behaviour change and intervention research
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Behaviour change and intervention
researchSocial psychology with a real-world impact (?)
![Page 2: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
“If you want truly to understand something, try to change it.”
(Attributed to Kurt Lewin)
Source: Wikimedia Commons
![Page 3: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Why do researchWhat’s the point?
![Page 4: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The scientific landscapeMurky paths in the world of experiments
Kimmo Savolainen Photography (with permission)
![Page 5: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The evolution of academiaScientific progress
results from the free play of intellects, dictated by their
curiosity
(Vannevar Bush, 1945)[see link]
you throw something at the wall, and P is less
than 0.05, you win
(Bruce Cuthbert, 2014)[see link]
![Page 6: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Link to source (Nature)
![Page 9: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Fear of the HARK• Hypothesising• After the• Results are• Known
(… without saying so and testing with new data)
![Page 10: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Outcome switching
http://compare-trials.org/blog/jama-reject-all-correction-letters/
![Page 11: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Publication bias• Positive results get published• The rest stay hidden, banished
in file drawers
![Page 12: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
But why…?• Incentives
– Surprising results media time fame grants
• “Publish or perish”– Replications & null results harder to get published
• Many on top of the academic food chain don’t see a problem
– Surprise surprise…
![Page 14: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Solutions• Pre-registration:
– saying what you predict, in advance– great exercise to clarify what you’re
doing! As predicted DRKS
• New publishing platforms:– less corporate control
• Transparency and openness: – citizen science!
“We report how we determined our sample
size, all data exclusions (if any), all manipulations
and all measures in the study.”
- Simmons, Nelson & Simonsohn (2012):
A 21 word solution
![Page 15: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Health behaviour interventionsA rationale
![Page 17: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Dying in Finland
Source: WHO
11% of people aged 30-70 die prematurely due to cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular / chronic respiratory diseases
![Page 19: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
“Killed by death”… or one’s own behaviour?
Human body ill adapted to regular excess…
• boozing
• eating
• smoking
• inactivity
(Motörhead; Mark Marek Photography)
![Page 20: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Causality?
(Excess…)• boozing• eating• smoking• inactivity
• Cardiovascular diseases• Cancer• Diabetes• Chronic respiratory
diseases
• Impaired quality of life & premature death
![Page 21: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Causality?
(Excess…)• boozing• eating• smoking• inactivity
• Cardiovascular diseases• Cancer• Diabetes• Chronic respiratory
diseases
• Impaired quality of life & premature death
Intervention
![Page 22: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Causality?
(Excess…)• boozing• eating• smoking• inactivity
BAD STUFF
GAME
OVER
Determinants• Social
norms• Knowledge• Attitudes• … etc.
Intervention
![Page 23: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Causality?
(Excess…)• boozing• eating• smoking• inactivity
BAD STUFF
GAME
OVER
Determinants• Social
norms• Knowledge• Attitudes• … etc.
Intervention
Behaviour change methods translated to a hopefully effective application
![Page 24: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Causality?
(Excess…)• boozing• eating• smoking• inactivity
BAD STUFF
GAME
OVER
Determinants• Social
norms• Knowledge• Attitudes• … etc.
Intervention
Behaviour change methods translated to a hopefully effective application
Theoretical Domains Framework (Michie et al. 2005) as a checklist?
![Page 25: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Side note: Reporting matters”[Due to poor description in most RCTs] the reader is left with data on whether or not an intervention works, but little insight into what the intervention is”- MRC guidance on process evaluation, p. 39 [link]
Accumulation of knowledge…?
![Page 26: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Causality?
Boozing
Inactivity
Eating
Smoking
Hypothetical example; see Borsboom (2017) for overview of approach.
Phase 1: A person’s dormant network in stable state
![Page 27: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Causality?
Boozing
Inactivity
Eating
Smoking
Hypothetical example; see Borsboom (2017) for overview of approach.
Unemployment
Phase 2: External event appears
![Page 28: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Causality?
Boozing
Inactivity
Eating
Smoking
Hypothetical example; see Borsboom (2017) for overview of approach.
Unemployment
Phase 2: The event activates the network
![Page 29: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Causality?
Boozing
Inactivity
Eating
Smoking
Hypothetical example; see Borsboom (2017) for overview of approach.
Unemployment
Phase 3: Symptom spread
![Page 30: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Causality?
Boozing
Inactivity
Eating
Smoking
Hypothetical example; see Borsboom (2017) for overview of approach.
Unemployment
Phase 3: Symptom spread
![Page 31: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Causality?
Boozing
Inactivity
Eating
Smoking
Hypothetical example; see Borsboom (2017) for overview of approach.
Phase 4: Event ends, network stays in a stable, active state
![Page 32: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Causality?
Boozing
Inactivity
Eating
Smoking
Hypothetical example; see Borsboom (2017) for overview of approach.
Cardiovascular disease
![Page 33: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Causality?
Boozing
Inactivity
Eating
Smoking
Hypothetical example; see Borsboom (2017) for overview of approach.
Cardiovascular disease
Impaired quality of life &
premature death
![Page 34: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Causality?
Boozing
Inactivity
Eating
Smoking
Hypothetical example; see Borsboom (2017) for overview of approach.
Phase 1: A person’s dormant network in stable state
![Page 35: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Causality?
Boozing
Inactivity
Eating
Smoking
Hypothetical example; see Borsboom (2017) for overview of approach.
Intervention
![Page 36: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Causality?
Boozing
Inactivity
Eating
Smoking
Hypothetical example; see Borsboom (2017) for overview of approach.
Active lifestyle
![Page 37: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Causality?
Boozing
Inactivity
Eating
Smoking
Hypothetical example; see Borsboom (2017) for overview of approach.
Unemployment
External event appears
Active lifestyle
![Page 38: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Causality?
Boozing
Inactivity
Eating
Smoking
Hypothetical example; see Borsboom (2017) for overview of approach.
Unemployment
The event activates the network
Active lifestyle
![Page 39: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Causality?
Boozing
Inactivity
Eating
Smoking
Hypothetical example; see Borsboom (2017) for overview of approach.
Unemployment
Symptom spread
Active lifestyle
![Page 40: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Causality?
Boozing
Inactivity
Eating
Smoking
Hypothetical example; see Borsboom (2017) for overview of approach.
Unemployment
Spread stays incomplete
Active lifestyle
![Page 41: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Causality?
Boozing
Inactivity
Eating
Smoking
Hypothetical example; see Borsboom (2017) for overview of approach.
Event ends, activation incomplete
Active lifestyle
![Page 42: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Causality?
Boozing
Inactivity
Eating
Smoking
Hypothetical example; see Borsboom (2017) for overview of approach.
In the absence of stressor, activation diminishes
Active lifestyle
![Page 43: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Causality?
Boozing
Inactivity
Eating
Smoking
Hypothetical example; see Borsboom (2017) for overview of approach.
Network returns to dormant stable state
Active lifestyle
![Page 44: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Inside an intervention
![Page 45: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
● A school-based multilevel intervention to increase physical activity and
decrease sitting among youth
● Planning started 2012
● RCT phase from 2015 to 2017
● Ca. 16–19 year-old vocational school students
● Waist-worn accelerometers, body composition, surveys
”Let’s Move It”
![Page 46: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Study protocol @ BMC Public Health
![Page 47: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
The aim, in a nutshell:To evaluate…
• the effectiveness• processes/mechanisms of change• cost-effectiveness
… of a school-based, multi-level intervention, on physical activity and sedentary behaviour
![Page 48: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Theoretical framework● Self-determination theory
● Control and self-regulation theories
● Reasoned action approach
● Habit theory
![Page 49: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
2 0 1 2 2 0 1 3 2 0 1 4
LITERATURE REVIEWS
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
STAKEHOLDER COLLABORATION
School-level needs assessment
2 0 1 5 – 1 7
Feasibi-lity trial
Cluster-randomized
effectiveness trial
(RCT)
TWEAKING
INTERVENTI
O N
DEVELOPMENT
Slide modified from Nelli Hankonen’s materials
![Page 50: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
REVIEW: Participatory strategies in intervention development
2 0 1 2 2 0 1 3 2 0 1 4
LITERATURE REVIEWS
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
STAKEHOLDER COLLABORATION
School-level needs assessment
REVIEW: SDT in youth PA promotion
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW: School-based interventions
2 0 1 5 – 1 7
Feasibi-lity trial
Cluster-randomized
effectiveness trial
(RCT)
TWEAKING
INTERVENTI
O N
DEVELOPMENT
Slide modified from Nelli Hankonen’s materials
![Page 51: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
REVIEW: Participatory strategies in intervention development
2 0 1 2 2 0 1 3 2 0 1 4
LITERATURE REVIEWS
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
STAKEHOLDER COLLABORATION
Interviews & IPA
SOLE/ALiAS Survey: Needs assessment
Writing competition & narrative analysis
School-level needs assessment
REVIEW: SDT in youth PA promotion
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW: School-based interventions
2 0 1 5 – 1 7
Feasibi-lity trial
Cluster-randomized
effectiveness trial
(RCT)
TWEAKING
Belief elicitation
study
INTERVENTI
O N
DEVELOPMENT
Slide modified from Nelli Hankonen’s materials
![Page 52: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
REVIEW: Participatory strategies in intervention development
2 0 1 2 2 0 1 3 2 0 1 4
LITERATURE REVIEWS
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
STAKEHOLDER COLLABORATION
Interviews & IPA
SOLE/ALiAS Survey: Needs assessment
Writing competition & narrative analysis
School-level needs assessment
Discussions, visits to schools
Staff surveyTeacher survey
Focus group interviews
REVIEW: SDT in youth PA promotion
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW: School-based interventions
2 0 1 5 – 1 7
Feasibi-lity trial
Cluster-randomized
effectiveness trial
(RCT)
TWEAKING
Belief elicitation
study
INTERVENTI
O N
DEVELOPMENT
Slide modified from Nelli Hankonen’s materials
![Page 53: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
REVIEW: Participatory strategies in intervention development
2 0 1 2 2 0 1 3 2 0 1 4
LITERATURE REVIEWS
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
STAKEHOLDER COLLABORATION
Interviews & IPA
SOLE/ALiAS Survey: Needs assessment
Writing competition & narrative analysis
School-level needs assessment
Discussions, visits to schools
Staff surveyTeacher survey
Focus group interviews
Stakeholder expert group
Student panel
REVIEW: SDT in youth PA promotion
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW: School-based interventions
2 0 1 5 – 1 7
Feasibi-lity trial
Cluster-randomized
effectiveness trial
(RCT)
TWEAKING
Belief elicitation
study
INTERVENTI
O N
DEVELOPMENT
Slide modified from Nelli Hankonen’s materials
![Page 54: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Outcome expectations
Descriptive norm
Self-efficacy
Intention to engage in MVPA
Autonomy support
Autonomous motivation
Behavioural self-regulation
Goal setting
Plan-ning
Self-monitoring
Goal review
LPA /MVPA (leisure/commuti
ng)
What influences youth PA behaviour? A program
theory
Environmental opportunities to engage in PASelf-determination theory
(Deci & Ryan, 2000), Motivationalinterviewing (Rollnick & Miller)Control Theory (Carver & Scheier, 1982) Reasoned Action Approach (Ajzen & Fishbein) Slide modified from Nelli Hankonen’s materials
![Page 55: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
MeasuresFinal n ≈ 1000
Measurements at four time points:
T1 (baseline)
T2 (mid-intervention)
T3 (2-month follow-up)
T4 (12-month follow-up)
![Page 56: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Towards greener pastures?
Future(s) of behaviour change
Kimmo Savolainen Photography (with permission)
![Page 59: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Thank you!
@heinonmatti www.mattiheino.com
![Page 60: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Additional Slides
![Page 61: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Framework for designing and evaluating complex interventions:
Pre-phase Phase I Phase II Phase III Phase IV
Theory
Modelling
Exploratory trial
Definitive (randomised
controlled) trial
Long term implementation
Explore relevant theory
Identify and develop the components
Further development of intervention components and delivery
system
Compare a fully defined intervention
Replicate your
intervention
&
translation
Pre-phase Phase I Phase II Phase III Phase IV
Theory
Modelling
Exploratory trial
Definitive (randomised
controlled) trial
Long term implementation
Explore relevant theory
Identify and develop the components
Further development of intervention components and delivery
system
Compare a fully defined intervention
Replicate your
intervention
&
translation
Continuum of increasing evidence
Campbell, M et al. (2000). MRC framework for designing and evaluating complex interventions. British Medical Journal 321: 694 – 696.
![Page 62: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
INTERACTION PRINCIPLES• 1. Show empathy for students• 2. Ask open questions• 3. Roll with students’ resistance• 4. Evoke change talk• 5. Show interest in students’ experience and
perspectives• 6. Provide students with options and choices• 7. Provide students with structure and agenda• 8. Use reflective listening • 9. Validate students´ concerns• 10. Provide positive feedback
Deci & Ryan: Self-determination theory, e.g. 2000Miller & Rollnick: Motivational Interviewing, e.g., 1986
![Page 63: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Example Intervention Activity Identifying Personal Motives Group Activity (Hankonen et al 2016)
– Participants 1. are shown cards with known positive
consequences (benefits) of PA (e.g. better mood, better sleep, higher energy levels)
2. choose a card with a reason why they personally are OR would be physically active
3. talk about the card to the group: why they chose that card, i.e. elaborate on why they would like to increase PA
Outcome expectations
Autonomous motivation
(esp. Identified motivation)
Change talk (MI)Descriptive norm
THEORETICAL DETERMINANTS:
![Page 64: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Behavioural determinants: COM-B
![Page 65: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
65
Behaviour Change Wheel
Michie S, van Stralen MM, West R. The behaviour change wheel: A new method for characterising and designing behaviour change interventions. Implementation Science. 2011;6(1):42.
![Page 66: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
COM-B <-> Theoretical Domains Framework
Theoretical domain
Capabilities Psychological KnowledgeSkillsMemory, attention and decision processesBehavioural regulation (e.g. self-monitoring)
Physical Skills
Opportunities Social Social influences (e.g. social norms / -support / -comparison / -power)
Physical Environmental context and resources (e.g. material resources, person-environment interaction, organisational culture)
Motivation Reflective Social / professional role and identityBeliefs about capabilities (e.g. self-efficacy, perceived behavioural control, empowerment)OptimismBeliefs about consequencesIntentions (e.g. stability of intentions)Goals (e.g. goal prioritisation and autonomy)
Automatic Social / professional role and identityOptimismReinforcement (e.g. rewards and punishments)Emotion (e.g. anxiety, stress)
![Page 67: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Dying in Finland
Source: Statistics Finland
• Leading causes of death among men aged 15 to 64 in 2010
![Page 68: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Dying in Finland
Source: Statistics Finland
• Leading causes of death among women aged 15 to 64 in 2010
![Page 69: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Dying in Finland
Source: WHO
Premature mortality due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs)• 11% of population between 30 and 70 die of the 4 main NCDs
![Page 70: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Dying in Finland
Source: WHO
Premature mortality due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs)• 11% of population between 30 and 70 die of the 4 main NCDs
![Page 71: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Mechanisms
Intervention Physical activity
![Page 72: Behaviour change and intervention research](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062903/58ed0a331a28ab86028b45d5/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Mechanisms
Intervention Physical activity
Autonomous motivation
- Spousal support?- Media exposure?
- Habit?- Past experiences?
- …