Associate Level Appendix

Learning and Memory WorksheetBEH/225 Version 51

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Learning and Memory Worksheet

1. Write a 450- to 700-word essay to describe the relationship between classical and operant conditioning. Explain their elements and how they differ from one another. Additionally, provide an example for how learning can occur through each mode of conditioning. Explain how Ivan Pavlov and B.F. Skinner contributed to the study of learning and conditioning.

The relationship between classical and operant condition is that they both are the most important part of behavioral psychology. What makes them a lot alike is that they both result in learning. The elements of classical conditioning are stimulus. This just means that you are stimulated in a way that you will respond. The elements of classical condition are neutral stimulus, unconditioned stimulus, conditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, and conditioned response. Classical conditioning is when something happens and causes you to react also known as reflex. The elements of operant conditioning are reinforcement and punishment. The two do have similarities but they also have differences as well. What makes these two the same is that you will get a response with both but in different ways. Classical is more of a reflex and operant is more of a response. The difference between the two is that classical is where you do not know whether or not you will respond to something. Operant conditioning you will respond whether it is a positive response or a negative response. An example of classical conditioning would be my dog. I have taken her to the vet on several occasions due to her skin condition. Now every time she sees me with my keys or the leash she runs from me and hides under my bed, thinking I will not take her. Another example of classical conditioning is like when you go to the doctor, and the doctor sticks the tongue depressor in your mouth to check your throat and you gag. You try not to but it just happens anyway. So every time you go to the doctor and they check your tongue this is what will happen. Another example of classical conditioning would be drinking very heavily as a teenager and becoming very sick due to being too intoxicated. You have never touched alcohol ever again. You are now an adult and you happen to get a whiff of alcohol and feel sick all over again. An example of operant conditioning is like having a migraine and taking Excedrin migraine. Another example of operant conditioning would be telling your children to clean there room and they receive an award for doing so, or by telling them if they behave and get good grades they will receive a special treat. Ivan Pavlov and B.F. Skinner contributed to the study of learning and conditioning by Ivan Pavlov he specialized in reflexive and instinctive. And B.F. Skinner specialized in reinforcement. Ivan Pavlov established the theory of classical conditioning. He contributed on accident; he was actually doing research on salivation on dogs and then realized that he had created conditioning. This is how he created classical conditioning. The reactions from the dogs are the same way that humans react in a way. B.F. Skinner was known for creating operant conditioning and negative reinforcement. He found that behaviors were dependent on based on what happened after you responded.

2. Match the correct type of memory with its respective function.

Type of memoryFunction

A. Sensory memory____D__ Memory for responses and actions

B. Short-term memory___F___ Memory for storing basic worldly knowledge

C. Long-term memory___B___ Memory for incoming information from the senses

D. Procedural memory____G__ Autobiographical memory of personal experiences

E. Declarative memory___A___ Memory system that holds information for a short amount of time

F. Semantic memory____C__ Memory system for permanent storage

G. Episodic memory____E__ Memory that holds general factual information

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