before reading_main

1. A Survey

2. Listening Comprehension

3. Background Information

Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading

John Deway

4. Warm-up Questions

Mortimer J. Adler

Rembrandt

Robert Maynard Hutchins

Mr. Vallee

“Paradise Lost”

“Gone with the Wind”

Do teenagers read?


A Survey

Here is a survey about “Young People’s Attitudes towards Reading”. Below are the results from the survey conducted by Mori of Nestle Family Monitor. The results are based on questionnaires completed by over 900 teenagers at 33 state and independent schools and 6 colleges between March and May in 2003.

Directions:

Examples:

Eighty-three percent read in spare time.

Eleven percent never read outside of school hours (these students

were more likely to come from a home where neither parent nor

guardian worked).

Sixteen percent boys never read in their spare time compared to only

seven percent girls.


What makes young people want to read?

Forty-three percent will read something as a result of a peer

recommendation.

Ten percent will read something if it is recommended by a teacher.

Fifteen percent are keen to read a book about a film they enjoy.

Twenty-three percent say they will read a book about a famous

person they are interested in or as a hobby (this figure is higher for

boys).


Other results:

Age from 13 to 14 is a key period where an interest in reading dwindles.

Seventy percent say they will prefer to watch TV or a DVD than read a

book.

On the whole, girls are more enthusiastic about reading than boys.

Boys are “significantly more likely than girls to say that they are

encouraged to read if the book is about a place, subject or hobby in which

they are interested”.


Try to do such kind of survey in different classes. Use the statistics you get to analyze their attitudes towards reading. Then report your results orally to the whole class.

Directions:

Your preferred places for recreational reading (multi-choices)


Sources of books you read in the last 12 months


What type of books do you consume?

Adler was an

He got his Ph.D. from

He taught in University of Chicago from

He organized an adult discussion group program in

He edited Great Books of the Western World in

He became director of planning for the 15th edition of Encyclopaedia

Britannica in


1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Mortimer J. Adler

Listen to the passage and finish the exercise.Directions:

educator and writer________________.Columbia University________________.

1930 until 1952________________.

1946________.

1952________.

1969________.


M. J. Adler (1902~2001) is an American educator and writer. Born in New York City and graduated from Columbia University (Ph. D., 1928), he taught philosophy and philosophy of law at the University of Chicago from 1930 until 1952, when he founded and became director of the Institute for Philosophical Research in San Francisco. With Robert Hutchins, Adler organized in 1946 an adult discussion group program centered on the “Great Books” of the past and edited Great Books of the Western World (54 volumes, 1952). Adler also edited the two-volume index and guide to the ideas in Great Books. In 1969 he became director of planning for the 15th edition of Encyclopaedia Britannica which was published in 1974.

■

Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn was born into an

that was conducive to . After years of war and upheaval

（动乱 ), life in the United Provinces of the Netherlands was renowned

for its tranquility ( 宁静 ). Rembrandt’s father was a miller an

d his mother was the daughter of a baker. The van Rijns were Calvinis

ts. In the year of the artist’s birth, Leiden, his hometown, was known a

s one of intellectual and artistic centers in the country.


Listen to the passage and fill in the words that you hear.Directions:

atmosphere__________

creativity________

prosperous_________

principal__________

■

Rembrandt


Achievement: His educational psychology and philosophy had a great influence on

educational development.

John Deway (1859~1952), American philosopher and educator


Achievements:

• Famous for his unconventional theories about higher education

• President of the University of Chicago in 1929 at the age of 30

• Remained president until 1945

• Chairman of the board for the 15th edition of Encyclopaedia

Britannica published in 1974

Robert Maynard Hutchins (1899~1977), American educator.


Mr. Vallee (1901~1986), American singer of popular music who enjoyed fame in the 1920’s


“Paradise Lost”: an epic poem by John Milton (1608~1674), first printed in 1667.


“Gone with the Wind”

• A romantic novel of Georgia during the American Civil War

and Reconstruction

• Written by the American author Margaret Mitchell

(1900~1949)

• Published in 1936

• Awarded a Pulitzer Prize


Warm-up Questions

1) What kind of books do you like?

2) How do you read a book?

3) Do you have any suggestions on how to become an efficient reader?


1. Part Division of the Text

2. Scanning

3. True or False

For Part 1

For Part 2

For Part 4

Question and Answer

Question and Answer

Multiple Choice

Chart Completion

4. Further Understanding

For Part 3


Part Division of the Text

Main IdeasLinesParts

1 1~4

2 5~34

3 35~85

4 86~112

Readers are persuaded to “write between the lines.”

Two ways of owing a book, and three kinds of book owners

Detailed reasons for marking up a book

The writer’s way to mark a book


an epic poem by John Milton

American philosopher, educator, and author

American singer and orchestra leader

Scanning

What they stand forLocationProper Names

Paradise Lost L. 29

RembrandtL. 30

Gone with the Wind L. 50

a great Dutch painter and graphic artist

a romantic novel of Georgia during the Civil War and Reconstruction, written by the American author Margaret Mitchell

John Dewey L. 56

Mr. Vallee L. 57

Scan this part and try to find out the following proper names and think about what these words might stand for.

Directions:


T

True or False

You can’t read most efficiently if you don’t “write between the lines”. ( )

As soon as you have bought a book, the book belongs to you.

According to the author, books should not be kept as clean and shiny as the day they were bought.

1.

2.

3.

F( )This act of purchase is only the prelude to possession. Full ownership comes only when you have made it a part of yourself, and the best way to make yourself a part of it is by writing in it.

T( )


According to the author, you can mark up any books that belong to you. 4. F( )You had better not mark up a beautifully printed book or an elegantly bound edition.

TMarking up a book while reading can keep you from dozing off. ( )5.

Books should be read in a state of relaxation. 6. F( )The books you read for pleasure can be read in a state of relaxation, and nothing is lost. But a book, rich in ideas and beauty, a book that raises and tries to answer great fundamental questions, demands the most active reading of which you are capable.


Your reading is active when you have filled the pages of the book with your notes.

7.

TReading a book is somewhat like having a conversation with the author. ( )8.

Learning means absorbing whatever you are exposed to on the subject. 9. F( )Learning doesn’t consist in being an empty receptacle. The learner has to question himself and question the teacher.

T( )

By “marking a book”, the author only means writing in the margin of the pages.

9. F( )

There are all kinds of devices for marking a book intelligently and fruitfully.


Question and Answer

What makes the most efficient reading?

Read “between the lines” and write “between the lines” make the most efficient reading.

1. According to the author, the real book owners are those who _____.

A) have paid for them

B) have gained their property right

C) have their minds enriched

D) have dipped into most of them


Multiple Choice

Choose the best answer for each of the following. Directions:

KEY


2. The purpose of the author’s comparing the beefsteak in the butcher’s to

that in your ice box is that ________________.

A) you have paid for them so that you can take them back

B) you can cook them anyway you like since they are yours

C) you don’t get anything valuable unless you have made them part of

yourself

D) you are the real owner of beefsteak since you have paid for them

KEY

3. The author uses the example of beefsteak to remind us that ______.

A) books are as important as beefsteak to our body

B) books must be absorbed as beefsteak is in our body and to do us good

C) books should be kept in a good place just as beefsteak in an ice box

D) we can write in the books since we have paid for them

KEY


4. Which of the following is NOT true?

A) The author would have to mark up a painting or a statue.

B) The author wouldn’t let his baby make drawings on an original

painting by a great artist.

C) The author wouldn’t scribble all over a rare or an elegantly bound

edition.

D) The author would take pains to keep intact the physical appearance

of famous books.

KEY

5. What is the best title for this part?

A) Ownership of a book and book owners

B) Don’t write in rare and elegant edition

C) Show respects to the author by buying a cheap edition

D) Read through all the books you have bought

KEY


Question and Answer

Why is marking up a book indispensable to reading?

First, it keeps you awake. Second, it helps to express your thinking. Third, it helps you remember the thoughts you had, or the thoughts the author expressed.


Chart Completion

Fill in the necessary information based on Part 4.Directions:

Active Reading

Read “between the lines” Write “between the lines”

How?

Underlining Vertical lines at the margin Star, asterisk, or other doo-dad at the margin

Numbers in the margin

Numbers of other pages in the margin

Circling of key words or phrases

Writing in the margin

1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

7.


“Don’t ever mark in a book!” Thousands of teachers, librarians and parents have so advised. But Mortimer Adler disagrees. He thinks so long as you own the book and needn’t preserve its physical appearance, marking it properly will grant you the ownership of the book in the true sense of the word and make it a part of yourself.


You know you have to read “between the lines” to get the most out of anything. I want to persuade you to do something equally important in the course of your reading. I want to persuade you to “write between the lines.” Unless you do, you are not likely to do the most efficient kind of reading.

How to Mark a Book Mortimer J. Adler

SentenceSentence WordWord

You shouldn’t mark up a book which isn’t yours. Librarians (or your friends) who lend you books expect you to keep them clean, and you should. If you decide that I am right about the usefulness of marking books, you will have to buy them.


SentenceSentence

There are two ways in which one can own a book. The first is the property right you establish by paying for it, just as you pay for clothes and furniture. But this act of purchase is only the prelude to possession. Full ownership comes only when you have made it a part of yourself, and the best way to make yourself a part of it is by writing in it. An illustration may make the point clear. You buy a beefsteak and transfer it from the butcher’s icebox to your own. But you do not own the beefsteak in the most important sense until you consume it and get it into your bloodstream. I am arguing that books, too, must be absorbed in your bloodstream to do you any good.

WordWord

SentenceSentence

There are three kinds of book owners. The first has all the standard sets and best-sellers — unread, untouched. (This individual owns wood pulp and ink, not books.) The second has a great many books — a few of them read through, most of them dipped into, but all of them as clean and shiny as the day they were bought. (This person would probably like to make books his own, but is restrained by a false respect for their physical appearance.) The third has a few books or many — every one of them dog-eared and dilapidated, shaken and loosened by continual use, marked and scribbled in from front to back. (This man owns books.)


WordWord

Is it false respect, you may ask, to preserve intact a beautifully printed book, an elegantly bound edition? Of course not. I’d no more scribble all over a first edition of “Paradise Lost” than I’d give my baby a set of crayons and an original Rembrandt! I wouldn’t mark up a painting or a statue. Its soul, so to speak, is inseparable from its body. And the beauty of a rare edition or of a richly manufactured volume is like that of a painting or a statue. If your respect for magnificent binding or printing gets in the way, buy yourself a cheap edition and pay your respects to the author.

Why is marking up a book indispensable to reading? First, it keeps you awake. (And I don’t mean merely conscious; I mean wide awake.) In the second place, reading, if it is active, is thinking, and thinking tends to express itself in words, spoken or written. The marked book is usually the thought-through book. Finally, writing helps you remember the thoughts you had, or the thoughts the author expressed. Let me develop these three points.

SentenceSentence


WordWord

If reading is to accomplish anything more than passing time, it must be active. You can’t let your eyes glide across the lines of a book and come up with an u

nderstanding of what you have read. Now an ordinary piece of light fiction, like, say, “Gone with the Wind”, doesn’t require the most active kind of reading. The books you read for pleasure can be read in a state of relaxation, and nothing is lost. But a great book, rich in ideas and beauty, a book that raises and tries to answer great fundamental questions, demands the most active reading of which you are capable. You don’t absorb the ideas of John Dewey the way you absorb the crooning of Mr. Vallee. You have to reach for them. That you cannot do while you’re asleep.


If, when you’ve finished reading a book, the pages are filled with your notes, you know that you read actively. The most famous active reader of great books I know is President Hutchins, of the University of Chicago. He also has the hardest schedule of business activities of any man I know. He invariably reads with a pencil, and sometimes, when he picks up a book and pencil in the evening, he finds himself, instead of making intelligent notes, drawing what he calls “caviar factories” on the margins. When that happens, he puts the book down. He knows he’s too tired to read, and he’s just wasting time.

SentenceSentence


WordWord

But, you may ask, why is writing necessary? Well, the physical act of writing, with your own hand, brings words and sentences more sharply before your mind and preserves them better in your memory. To set down your reaction to important words and sentences you have read, and the questions they have raised in your mind, is to preserve those reactions and sharpen those questions. You can pick up the book the following week or year, and there are all your points of agreement, disagreement, doubt and inquiry. It’s like resuming an interrupted conversation with the advantage of being able to pick up where you left off.

SentenceSentence


WordWord

And that is exactly what reading a book should be: a conversation between you and the author. Presumably he knows more about the subject than you do; naturally you’ll have the proper humility as you approach him. But don’t let anybody tell you that a reader is supposed to be solely on the receiving end. Understanding is a two-way operation; learning doesn’t consist in being an empty receptacle. The learner has to question himself and question the teacher. He even has to argue with the teacher, once he understands what the teacher is saying. And marking a book is literally an expression of your differences, or agreements of opinion, with the author.

SentenceSentence


WordWord

There are all kinds of devices for marking a book intelligently and fruitfully. Here’s the way I do it:

1. Underlining: of major points, of important or forceful statements.2. Vertical lines at the margin: to emphasize a statement already underlined.3. Star, asterisk, or other doo-dad at the margin: to be used sparingly, to emph

asize the ten or twenty most important statements in the book.4. Numbers in the margin: to indicate the sequence of points the author makes

in developing a single argument.5. Numbers of other pages in the margin: to indicate where else in the book th

e author made points relevant to the point marked; to tie up the ideas in a book, which, though they may be separated by many pages, belong together.

6. Circling of key words or phrases.

SentenceSentence


WordWord

The front end-papers are, to me, the most important. Some people reserve them for a fancy bookplate. I reserve them for fancy thinking. After I have finished reading the book and making my personal index on the back end-papers, I turn to the front and try to outline the book, not page by page, or point by point (I’ve already done that at the back), but as an integrated structure, with a basic unity and an order of parts. This outline is, to me, the measure of my understanding of the work.

7. Writing in the margin, or at the top or bottom of the page, for the sake of: recording questions (and perhaps answers) which a passage raised in your mind; reducing a complicated discussion to a simple statement; recording the sequence of major points right through the book. I use the end-papers at the back of the book to make a personal index of the author’s points in the order of their appearance.






What does the author imply in these sentences?

If one buys a book, he or she becomes its owner. In other words, one has established the property right over the book by paying for it. But the author proposes a second meaning. That is what he calls “full” ownership. Buying a book is not enough to “fully” own it. One has to read it and digest it to make it one’s own.

SentenceSentence


WordWord


1. How do you understand the two words “unread, untouched” after the dash?

破折号后的 unread, untouched 是 all the standard sets and best sellers 的同位语，进一步解释说明前面的名词词组。可把它理解为 which are unread and untouched, 即定语从句的缩略，也可理解为 all of them unread, untouched ，即独立结构作同位语的缩略。

2. Translate the sentence into Chinese.

第一种人拥有全部标准成套书和畅销书——既没读过，也没摸过。



What can you infer from this sentence?

This person owns only the materials the books are made from, not the ideas they contain. This person just owns the physical aspect of books.


SentenceSentence


WordWord


1. What are the functions of those words after the dash? What does the author use them for?

该句破折号后是三个并列的独立结构，修饰前面的名词词组 a great many books, 对其作进一步的解释，是该名词词组的同位语。


第二种人拥有很多书籍——有几本从头至尾读过，大部分浅尝辄止，但全都和新买时一样整洁光亮。





1. Analyze the structure of the sentence.No more … than 是这句的基本结构。 no more … than 意味两者都是否定，重点往往在前一分句。如： I can no more play bridge than you 。 no more than 不过是，仅仅是。用在名词或数词前，在句中起形容词作用。如： This is no more than a joke.“a first edition of”, 注意用的是 a 不是 the ，指第一版中的一本；Paradise Lost 是英国 17 世纪著名大诗人弥尔顿所著的一部史诗，具有极高的艺术价值，其第一版自然也很珍贵。 original 这里指“原画”，非复制品，是荷兰 17 世纪的大画家 Rembrant ( 伦勃朗 ) ，其作品具有极高的价值。这里用人名代替作品，是英文中常见的用法。

2. Paraphrase this sentence.

I wouldn’t write carelessly on the pages of a first edition of “Paradise Lost”, just as I wouldn’t give my baby a set of crayons and an original painting by Rembrandt.





1. Paraphrase this sentence.

If the excellent binding or style of printing of the book makes you hesitate to mark on it, buy yourself a cheap edition of it and try to understand the author’s ideas by any means including marking the book.


如果你对华美的装帧或印刷的尊重妨碍你读书，那么就买种便宜的版本，将你的敬意献给作者。


nderstanding of what you have read. Now an ordinary piece of light fiction, like, say, “Gone with the Wind,” doesn’t require the most active kind of reading. The books you read for pleasure can be read in a state of relaxation, and nothing is lost. But a great book, rich in ideas and beauty, a book that raises and tries to answer great fundamental questions, demands the most active reading of which you are capable. You don’t absorb the ideas of John Dewey the way you absorb the crooning of Mr. Vallee. You have to reach for them. That you cannot do while you’re asleep.


1. How to understand this sentence?

If you move your eyes very quickly across the lines of a book, you can’t get an understanding of what you have read.NB: 特别注意 “ not … and …” 的结构，意为：“如果……就不……”，例如：

2. Translate the sentence into Chinese.仅仅让你的眼睛在书上扫视一遍，你不可能对所读的内容有所理解。

You cannot eat your cake and have it.SS

You can’t sell the cow and drink the milk.SS


nderstanding of what you have read. Now an ordinary piece of light fiction, like, say, “Gone with the Wind,” doesn’t require the most active kind of reading. The books you read for pleasure can be read in a state of relaxation, and nothing is lost. But a great book, rich in ideas and beauty, a book that raises and tries to answer great fundamental questions, demands the most active reading of which you are capable. You don’t absorb the ideas of John Dewey the way you absorb the crooning of Mr. Vallee. You have to reach for them. That you cannot do while you’re asleep.


1. Why does the author put “that” at the beginning of this sentence?

He just wants to emphasize the object “that”.

2. What is the normal order of this sentence?

You cannot do that while you are asleep.




1. What is the meaning of the word “invariably”?

Invariably 由 vary 派生来，意思是 always, without exception 。2. Translate the sentence into Chinese.

他读书时总是拿着一只铅笔，有时，当他在傍晚拿起书和笔，他发现自己不是在做有意义的笔记，而是在书页空白处画他称为“鱼子酱工厂”的图画。




Analyze the structure of the sentence.

本句虽然非常长，却是一个简单的系表结构。 To do sth. and to do sth. is to do sth. and to do sth. 两个不定式并列作主语，两个不定式并列作表语， sharpen 前省去了 to ， you have read是定语从句，前面省去了 that (which) ，做 important words and sentences 的定语。同样的， they have raised in your mind 也是一个定语从句，修饰 questions 。 They 指代 important words and sentences 。




1. Paraphrase the sentence.

Possibly the author has more knowledge about a certain subject than you do. So as it might be expected, when you begin to read his book, you will show your appropriate modesty to him.


很可能作者在有关的问题上比你懂得多，你在接近他的时候表示适当的谦恭是很自然的。




1. Why is “understanding” a two-way operation?

Learning is a process in which one not only gets something, but also gives something. If you just receive things like an empty container, you can never get any real learning. The learner may agree, disagree or even argue with the author or the teacher for a particular idea.


理解是一种双向活动。学习并不是往空的容器中装东西，学生应当向自己也向老师提问题。







read between the lines: look for what is implied or suggested, but not actually stated

I could read between the lines that my daughter was homesick though she said that she didn’t like college life very much.

SS

我们常常得从小说的字里行间来了解故事的真正含义。We often have to read a novel between the lines to get the real meaning of the story.

SS

TT






persuade: vt. cause (sb.) to do (sth.) by talking to him or arguing with him

医生已多次劝他戒烟。His doctor has persuaded him to give up smoking many times.

SS

TT

He persuaded her to go to school, even though she did not want to.

即使她不想去上学，他还是说服她去。

SS

TT

我们成功地劝说他放弃那个愚蠢的计划。

We have succeeded in persuading him out of that foolish plan.

SS

TT

Pattern: persuade sb. to do sth. 劝某人做某事 persuade sb. into doing sth. 劝某人做成某事persuade sb. out of doing sth. 劝某人放弃做某事

NB:

该词的名词为 persuasion ；反义词为 dissuade 。




pay for: hand over the price of; bear the cost of

He will have to pay for his foolish behavior.SS

他为自己所犯的错误付出了高昂的代价。He paid dearly for his mistake.

SS

TT

NB:

由 pay 一词构成的常用短语还有：pay back pay offpay upannual pay

偿还；报复全部还清；报复付清年薪

extra pay 额外报酬 , 附加工资starting pay 任职首次薪金




prelude: n. something that comes before and acts as an introduction to something more important

The widespread fighting in the streets may be a prelude to more serious trouble.

SS

His frequent depressions were the prelude to a complete mental breakdown.

SS




父母决定给孩子转学。SS

Tom transferred from Department 3 to Department 1.SS

transfer: v. take or move from one person or place to another

The parents decided to transfer the boy to another school.

TT




He can’t be called a writer in a strict sense of word.SS

等三小时是不合理的。SS

sense: n. meaning

There’s no sense in waiting three hours.TT

Collocation:

come to one’s senses make sensein all senses

使某人苏醒过来讲得通，有道理从任何意义上说，在各方面

in a / one sense in the literal sense

从某种意义上说按字面意义上来说

in no sense 决不in one’s right sense 神志正常

out of one’s sense 精神失常，糊涂




White surfaces don’t absorb much heat or light. Instead, they reflect rays of heat and light that strike them.

SS

读懂一篇文章是件费力的事情，因为这需要高度的脑力活动。SS

absorb: vt.

To follow and absorb a passage is a little bit hard as it requires a high level of mental involvement.

TT

1) take in (a liquid, knowledge, ideas, etc.)

Computer games absorb so much of children’s attention that some of them forget to go to school.

SS

作家全神贯注地进行写作以致于忘了弹去雪茄烟的烟灰。SS

The writer was so absorbed in his writing that he forgot to flick the ashes from his cigar.

TT

2) interest sb. very much




多吃蔬菜对你有好处。SS

Does it do you any good staying up late every night? SS

do sb. good: help or benefit sb.

Eating more vegetables will do you good.TT




等我把书读完再告诉你我的意见。SS

It takes time to read through the books rich in ideas.SS

read through: finish reading

I will give you my opinion when I read the book through.TT




我只来得及浏览了一下这部小说。SS

Some books should be read through, some are to be dipped into.

SS

dip into: read here and there in (a book); browse

I have had time just to dip into the novel.TT




站在中间的人劝另外两人克制自己不要打架。SS

I can’t restrain my anger when I hear of people being cruel to animals.

SS

restrain: vt. hold back; control

The man standing in the middle persuaded the two men to restrain themselves from fighting.

TT

Pattern: restrain sth. / sb.restrain sb. / oneself from doing sth.

restrain & refrain两个动词均有“控制、抑制”的意思，皆可用做及物或不及物动词。

restrain 有两层含义，一是克制或控制自己不去做某事，二是制止或阻止别人去做某事，例如： He was restrained from going there alone. 他克制自己不一个人去。refrain 只有第一个意思。因此表示“克制”或告诫别人别做某事时常用 restrain ，例如： She was so hurt but she refrained her tears before the public. 她虽然很受伤害，但是在众人面前她还是忍住了泪水。

CF:




尽管医生不断地警告他，他还是继续抽烟、喝酒。SS

continual: adj. sth. happening again and again, repeated

He still smokes and drinks, despite of the continual warnings of his doctor.

TT

continual, continuous & constant这三个形容词皆有“连续的、不断的”的意思。

continual 连续的、频繁的，指在一段时间内连续发生，或时断时续。 continuous 持续的、不断的，指中间无任何间歇，也指空间的连成一片，如海洋、平原等。constant 经常的、不断的，指某种行为持久不变或反复发生，缺乏程度或性质上的变化。

CF:

Continual dropping wears away the stone.SS

Recently the young couple have continual arguments with each other for trifles.

SS




Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.

1. People in this city are tired of noise of traffic.

2. The arguments between the couple seems to be part of their lives.

3. In history, change is

continous_________continual________

constant________.





我们越来越明白保护自然资源的重要性。SS

preserve: vt. keep safe from harm, danger or decay

We are now becoming more aware of the importance of preserving our environment.

TT

preserve, conserve & reserve这三个动词都有“保留、保护”的意思。

preserve 指保持某个有价值的东西完好无损，质量不变。与 reserve 相比暗示一旦消失不可能填补。此外，该词还专指对健康、食品质量、自由等的保护。conserve 指合理使用某个有价值的东西，暗示一旦用光，难以填补。 reserve 指保留以便以后使用。

CF:

The Town Council spent a lot of money to preserve the old castle and other places of historic interest.

SS





Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.

1. This sum of money is for my daughter. 2. It is policeman’s job to law and order. 3. your energy. We will climb mountain tomorrow. 4. He tried to his child from danger.

preserve________reserved________

Conserve________preserve________





我不是学者，就像他不是诗人一样。SS

no more … than: not any more … than

I am no more a scholar than he is a poet.TT

no more … than; no more than & not more … than这三组短语意思相差很大。

no more … than 意为“和……一样不……”。例如： I can no more play piano than you. 我跟你一样不会弹钢琴。no more than 意为“仅仅，不过是”。例如： He is no more than a scholar. 他不过是个学者。not more … than 意为“至多，不超过”。例如： The new edition is not more expensive than the old edition. 新的版本最多不会比老版本贵。

CF:

A home without love is no more than a body without a soul.SS

没有爱的家庭不成其家庭，就如没有灵魂的躯体不成其为人一样。TT





You are, so to speak, my best friend since you have given me so much help in the past few years.

SS

狗可以说是家庭的一员。SS

so to speak: as one might say; in a way

The dog is, so to speak, a member of the family.

TT





Many of the clothes and toys sold in Canada are manufactured in China.

SS

The main business of the company is to manufacture the farm machinery.

SS

manufacture: vt. make or produce by machinery in large quantities





我发现你的自行车挡了路。SS

get in the way: be in the way, blocking space for movement

I found your bicycle was in the way.TT

Too many social activities got in the way of his studies.

SS





Air and water are indispensable to life.SS

indispensable: adj. completely necessary

空气和水是生命所必需的东西。TT

Dictionary is indispensable to language learning.SS





He hurt his head in the accident, but he is still conscious.SS

conscious: adj.

She was not conscious of his presence in the room.TT

The patient remained fully conscious after the local anesthetic was administered.

SS

1) having one’s mind and sense working; able to think, feel, etc.; awake

她不晓得他在这房间里。SS

2) knowing; understanding




The old woman invariably gets up at 6 in the morning.SS

invariably: adv. always; without exception

All things are invariably divided into two parts.TT

事物都是一分为二的。SS




We will stop now and resume working at 1 o’clock.SS

resume: vt. begin again after a pause or interruption

The government troops resumed control over the area.TT

政府军重新控制了该地区。SS

Pattern: resume sth.resume doing sth.

NB:

该词的名词为 resumption ，这样词性变换的词还有：assume, consume, presume等：assume － assumptionconsume － consumptionpresume － presumption




It is difficult to pick up the conversation once it is interrupted.SS

pick up: begin again, start again

We picked up what we left off a few days ago.TT

我们把前几天放下的工作继续做下去。SS




We will start at the point where we left off last week.SS

leave off: stop or stop doing something

I’ve decided to leave off eating meat for a while.TT

我决定在一段时间内不吃肉。SS

NB:

leave off 后面接名词或动名词，不接不定式。




The beauty of the artist’s style consists in its simplicity.SS

consist in: be found in; be contained in; lie in

这位艺术家的风格上的美在于它的简朴。TT

True friendship consists in sharing sorrow and joy with each other.

SS

consist of, consist in & consist with这三个由 consist 构成的动词短语意思各不同。

consist of 表示“由……组成，包括”，例如： Substances consist of small particles called molecules. 物质是由叫做分子的微粒组成的。consist in 表示“存在于”，例如： True charity doesn’t consist in almsgiving. 真正的慈善不在于施舍。consist with 表示“（与……）一致；并存，并立”，例如： The testimony consisted with all known facts. 证据与全部已知事实相符。

CF:




literally: adv. 1) actually; exactly2) (used for giving force to an adjective)3) word by word4) according to the words and not the intention

Directions: Read the following sentences and decide what the word “literally” means in each sentence.

1) Don’t translate the Greek passage literally. 2) There are people in the world who literally do not know how to boil water. 3) When he said he never wanted to see you again I’m sure he didn’t mean it literally. 4) I was literally bored to death!

key: 3, 1, 4, 2








He emphasized the need for hard work. SS

emphasize: vt. give special or additional importance to (sth.)

Before the examination, the teacher emphasized the importance of being honest.

TT

考试前，老师反复强调诚实的重要性。SS

他强调了苦干的必要性。TT










His nationality isn’t relevant to whether he’s a good lawyer.SS

be relevant to: be connected to what is being discussed

You should offer the facts that are relevant to this case.TT

请提供和案子相关的材料。SS





Please keep the cards in sequence.SS

sequence: n. the order in which things happen

Children were crossing the street in sequence.

TT

孩子们有顺序地过马路。SS

Collocation:

in sequence

in rapid sequence

in regular sequence

顺次 , 挨次

紧接着 , 一个接着一个

按次序 , 有条不紊地

the sequence of events 事情的先后顺序


1. Useful Expressions

2. Summary

3. Multiple Choice

4. Spot Dictation

5. Writing Practice

6. Talking About the Pictures

7. Proverbs and Quotations

字里行间

劝某人做某事

购买行为

从最重要的意义上来说

外观

不断使用

第一版

妨碍

between the lines

persuade sb. to do sth.

act of purchase

in the most important sense

physical appearance

continual use

first edition

get in the way

Useful Expressions


向某人表示敬意

必不可少

pay one’s respects to sb.

be indispensable to

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11. 其次，第二

12. 消遣小说

13. 放松的状态

14. 努力争取

15. 停止

16. 双向活动

in the second place

light fiction

in a state of relaxation

reach for

leave off

two-way operation


17. 存在于

18. 论据的顺序

19. 与……有关

20. 逐点

consist in

sequence of points

be relevant to

point by point


Summary

M. J. Alder tells us to “write between the lines” in order to ( 进行更有效的阅读 ) . He claims that you don’t literally own the books (除非你将它变成自己的一部分 . And marking up a book while reading is the best way to make it become yours.( 为什么在书上做记号对阅读是必不可少的呢？ ) There are three reasons to it. 1) It will keep your minds alert and active; 2) We may record our thoughts ( 这是我们积极思考的结果 ) ; 3) The physical act of noting will retain in our memory ( 作者所表达的思想和我们曾有的想法 )

do the most efficient kind of reading_____________________________unless you make them a part of yourself_________________________________

Why marking up a book is indispensable to reading__________________________________________?

which are the results of active reading_______________________________

the thoughts the author expressed and the thoughts we have had____________________________________________________.

)


1) Doctors’ advice is that he _________ from smoking immediately.

Multiple Choice

Choose ONE best answer to complete the sentence.Directions:

KEY

2) A good dictionary is _________ to the learning of foreign languages.

KEY

3) It is fair that people have to ________ the wrong they have done.

KEY

A) refrain B) stop D) controlC) avoid

A) critical B) precious D) indispensableC) basic

A) pay to B) pay for D) pay outC) pay off

4) Do you believe in the saying that “Happiness________ contentment”?

KEY A) lies on B) lies with D) consists ofC) consists in

6) I need some time to ____________ before I make the decision.


5) He has to ________ the work earlier to attend a meeting.

KEY

KEY

8) It is common knowledge that chalk _________ moisture from the air.

KEY

A) think through B) think about

D) think upC) think over

A) leave out B) leave for D) leave offC) leave behind

A) takes B) absorbs D) gainsC) involves

7) His ideas in the book is too difficult for me to __________.

KEY A) reach out A) reach across

D) reach intoC) reach for


9) A special committee will be set up to ________ historical relics in the city.

KEY A) protect B) reserve D) preserve C) conserve

10) Acting on her advice, I ______ paper _______ 3 pages.

KEY A) cut … into B) folded … into

D) decreased … toC) reduced … to


Dictation

All the of the ages, all the stories that have mankind for centuries, are easily and cheaply to all of us within the covers of books — but we must know how to make use of this treasure and how to get the most from it. The most unfortunate people in the world are those who have never discovered how it is to read good books.

Reading is a of the mind, which means that it is a little like a sport; your eagerness and knowledge and quickness make you a good reader. Reading is fun, not because the writer is telling you something, but because it makes your mind work. Your own works along with the author’s or even goes beyond his. Your experience, with his, bring you to the same or different

, and your ideas develop, as you understand his.

Listen to the passage and fill in the missing words.Directions:

wisdom_______ delighted________available________

satisfying________pleasure________

imagination__________compared________

conclusions__________

■


Writing Practice

There are two ways to develop a composition in which we want to put forward our arguments.

One way is to write the composition in three paragraphs. The first paragraph covers the author’s opinion in favor of a certain argument. The second paragraph deals with opposite opinion. The author’s own opinion will occur in the last paragraph.

The other way is different. The author directly puts forward his opinion on a certain argument in the first paragraph. Then in second paragraph the author support his opinion by means of giving example(s). In the last paragraph, the author will repeat his opinion.

1. Writing guide


2. Homework

There is an old Chinese saying that “Man Proposes, God Disposes”. What is your viewpoint on it? Write a composition of about 120 words.


Man Proposes, God disposes There is a wide spread proverb, which goes, “Man proposes, God

disposes”, which means that the planning lies with man, while the outcome with Heaven. In my opinion, this proverb reflects a relation between success and luck, that is, we should always work hard in order to achieve our goal, though in many cases our final outcome may be determined by luck. Anyway, luck may affect us, but we should never give up halfway, convinced that our effort will pay in the long run.

Let me take English study as an example. A student spends much time and energy on English and has a good study habit. He is supposed to receive good grades in the examination. But suppose something unexpected, like illness occurs, and his final score is far from ideal. Should he lose heart and become distressed? Of course not. Just keep it up and next time luck will probably favor him.

In conclusion, luck does influence or even dominate us sometimes, but in any case we are the master of our own fortune. It is up to ourselves whether we will go ahead or backward.


Talking About the Pictures

Proverbs and Quotations

1. Books and friends should be few but good.

书与友，贵精不贵多。

2. Bread nourishes the body, and books enrich the mind.

面包滋养身体，书本充实头脑。

3. There is no friend so faithful as a good book.

最忠实的朋友莫过于一本好书。


4. To read without reflecting is like eating without digesting. — Burke, British statesman

读书而不回味，犹如吃东西而不消化。 —— 英国政治家伯克


5. Reading makes a full man, conference a ready man, and writing an exact man. — Francis Bacon, English philosopher

阅读使人充实，会谈使人敏捷，写作使人精确。 —— 英国哲学家弗朗西斯•培根

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monthsbefore reading

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