UO2
- Integrated burnable absorber 5% Gd2O3
Skeleton material
- SG and GT Zr Alloy
FP burn up 66.6 MWd/kg U
FR burn up 61.2 MWd/kg U
Average FA burn up 55.0 MWd/kg U
Project Status
Main Equipment: Steam GeneratorsSG Type Horizontal Heat transfer capacity 4x753 MW Mass of water 4x63 t Steam flow 4x408 kg/s Steam pressure 6.72 MPa Steam moisture 0.2% Feedwater temperature 220 C Fast acting steam dump valve 4x250kg/s Main Steam Safety valves 4x2x258 kg/s
ggg pppMain Steam Safety valves
Project Status
Main Equipment: Pressurizer
Pressure 15.7 MPa Temperature 346 C Volume 79 m3
Water volume 55 m3
Steam volume 24 m3
PSVs 3 PSV flow (steam/water) 55/222 kg/s PSV Lift-up set points 18,1/18,6 MPa
Project Status
Main Equipment
Turbine K-1000-60/3000
Type HP+4xLP
Speed 3000 rev/min
Bypass 8*125 kg/s (62% of nom. power)
Generator TVV-1000-2UZ
Rated output 1111 MVA
Voltage 24 kV
Frequency 50 Hz
Project Status
Main Equipment: Electrical Systems
Main Transformers 2x630 MVA
Voltage 24/400 kV
Auxiliary Transformers 2x63 MVA
Voltage 24/6.3 kV
Start up Transformers 2x63 MVA
Voltage 110/6.3 kV
Emergency DG 4x6.3 MW
Additional DG 2x6 MW
Project Status
Main Equipment: I&C Systems
Hierarchical structure of safety I&C
Hierarchical structure of normal operation condition I&C
Project Status
Operating and Maintenance
� Large operating margin and outstanding flexibility to accommodate the various
needs of the utilities:
� Cycle Length 12 to 24 months
� Average outage time for maintenance and refueling below 20 days (refueling
outage 14 days)
� Operator friendly man-machine interface
� Simplified maintenance (4 trains, digital I&C,….)
� Preventive Maintenance of the 4 train systems during power operation: SIS/RHRS,
EFWS, Emergency Diesel Generators (EDGs), Component Cooling Water System
(CCWS), Essential Service Water System (ESWS)
� Enhanced radiological protection
� Less waste and effluents
Project Status
Safety FeaturesProject Status
Safety Objectives – A two fold strategy:
1. Enhancement of the prevention level of the defense in depth safety concept, particularly to reduce significantly severe accident probability
2. Mitigation of severe accidents consequences up to and including core meltdown accidents
Safety FeaturesProject Status
Original VVER Design Safety Features
In Containment Passive ECCS
(4x50 m3)
Direct Safety Injection into RPV
SIS suction line directly linked to IRWST
Accident Steam-Gas Removal System
Lower core elevation relative to the cold leg cross over piping
Larger SG and Pressurizer volume
Large water source in the IRWST, draining by gravity into the corium retention area
Project Status
Main Safety SystemsProject Status
Double Containment with
Ventilation and Filtration
Passive Heat Removal System
ECCS - Water Reserves inside the
Containment (1910 m3)
IRWST – 750 m3
ECCS I – 4x50 m3
ECCS II – 8x120 m3
SG Emergency Cooling and Blow
down System
Fast Boron Injection System
Melted Core Catcher
Containment Structure
Primary Containment:
- pre-stressed reinforced concrete
- leak tight metal liner
Secondary Containment:
- reinforced concrete
- leak tight metal liner
DBA and BDBA Conditions:
- Pressure – 0.5 MPa
- Temperatire – 210 C
- Radiation – 0.277 Gy/h
- Volume H2 Concentration – 1.5%
Project Status
Severe Accident Management Systems
Passive Heat Removal System - Natural recirculation driven
- Capacity 4x33%
Project Status
Severe Accident Management Systems
Corium retention and cooling area
Capacity 1x100%
Strategy:
- prevention of basemat concrete erosion
- maintain containment integrity
Measures:
- core catcher on basis of a melt retention
concept
- water cooling from top and bottom
Result:
- stabilization of melt on defined area
- solidification of core melt within 3 to 5 days
Project Status
Severe Accident Management Systems
Hydrogen Mitigation System
- 154 Catalytic recombiners
- Maximum hydrogen concentration in the long term –
0.56%
- Local peak hydrogen concentration in any time in dry
air condition – 1.8%
- Local peak hydrogen concentration in any time if
partial inertisation by steam exist – 0.7%
Project Status
Severe Accident Management Systems
Passive Leak Purification System
- Convection driven
- Purification Efficiency
- Aerosols – 99.9%
- Molecular Iodine – 99.9%
- Organic Iodine – 99.0%
- Leak Purification Flow – up to 500 kg/h
Project Status
Basic DiagramProject Status
Protection against External Hazards
UCA
4
UCB
3 2
1
UJA UKC
UKA
Reactor building, Fuel building, Safety Systems Building,
Main Control Room, Remote Shut down Building - protected
against the impact by design
The DG Building 1, 2 and 3, 4 - protected against the impact
by separation
Reinforced Concrete Protection
Protection by separation
Standard Protection
Project Status
Licensing Status
o Pre-project Phase
• Data Gathering 2002-2003
• Feasibility Study 2003-2004
• Environmental Impact Assessment 2003-2004
• EIA Approval November 2004
• Public Hearings 2004-2005
o Site Selection Phase
• Site Selection Application August 2004
• Site Selection Permit December 2004
• Site Selection Phase 2004-2006
• Site Approval Order December 2006
o Design Phase
• Design Application October 2005
• Design Permit May 2007
• Design Phase 2007-
Project Status
Design Certification
o VVER AES 92 Design has successfully passed all the steps of the analysis of
compliance vs European Utility Requirements for LWR Plants for 1998-2006
o VVER AES 92 Design was certified in April 2007
Project Status
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015
Project Schedule
Site Selection
Contractor Selection
Design
Site Preparation
Construction
Commissioning
Project Status
Financing of Engineering and Construction Phases
Public Procurement Award Procedure for
Engineering Phase Financing EUR 250M Feb 2007
Syndicated Loan Agreement signed May 2007
Syndication July 2007
Public Procurement Award Procedure for
A Lead Structuring and Arranging Bank July 2007
Process in two phases:
- structuring
- arranging
Next steps:
Document submission Sep 2007
Appointment/Signing Nov 2007
Financial Closure July 2008
Project Status
lnvitation of Expresions of lnterest for Strategic
Investor for the Belene Project May 2007
EOI Submittal June 2007
Expressed Interest:
7 Utilities
2 Electricity trading companies
1 Base load electricity consumer
Next steps:
Short list July 2007
Non-disclosure agreement July 2007
Information memorandum July 2007
Negotiations Sep 2007
Appointment/Signing Dec 2007
Financing of Engineering and Construction PhasesProject Status
11.7.2007
31.1.2008
15.7.2008
23.1.2007
2.5.2007
11.7.200721.5.2007
31.12.2007 15.11.2007
10.10.2006
8.4.2007
5.10.2007
2.4.2008
29.9.2008
Engineering Phase
Financing
Partner Choice
Financial Closure
EndStartSigning
Financing of Engineering and Construction PhasesProject Status
Other Aspects
Non Active and VLLW
Low and Intermediate Level Waste
High Level Waste
Processing Processing Decay on site storage
Activity control
Free releaseMeasurement
Land Fill Interim on site storage
National Repository
Radioactive Waste Processing
HLW sorting and fragmentation
ILW combustible sorting and burningpressed sorting and pressingmetals sorting and fragmentation
packaging
LLW combustible sorting and burningpressed sorting and pressingmetals sorting and fragmentation
Total volume of processed LLW 46 m3/a per Unit or 0.005 ccm/kWh
Other Aspects
RW Storage and Disposal Facilities
� Existing RW Processing and Storage Facilities � at Kozloduy Site for LLRW and ILRW operational and decommissioning wastes from NPP
� At Novi Han Site for other nuclear application
� National RW Strategy approved by the Government in 2004
� Near Surface Disposal Facility for LLRW and ILRW in 2015
� National RW Disposal Facility
� Conceptual Design Phase 2006-2007
� Site Selection 2006-2008
� Environmental Impact Assessment Report 2007-2008
� Design and Construction Phase 2009-2014
� Planned Commissioning in 2015
� Future RW Processing and Storage Facilities
� at Belene Site for LLW and ILW operational and decommissioning wastes from NPP
Other Aspects
RW Management and Decommissioning Funds
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
MBGN
RWMF 5 33 59 93 118 141 160 180 190DF 1 67 169 297 454 569 683 824 864
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
RW Management Fund and Decommissioning Fund established in 1995
Real functioning of the Funds started in 1999 after approval of the
corresponding Regulations
National Electric Company and later Kozloduy NPP started payments since 1999
Total Nuclear Funds Amount – 1 054 MBGN till May 2007
Other Aspects
The Decommissioning Fund shall be: o Adequate
o Available when the time comes
o Used exclusively for the purpose for which it has been established
o Managed in the transparent manner
Approach used: o NPV (Decommissioning Costs)=NPV (Fund income)
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Other Aspects
Operation and Decommissioning
TPSE TSE TD&D t0 DLT
T2
Cost Groups/Stages
Operation ……….....
Pre-decommissioning Activities ………….......
Facility Shutdown Activities ………………………
Equipment/Material Procurement ………….......
Defueling ……………………………………………….........
Site Security, Surveillance and Maintenance …….......
Dismantling Activities ……………………………………………………………………
Waste Processing, Storage and Disposal ………………………………………………..
Site Restoration, Cleanup and Landscaping ……………………………………………….
Project Management, Engineering and Site Support
Other Aspects
The Nuclear Fuel Cycle
o Experience in the Fuel Cycle Activities • QC during Fabrication
• Operation
• Interim SF Storage
• SF Transport
o SF Management Strategy • Short term � SF storage in the in-containment
spent fuel pools
• Medium and Long term � Return the SF for reprocessing in
the country of origin
� Interim SF storage in DSFSF at the
site is foreseen also.
Other Aspects
Spent Fuel Management
0,1
1
10
100
1000
10000
10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000
Years
Pu
ACT
FP
U 94-96%
Pu 1%
FP 3-5% ACT 0.1%
Reprocessing
Other Aspects
Public Acceptance
Nuclear power ensures lower and more stable energy prices
69 7279
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2002 2004 2006
AgainstUncertainFavour
National Support
97,2%
2,3% 0,5%
Favour Against Uncertain
Local Support in 2004
Other Aspects
NGOs Claims against Belene Project
o ����������� ��������-8/ 2004 on the Environmental Impact Assessment Report of Belene NPP
• The three-������������� ����������������� �� ������� ����� ��������������� ����!""���������03/20/2006 rejected as ungrounded the claims
• The five-������������� ����������������� �� ������� ��������� ���#�$���������'";�<;�''>����������� �� � ��������� ����!"";�'?'@?�''X������ ���������� �� �����������"@�!;�''<���� ���Supreme Administrative Court remains in force. The Judgment is final and subject to no appeal.
o ����������� ����������������������������� �������������������
construction of a nuclear power plant on Belene site
• The three-������������� ����������������� �� ������� ������ ��������������� ���$><����������18.05.2006 rejects as ungrounded the claims
• The five-������������� ����������������� �� ������� ��������� ���""X$"����������@;"";�''X����������� �� � ��������� ���$><�;"#?'<?�''X������ ���������� �� �����������$><��;�''<���� ���Supreme Administrative Court , Section V, remains in force. The Judgment is final and subject to no appeal.
o All judgments of the Supreme Administrative Court of Bulgaria are published on
http://www.sac.government.bg
Other Aspects
CONCLUSIONS
VVER-1000/V466: an innovative reactor born from proven technology
VVER-1000/V466: successfully passed all the steps of analysis of compliance with EUR requirements for generation III reactors
VVER-1000/V466: built-in capability to increase power output, allowing further improvement of economics