Behavioral TherapiesAP PSYCH

CH 13

Behavioral Therapies

A.k.a. behavior modification

2nd main branch of psychotherapies

Is based on the principles of behavioral learning Classical conditioning

Operant conditioning

Behaviors are LEARNED so they can be UNLEARNED

Focus on changing patient’s RESPONSE

Effective for treatment of bad habits, fears, addictions, aggression, compulsions, depression, delinquent behaviors

Behavio

ral

Thera

pie

sBased on Classical

Conditioning

Systematic Desensitization

Aversion Therapy

Based on Operant Conditioning

Contingency Management

Token Economy

Based on Observational

LearningParticipant Modeling

C.C. Therapiesa history

Mary Corver Jones – 1st person to implement behavioral therapy Peter feared rabbits. Brought it closer and

closer to him while he was eating.

Bed wetting – fluid-sensitive pad placed under patient. Moisture sets off alarm, patient wakes up. Effective in 75% of cases.

C.C. Review

UCS Naturally elicits the

UCR

NS Is paired with the UCS, becomes the

CS Which elicits the

CR Which is usually the same as the UCR

C.C. TherapiesSystematic Desensitization Anxiety disorders

Anxiety is extinguished by exposing the patient to an anxiety-provoking stimulus

First used by Joseph Wolpe

Process: Training program that teaches relaxation techniques

While they are relaxed, introduce thoughts about anxiety provoking situation

Work through a hierarchy, until exposed to that fear

GOAL: Learn to form a new association. Replace anxiety with relaxation.

Sample Anxiety Hierarchy For fear of public speaking

1. Seeing a picture of another person giving a speech

2. Watch another person give a speech

3. Prepare a speech that I will give

4. Having to introduce myself to a large group

5. Waiting to be called upon to speak in a meeting

6. Begin introduced as a speaking to a group

7. Walking to the podium to make a speech

8. Making a speech to a large group

Another form of systematic desensitization Exposure therapy – patient directly confronts

the anxiety-provoking stimulus

C.C. TherapiesAversion Therapy

Pair stimulus (behavior) that patient wants to stop with an unpleasant (aversive) stimuli

Used to treat smoking, drug use, alcoholism, violent aggressions, sexual behaviors (pedophilia), overeating

Unpleasant stimulus could be a foul odor, nausea inducing pill, shock

UCS(foul odor)

CS(cigarette smoking)

UCR(nausea)

CR

causes

pair

ed

wit

h

Operant Conditioning TherapiesContingency Management REVIEW: Based on rewards and punishments

Rewards increase chance behavior will occur

Punishments decrease chance behavior will occur

Positive – adding something

Negative – taking something away

Contingency Management – changing behavior by altering the consequences of behavior

Managing behavior problems; can be used effectively for children with A.S.D.

O.C. TherapiesToken Economies

REVIEW

Applied to groups

Involves distribution of “tokens” for desired behaviors

Redeem tokens for items or privileges

Works well for mental patients and prisoners

PROBLEM: Once reward ends, behavior often also ends

Observational Learning TherapyParticipant Modeling

Fears and anxieties can be LEARNED by OBSERVING others Parents unknowingly teach their children many

fears

So, fears can also be unlearned by observation

PARTICIPANT MODELING:

Therapist demonstrates a desired behavior and encourages client to imitate

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

CBT

Combines emphasis on thoughts with behavioral strategies

Changes the way people approach problems and develop new skills and self-efficacy

1. Modify irrational thoughts and replace with constructive coping statements

2. Set attainable behavioral goals

3. Develop strategies for attaining goals

4. Evaluate results

Form of CBT:Rational-Emotive Behavioral Therapy Developed by Albert Ellis

Goal: to help people eliminate self-defeating thought patterns

Based on the idea that irrational thoughts and behaviors cause mental disorders

Ellis believed that many people hold unrealistic values and goals Neurotic goals lead to unrealistic expectations

Ex: we cannot ALWAYS succeed

Being unable to meet goals can control our actions, stall us from leading best life

Treatment: includes changing irrational thoughts to rational ones

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2cOLJBPQZRA&list=PLfGOx-4FZikOvYe2aerIhRnqsEN5P1x4M