behind the civil war civil war song. war begins modern war strategy- union strategy- confederacy...
TRANSCRIPT
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Behind the Civil War
Civil War
Song
Song
Song
Song
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Behind the Civil War
War Begins
Modern War
Strategy-UnionStrate
gy-Confederacy
Advantages-Union
Advantages-Confederacy
Government Powers
Raising Armies
Supplying ArmiesWar P
oliticsOthers in the War
Soldier’s Lives
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War Begins
• Election of 1860• Secession of lower states• Confederate States of America– Jefferson Davis first President
• Firing on Ft. Sumter• Virginia Secedes followed by Ark., NC,
and Tenn.• 11 States Leave Union
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Modern War
• Uses both old and new methods of war
• Cavalry, Muzzle Rifles, Battlefield Formations
• Railroads, telegraph, drafts, submarines, armored ships, observation balloons
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Strategy-Union
• Constrictor (Anaconda) Plan developed by Winfield Scott
• Divide the south through the Mississippi and control access to its ports
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Strategy-Confederacy
• Defensive battle
• European recognition
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Advantages-Union
• Most of the population
• Large advantages in resources
• Most of the transportation and industry
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Advantages-Confederacy
• Defending their homes
• Strong sectional pride
• Better military tradition and leadership
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Government Powers
• Both sides had to increase central government powers
• Raise an army• Supply armies• Finance the war• Suppress any opposition
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Raising Armies
• Northern Advantage• Volunteers at first• Drafts begin– Riots– Bounties paid– Substitution possible
• Many volunteers
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Supplying Armies
• Northern Advantages• Industrial Capacity• Transportation Capabilities• Financial Centers• Foraging the land• Shortages
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War Politics
• War to Preserve Union• Civil rights were restricted• Emancipation Debated– Needed higher cuase
• Emancipation Proclamation– Jan 1, 1863
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Others in the War
• African Americans– Segregated Forces– 54th Massachusetts
• Women– Nursing– Clara Barton
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Soldier’s Lives
• Disillusionment of war• Filthy conditions• Poor food• Bad medical care• Prison camps– Andersonville
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Civil War
Shots Fired
ShilohAnti
etamVicksburgCon
federate Victories
Gettysburg
South is Split
Sherman’s March
Grant in Pursuit
War’s End
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Shots Fired
• War begins at Fort Sumter, S.C. 1861• Bull Run• July 1861• Southern Victory• Did not pursue the retreating Union
army• Citizens watched the battle
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Shiloh
• April 1862
• Costly victory for Grant
• Demonstrated the cost of victory would be great
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Antietam
• Sept, 1862
• Bloodiest single day of the war
• Union victory for McClellan
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Vicksburg
• Nov. 1862
• Grant surrounds city on the Mississippi
• Try to split the south
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Confederate Victories
• Confederates greatly outnumbered but Lee still wins
• Dec. 1862– Fredericksburg
• May 1863– Chancellorsville– Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson is killed
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Gettysburg
• July 1863• Lee invades North• Little Round Top• Cemetery Ridge• Pickett’s Charge• Turning point of the war as Lee is
defeated• Gettysburg Address given by Lincoln
several months later
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South is Split
• July 1863
• Grant captures Vicksburg after long siege
• Grant is called to command Union armies
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Sherman’s March
• 1864• “March to the Sea”• Total War– “War is Hell”
• Burning of Atlanta• Destroy the will to fight
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Grant in Pursuit
• 1864• Lee in retreat• Grant attacks repreatedly at great loss of
life• Lincoln wants speedy end to war
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War’s End
• April 1865
• Grant surrounds Lee outside Richmond
• Surrender at Appomattox