beech bark disease - ancient forest exploration & research · of the range of beech in ontario....

Beech Bark Disease Resistance Beech Bark disease is an insect-fungus complex. The beech scale insect, which was introduced from Europe, creates openings in the bark that are colonized by a neonectria fungus. Beech bark disease was first described in Halifax in 1890, it was likely introduced separately to Boston and New York City in the early 1900’s, and it has been slowly spreading. The scale insect had reached the Adirondacks by the 1960's, and was first reported in Ontario in 1966. It has now spread through most of the range of beech in Ontario. There is commonly a delay between the arrival of the scale insect, and the associated fungus that causes beech bark disease. Beech bark disease in North America kills about 80 percent of trees, and leaves most of the remainder severely deformed. About one to six percent of beech trees are truly resistant. These resistant trees are where we need to focus our attention. Most large woodlots or forests will have resistant trees, which can be the parent trees for a new generation of healthy, resistant beech. What to look for Resistant trees will be smooth-barked, with no scale (or very little), and will be growing in a forest where most of the beech are heavily infected, deformed or dead. Examine mature trees that are at least 20-30 cm in diameter - smaller trees may resist infection while young, but later become infected and die. Resistant trees are the best hope for the future of beech. If you find resistant trees Healthy mature trees in a stand infested with bark disease should be considered resistant, and retained. Diseased trees can be removed, and suckers within 1.5 metres of dead or diseased trees should be cut, and may be treated with herbicides. Use our inaturalist project to report disease-resistant trees, so that they may be used for research, seed collection, etc. The inaturalist app allows you to record resistant trees directly from your smart phone. https://www.inaturalist.org/projects/beech-bark-disease-resistance This handout was produced by Ancient Forest Exploration & Research – www.ancientforest.org www.inaturalist.org/projects/beech-bark-disease-resistance Beech Scale Neonectria Fungus Cankers Resistant beech tree Janet Mason A disease-resistant beech tree stands next to a tree killed by beech bark disease

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Page 1: Beech Bark Disease - Ancient Forest Exploration & Research · of the range of beech in Ontario. There is commonly a delay between the arrival of the scale insect, and the associated

Beech Bark Disease Resistance

Beech Bark disease is an insect-fungus complex. The beech scale insect, which wasintroduced from Europe, creates openings in the bark that are colonized by a neo-nectria fungus. Beech bark disease was first described in Halifax in 1890, it waslikely introduced separately to Boston and New York City in the early 1900’s, and ithas been slowly spreading. The scale insect had reached the Adirondacks by the1960's, and was first reported in Ontario in 1966. It has now spread through mostof the range of beech in Ontario. There is commonly a delay between the arrival ofthe scale insect, and the associated fungus that causes beech bark disease.

Beech bark disease in North America kills about 80 percent of trees, and leavesmost of the remainder severely deformed. About one to six percent of beech treesare truly resistant. These resistant trees are where we need to focus our attention.Most large woodlots or forests will have resistant trees, which can be the parenttrees for a new generation of healthy, resistant beech.

What to look for

Resistant trees will be smooth-barked, with no scale (or very little), and will begrowing in a forest where most of the beech are heavily infected, deformed ordead. Examine mature trees that are at least 20-30 cm in diameter - smaller treesmay resist infection while young, but later become infected and die. Resistanttrees are the best hope for the future of beech.

If you find resistant treesHealthy mature trees in a stand infested with bark disease should be considered resistant, and retained. Diseased trees canbe removed, and suckers within 1.5 metres of dead or diseased trees should be cut, and may be treated with herbicides.

Use our inaturalist project to report disease-resistant trees, so that they may be used for research, seed collection, etc. Theinaturalist app allows you to record resistant trees directly from your smart phone.https://www.inaturalist.org/projects/beech-bark-disease-resistance

This handout was produced by Ancient Forest Exploration & Research – www.ancientforest.orgwww.inaturalist.org/projects/beech-bark-disease-resistance

Beech Scale Neonectria Fungus Cankers Resistant beech tree

Jane

t Mas

A disease-resistant beech tree stands nextto a tree killed by beech bark disease

https://www.inaturalist.org/projects/beech-bark-disease-resistance

www.ancientforest.org

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Forestry Commission Bulletin: Beech bark diseaseFILE/FCBU069.pdf · The feeding activities of the insect induce alterations in the bark and cambium which eventually give rise to