bee removal wasp extermination call 0423688352 all sydney

7/31/2019 Bee Removal Wasp Extermination Call 0423688352 All Sydney

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Yellow jack groundwasp paper wasp (umbrellawasp)

Common paper wasps are social insects, who build nests of grey papery material around

the home often under eaves, pergolas or in vegetation.

Description

Polistes humilis or common paper wasps are generally slender with long thin wings.

They are 10-15 millimetres long, tan in colour with darker bands and some yellow on theface.

Other species of paper wasps are larger or smaller and differently coloured.

Paper wasps make nests of grey papery wood fibre material.
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The nests are cone-shaped, becoming round as more cells are added.

Nests are a maximum diameter of 10-12 centimetres, with numerous hexagonal cells

underneath, some with white caps.

Nests are exposed and suspended by a short stalk under an overhang, often on a pergola,the eaves of a roof or in a shrub or tree.

Wasps cluster on the nest or forage in the garden and around buildings.

Paper wasps are found across mainland southern Australia including:

southern Queensland

New South Wales

the Australian Capital Territory

Victoria

South Australia southern Western Australia.

Life history

Paper wasps are a social wasp consisting of small colonies of 12-20 individuals.

Adult wasps feed on nectar and make paper nests by mixing saliva and wood fibres.

Nests are a nursery where larvae are kept one to each cell.

The larvae are fed on chewed-up caterpillars caught by the adults.

The cells are then capped and the larvae pupate. Most paper wasps die in autumn or winter,

while some hibernate to start new nests next season.

Pest status and management

Paper wasps have some beneficial value as predators of pest caterpillars, however theyhave a painful sting and will attack any person approaching or disturbing their nest.

Nests likely to be disturbed represent a hazard and should be avoided during the day.

Ignore nests where they are high or otherwise out of the way.

Nests in high traffic areas such as doorways, pergolas or carports can be sprayed from the

side at night with a registered aerosol wasp insecticide.

Repeat spray two nights afterwards then remove and destroy the nest. Use a red light (forexample, red cellophane over a torch lens) if light is needed when spraying at night.
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In the event of a sting apply a cold pack.

Seek medical attention if the victim is known to be allergic or if symptoms become more

severe.

Entomology is not currently researching paper wasps.

The term wasp is typically defined as any insect of the order Hymenoptera and suborder

Apocrita that is neither a bee nor ant[1]. Almost every pest insect species has at least one

wasp species that preys upon it or parasitizes it, making wasps critically important in

natural control of their numbers, or natural biocontrol. Parasitic wasps are increasinglyused in agricultural pest control as they prey mostly on pest insects and have little impact

on crops.

Taxonomy

Wasp stinger, with droplet of venom

The majority of wasp species (well over 100,000 species) are "parasitic" (technically

known as parasitoids), and the ovipositor is used simply to lay eggs, often directly into the

body of the host. The most familiar wasps belong to Aculeata, a division of Apocrita,

whose ovipositors are adapted into a venomous sting, though a great many aculeate speciesdo not sting. Aculeata also contains ants and bees, and many wasps are commonly

mistaken for bees, and vice-versa. In a similar respect, insects called "velvet ants" (the

family Mutillidae) are technically wasps.

The suborder Symphyta, known commonly as sawflies, differ from members of Apocrita

by lacking a sting, and having a broader connection between the mesosoma and metasoma.

In addition to this, Symphyta larvae are mostly herbivorous and "caterpillarlike", whereasthose of Apocrita are largely predatory or parasitoids.

A much narrower and simpler but popular definition of the term wasp is any member of the

aculeate family Vespidae, which includes (among others) the genera known in North

America as yellowjackets (Vespula and Dolichovespula) and hornets (Vespa); in many

countries outside of the Western Hemisphere, the vernacular usage of wasp is even furtherrestricted to apply strictly to yellowjackets (e.g., the "common wasp").

Categorization

The various species of wasps fall into one of two main categories: solitary wasps and socialwasps. Adult solitary wasps generally live and operate alone, and most do not constructnests (below); all adult solitary wasps are fertile. By contrast, social wasps exist in colonies

numbering up to several thousand strong and build nestsbut in some cases not all of the

colony can reproduce. In the more advanced species, just the wasp queen and male waspscan mate, whilst the majority of the colony is made up of sterile female workers.

The following characteristics are present in most wasps:


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Characteristics

* Two pairs of wings (except wingless or brachypterous forms in all female Mutillidae,

Bradynobaenidae, many male Agaonidae, many female Ichneumonidae, Braconidae,

Tiphiidae, Scelionidae, Rhopalosomatidae, Eupelmidae, and various other families).* An ovipositor, or stinger (which is only present in females because it derives from the

ovipositor, a female sex organ).

* Few or no thickened hairs (in contrast to bees); except Mutillidae, Bradynobaenidae,Scoliidae.

* Nearly all wasps are terrestrial; only a few specialized parasitic groups are aquatic.

* Predators or parasitoids, mostly on other terrestrial insects; most species of Pompilidae(e.g. tarantula hawks), specialize in using spiders as prey, and various parasitic wasps use

spiders or other arachnids as reproductive hosts.

Wasps are critically important in natural biocontrol. Almost every pest insect species has at

least one wasp species that is a predator or parasite upon it. Parasitic wasps are alsoincreasingly used in agricultural pest control. Wasps also constitute an important part of the

food chain.

Anatomy and gender

Anatomically, there is a great deal of variation between different types of wasp. Like all

insects, wasps have a hard exoskeleton covering their three main body parts. These parts

are known as the head, metasoma and mesosoma. Wasps also have a constricted regionjoining the first and second segments of the abdomen (the first segment is part of the

mesosoma, the second is part of the metasoma) known as the petiole. Like all insects,

wasps have three sets of two legs. In addition to their compound eyes, wasps also haveseveral simple eyes known as ocelli. These are typically arranged in a triangular formation

just forward of an area of the head known as the vertex.

It is possible to distinguish between certain wasp species genders based on the number ofdivisions on their antennae. Male Yellowjacket wasps for example have 13 divisions per

antenna, while females have 12. Males can in some cases be differentiated from females by

virtue of the fact that the upper region of the male's mesosoma (called the tergum) consistsof an additional terga. The total number of terga is typically six. The difference between

sterile female worker wasps and queens also varies between species but generally the

queen is noticeably larger than both males and other females.

Wasps can be differentiated from bees, which have a flattened hind basitarsus. Unlike bees,

wasps generally lack plumose hairs. They vary in the number and size of hairs they have

between species.

Generally wasps are parasites or parasitoids as larvae, and feed only on nectar as adults.

Many wasps are predatory, using other insects (often paralyzed) as food for their larvae. Afew social wasps are omnivorous, feeding on a variety of fallen fruit, nectar, and carrion.


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Some of these social wasps, such as yellowjackets, may scavenge for dead insects to

provide for their young. In many social species the larvae provide sweet secretions that are

fed to the adults.

In parasitic species, the first meals are almost always provided by the animal that the adult

wasp used as a host for its young. Adult male wasps sometimes visit flowers to obtainnectar to feed on in much the same manner as honey bees. Occasionally, some species,

such as yellowjackets, invade honey bee nests and steal honey and/or brood.[citation

needed]

With most species, adult parasitic wasps themselves do not take any nutrients from their

prey, and, much like bees, butterflies, and moths, those that do feed as adults typicallyderive all of their nutrition from nectar. Parasitic wasps are typically parasitoids, and

extremely diverse in habits, many laying their eggs in inert stages of their host (egg or

pupa), or sometimes paralyzing their prey by injecting it with venom through their

ovipositor. They then insert one or more eggs into the host or deposit them upon the hostexternally. The host remains alive until the parasitoid larvae are mature, usually dying

either when the parasitoids pupate, or when they emerge as adults.

The type of nest produced by wasps can depend on the species and location. Many social

wasps produce paper pulp nests on trees, in attics, holes in the ground or other suchsheltered areas with access to the outdoors. By contrast solitary wasps are generally

parasitic or predatory and only the latter build nests at all. Unlike honey bees, wasps have

no wax producing glands. Many instead create a paper-like substance primarily from wood

pulp. Wood fibers are gathered locally from weathered wood, softened by chewing andmixing with saliva. The pulp is then used to make combs with cells for brood rearing. More

commonly, nests are simply burrows excavated in a substrate (usually the soil, but also

plant stems), or, if constructed, they are constructed from mud.

Solitary wasps

The nesting habits of solitary wasps are more diverse than those of social wasps. Mud

daubers and pollen wasps construct mud cells in sheltered places typically on the side of

walls. Potter wasps similarly build vase-like nests from mud, often with multiple cells,

attached to the twigs of trees or against walls. Most other predatory wasps burrow into soilor into plant stems, and a few do not build nests at all and prefer naturally occurring

cavities, such as small holes in wood. A single egg is laid in each cell, which is sealed

thereafter, so there is no interaction between the larvae and the adults, unlike in socialwasps. In some species, male eggs are selectively placed on smaller prey, leading to males

being generally smaller than females.

Social wasps

The nests of some social wasps, such as hornets, are first constructed by the queen and

reach about the size of a walnut before sterile female workers take over construction. The

queen initially starts the nest by making a single layer or canopy and working outwards


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until she reaches the edges of the cavity. Beneath the canopy she constructs a stalk to

which she can attach several cells; these cells are where the first eggs will be laid. The

queen then continues to work outwards to the edges of the cavity after which she addsanother tier. This process is repeated, each time adding a new tier until eventually enough

female workers have been born and matured to take over construction of the nest leaving

the queen to focus on reproduction. For this reason, the size of a nest is generally a goodindicator of approximately how many female workers there are in the colony. Social wasp

colonies often have populations exceeding several thousand female workers and at least

one queen. Polistes and some related types of paper wasp do not construct their nests intiers but rather in flat single combs.

Wasps do not reproduce via mating flights like bees. Instead social wasps reproduce

between a fertile queen and male wasp; in some cases queens may be fertilized by thesperm of several males. After successfully mating, the male's sperm cells are stored in a

tightly packed ball inside the queen. The sperm cells are kept stored in a dormant state until

they are needed the following spring. At a certain time of the year (often around autumn),

the bulk of the wasp colony dies away, leaving only the young mated queens alive. Duringthis time they leave the nest and find a suitable area to hibernate for the winter.

First stage

After emerging from hibernation during early summer, the young queens search for a

suitable nesting site. Upon finding an area for their colony, the queen constructs a basicwood fiber nest roughly the size of a walnut into which she will begin to lay eggs.

Second stage

The sperm that was stored earlier and kept dormant over winter is now used to fertilize theeggs being laid. The storage of sperm inside the female queen allows her to lay a

considerable number of fertilized eggs without the need for repeated mating with a male

wasp. For this reason a single female queen is capable of building an entire colony fromonly herself. The queen initially raises the first several sets of wasp eggs until enough

sterile female workers exist to maintain the offspring without her assistance. All of the eggs

produced at this time are sterile female workers who will begin to construct a moreelaborate nest around their queen as they grow in number.

Third stage

European paper wasp (Polistes dominula) with a regurgitated droplet of water

By this time the nest size has expanded considerably and now numbers between several

hundred and several thousand wasps. Towards the end of the summer, the queen begins to

run out of stored sperm to fertilize more eggs. These eggs develop into fertile males andfertile female queens. The male drones then fly out of the nest and find a mate thus

perpetuating the wasp reproductive cycle. In most species of social wasp the young queens

mate in the vicinity of their home nest and do not travel like their male counterparts do.The young queens will then leave the colony to hibernate for the winter once the other

worker wasps and founder queen have started to die off. After successfully mating with a

young queen, the male drones die off as well. Generally, young queens and drones from the

same nest do not mate with each other; this ensures more genetic variation within wasp


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populations, especially considering that all members of the colony are theoretically the

direct genetic descendants of the founder queen and a single male drone. In practice,

however, colonies can sometimes consist of the offspring of several male drones. Waspqueens generally (but not always) create new nests each year, probably because the weak

construction of most nests render them uninhabitable after the winter.

Unlike honey bee queens, wasp queens typically live for only one year. Also queen wasps

do not organize their colony or have any raised status and hierarchical power within the

social structure. They are more simply the reproductive element of the colony and theinitial builder of the nest in those species which construct nests.

Social wasp caste structure

A wasp gathering wood fibers

Not all social wasps have castes that are physically different in size and structure. In many

polistine paper wasps and stenogastrines, for example, the castes of females are determined

behaviorally, through dominance interactions, rather than having caste predetermined. All

female wasps are potentially capable of becoming a colony's queen and this process is oftendetermined by which female successfully lays eggs first and begins construction of the

nest. Evidence suggests that females compete amongst each other by eating the eggs ofother rival females. The queen may, in some cases, simply be the female that can eat the

largest volume of eggs while ensuring that her own eggs survive (often achieved by laying

the most). This process theoretically determines the strongest and most reproductivelycapable female and selects her as the queen. Once the first eggs have hatched, the

subordinate females stop laying eggs and instead forage for the new queen and feed the

young; that is, the competition largely ends, with the losers becoming workers, though if

the dominant female dies, a new hierarchy may be established with a former "worker"acting as the replacement queen. Polistine nests are considerably smaller than many other

social wasp nests, typically housing only around 250 wasps, compared to the several

thousand common with yellowjackets, and stenogastrines have the smallest colonies of all,rarely with more than a dozen wasps in a mature colony.

Common families

* Agaonidae fig wasps

* Chalcididae

* Chrysididae cuckoo wasps

* Crabronidae sand wasps and relatives, e.g. the Cicada killer wasp* Cynipidae gall wasps

* Encyrtidae

* Eulophidae* Eupelmidae

* Ichneumonidae, and Braconidae

* Mutillidae velvet ants* Mymaridae fairyflies

* Pompilidae spider wasps

* Pteromalidae

* Scelionidae


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* Scoliidae scoliid wasps

* Sphecidae digger wasps

* Tiphiidae flower wasps* Torymidae

* Trichogrammatidae

* Vespidae yellowjackets, hornets, paper wasps (umbrella), potter wasps, pollen wasps

Wasps - Hymenoptera

Wasps are a diverse group of insects. In Australia alone there are over 12,000 species,

ranging from the tiny diapriid wasps, which are barely visible to the naked eye, to the

spider and cicada-killer wasps, capable of taking large prey. Most wasps have carnivorouslarvae that feed on other insects and spiders. The adults provide food for them by capturing

prey or by laying the egg on or near the food source, which might be an egg, larva or pupa

of another insect.

Features of wasps:

* The egg-laying structures (ovipositors) in some wasps are modified into stingers.

* Adults generally feed on nectar and can pollinate flowers in the process.

* Some are hyper-parasites, which use other parasitic wasps' larvae or hosts to feed theiryoung.

* Many wasps can act as biological control agents on crop pests.

* Most native species are solitary, but a few, such as the paper wasps, form colonies.

* Fig wasps

Some native Australian fig trees need fig wasps for successful pollination and thewasps rely on the tree to complete their lifecycle. This relationship has evolved to the point

where the tree and the wasp are completely dependent on each other.

* Mud-dauber Wasp

The Mud-dauber Wasp is one of the more commonly encountered wasps in Sydney.

* European Wasp

The European Wasp was first found in Australia in 1959 in Tasmania. By 1978 they

were also known in Victoria, South Australia, New South Wales and Western Australia,

and are now firmly established in the Sydney area.* Sand wasps

The sand wasps are closely related to the Mud-dauber Wasp but, unlike their cousins,sand wasps nest in the ground.

* Braconid wasps


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Braconid wasps are a large family of wasps with over 800 Australian species. They are

closely related to the ichneumonid wasps and parasitise the larvae of many insect groups in

a similar way.* Cuckoo wasps

The cuckoo wasps are a group of 76 species that mostly parasitise other wasps. Like acuckoo bird that manages to get another species to raise its chick, these wasps use another's

nest for their own young.

* Wasps: Suborder Apocrita

Wasps are a diverse group of insects. In Australia alone there are over 12,000 species,

ranging from the tiny diapriid wasps, which are barely visible to the naked eye, to the

spider wasps and cicada-killer wasps, capable of taking large prey. Most wasps havecarnivorous larvae that feed on other insects and spiders. The adults provide food for them

by capturing prey or by laying the egg on or near the food source, which might be an egg,

larva or pupa of another insect.

* Cuckoo wasp

* Diapriid wasps

If you see a very small fly that, on closer inspection, resembles an ant, it may be adiapriid wasp.

* Hatchet wasps

The hatchet or flag wasps are a small family of wasps with around 40 species.

* Spider wasps

Spider wasps (family Pompilidae) are solitary wasps. They prey on spiders to feed theirlarvae or they parasitise other spider wasps. They do not form colonies to defend nests and

are not aggressive.

* Potter wasps

The potter wasps are closely related to the paper wasps. However, potter wasps do not

form colonies.

*Wasp parasitising a maggot

* Parasitic Wasp from family Pteromalidae

* Flower wasps

Flower wasps are large, often metallic, solitary wasps, with species in the Families

Scoliidae, Tiphiidae and Mutillidae.
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Ichneumonid wasps

The family Ichneumonidae is one of the largest groups within the hymenopterans(wasps, bees, ants and sawflies), with around 2,000 Australian species.

* Paper wasps

Native paper wasps are smaller than European Wasps, and lack their vivid yellow

markings. They tend to only be aggressive when defending their nests, and are otherwise

beneficial insects to have around the garden.

Paper wasps

Identification

Paper wasps have a small head, with medium sized eyes and medium length antennae. Thebody is slender, with a very narrow waist. There are two pairs of brown-tinted wings, with

the first pair larger. The abdomen has some yellow/orange bands, but is mainly black.Recently, the introduced Asian Paper Wasp (Polistes chinensis) has been reported fromseveral inner city suburbs of Sydney. This closely related species is larger than the native

Polistes and tends to have more distinctive yellow and brown bands.

Size range

2.2 cmDistribution

Paper wasps are found throughout Australia.

HabitatPaper wasps live in urban areas, forests and woodlands, and heath.

Behaviour and adaptations

Feeding and DietThe adult paper wasps catch caterpillars to feed the larvae, but the adults themselves feed

on nectar.

Other behaviours and adaptationsThe nest of the paper wasp is a series of cells shaped like an inverted cone made from

saliva mixed with wood fragments. When it dries the mixture is quite paper-like, and gives

these wasps their name.


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Life cycle

Paper wasps form small colonies, and make paper nests under tree branches and the eaves

of houses. The nests are shaped like inverted cones, and consist of a cluster of hexagonalcells made from wood fibre mixed with saliva. The wasp larvae are maggot-like and

develop inside the papery cells of the nest.

Living with usDanger to humans and first aid

Paper wasps can deliver painful stings, but are not as aggressive as European Wasps. They

normally only attack humans if their nest is disturbed. If stings are multiple, a more severesystemic reaction may occur.

In some individuals, wasp, bee and ant stings can cause an allergic reaction (anaphylaxis),

but this is relatively uncommon. Effective treatment is available, which involves known

bee/ant/wasp sting allergy sufferers carrying a special kit when outdoors. Immunotherapyor desensitisation therapy is also available, and can reduce the severity of the allergy.

Seven deaths over a twenty-year period attributed to wasp stings have been recorded in

Australia, mainly among known allergy sufferers who were not carrying their preventative

medicine with them.A cold pack may be used to relieve the pain of the sting. If there is evidence of a more

severe reaction or the sting victim is known to be allergic to wasp and bee venom, medicalattention should be sought immediately.

Classification

Genus:Polistes

Subfamily:

Polistinae

Family:Vespidae

Superfamily:

VespoideaSuborder:

Apocrita

Order:Hymenoptera

Class:

Insecta

Subphylum:Uniramia

Phylum:

ArthopodaKingdom:

Animalia

Ichneumonid wasps


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Identification

Ichneumonid wasps have long antennae with 16 or more segments, whereas most otherwasps have 13 or less. Some female ichneumonid wasps have a very long ovipositor (a

tube-like structure for laying eggs) which is used to reach insect larvae such as wood grubs

which burrow in bark and wood. This is a modification of the sting that is present in otherwasps, so most ichneumonid wasps cannot sting humans, with the exception of the larger

orange species in the subfamily Ophioninae. Wasps in the family Ichneumonidae are

superficially similar to the related family Braconidae, but ichneumonids are usually largerinsects, and differ in details such as the pattern of wing veins and the structure of theabdomen.

Size range

2.5 cmSimilar Species

parasitic wasps in the family Braconidae

Distribution

Ichneumonid wasps are found throughout Australia.

Habitat

Ichneumonid wasps live in urban areas, woodlands and forests, wetlands.


Feeding and Dietnull

Other behaviours and adaptations

nullCommunication


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null

Life cycle

nullPredators, Parasites and Diseases

null

Evolutionary Relationshipsnull

Living with us

Economic/social impactsnull

Management

null

Danger to humans and first aidnull

Classification

Family:Ichneumonidae

Superfamily:Ichneumonoidea

Suborder:

ApocritaOrder:

Hymenoptera

Class:

InsectaSubphylum:

Uniramia

Phylum:Arthopoda

Kingdom:

Animalia

Flower wasps


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Identification

Flower wasps are large solitary wasps, often with bright colours or a metallic appearance.

Adult wasps are nectar feeders. They are often seen moving between flowers in mid- to late

summer and they play an important role in pollinating native plants.Size range

2.5 cm - 3.0 cm

Distribution

Flower wasps are found throughout Australia.

Habitat

Flower wasps are often seen in urban gardens, as well as living in forests, woodlands and

heath.

Behaviour and adaptationsFeeding and Diet

Female flower wasps dig through the soil to reach beetle larvae and other soil insects.When a grub is located, the wasp lays an egg on it, and the developing wasp larva then eats

it. Adult wasps feed on nectar.


The body of female flower wasps is adapted for digging.

Life cycle

Many species of flower wasps have wingless females (for example, the Blue Ant). In these

species, mating occurs on the wing, with the male wasps carrying the female wasps. Some

males actively feed the wingless females or carry them to food plants.Living with us


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Danger to humans and first aid

Female flower wasps are capable of stinging if disturbed. As they are solitary insects,flower wasps do not pose the same level of threat to humans as social species of bees, ants

or wasps do. However, unlike bees, wasps can sting more than once, and do not die after

stinging. The sting causes a burning pain and swelling. If stings are multiple, a more severesystemic reaction may occur.

In some individuals, wasp, bee and ant stings can cause an allergic reaction (anaphylaxis),but this is relatively uncommon. Effective treatment is available, which involves known

bee/ant/wasp sting allergy sufferers carrying a special kit when outdoors. Immunotherapy

or desensitisation is also available, and can reduce the severity of the allergy.

A cold pack may be used to relieve the pain of the sting. If there is evidence of a more

severe reaction or the sting victim is known to be allergic to wasp and bee venom, medical

attention should be sought immediately.

Classification

Superfamily:Vespoidea

Suborder:

ApocritaOrder:

Hymenoptera

Class:

InsectaSubphylum:

Uniramia

Phylum:Arthopoda

Kingdom:

Animalia

The potter wasp


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The potter wasps are closely related to the paper wasps. However, potter wasps do not form

colonies.Size range

1.5 cm

Distribution

Potter wasps are found throughout Australia.

Habitat

Potter wasps live in woodlands, heath and urban areas.


Feeding and Diet

Potter wasps are solitary, and feed on flower nectar and hunt caterpillars to feed their

larvae.

Life cycle

Potter wasps make mud nests for their eggs and larvae or use abandoned burrows of otherinsects. They stock the nests with caterpillars and other grubs, which they seal in with mud.

These are eaten alive by the wasp larvae.

Living with usDanger to humans and first aid

Potter wasps have the potential to deliver painful stings, but are not aggressive and rarely

attack humans. An ice pack may be used to relieve the pain of the sting. If there is evidenceof an allergic reaction, medical attention should be sought.

Classification

Genus:

Paralastor

Subfamily:Eumeninae

Family:

Vespidae

Superfamily:Vespoidea

Suborder:

ApocritaOrder:

Hymenoptera

Class:Insecta

Subphylum:

Uniramia

Phylum:


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Arthopoda

Kingdom:

Animalia

Spider wasps

Spider wasps (family Pompilidae) are solitary wasps. They prey on spiders to feed their

larvae or they parasitise other spider wasps. They do not form colonies to defend nests and

are not aggressive.Identification

Spider wasps are active in gardens during summer months. The spider wasp most

commonly encountered is Cryptocheilus bicolor. This is a very large black wasp withorange wings and legs and a broad orange band around its abdomen. It holds its wings up

when resting but flicks them when it hops and runs about on its long legs.

Size range5 mm - 35 mm long

Distribution

Spider wasps are found throughout Australia.Habitat

Spider wasps live in urban areas, forests and woodlands, wetlands, heath.Behaviour and adaptations

Feeding and Diet


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Spider wasps are often seen digging in soft sandy soil, dragging huntsman spiders along.

Some species are known to bite off the legs of large hairy spiders, trimming them to make

them easier to handle. Others have scales that help them walk on spiders' webs, allowingthem to sneak up and attack the owner.


Spider wasps have a habit of flicking their wings on landing and moving with a jumping

motion. The wasp does this when searching for a spider in bark, cracks, crevices or soil.

Life cycle

The spider wasps you are most likely to see and hear are female wasps preparing nest

chambers for their larvae. They dig a burrow using long spines on their front legs, then

search rapidly around tree trunks and on the ground for a spider. On finding the spider,which may be as large as a huntsman or funnel-web and twice as heavy as itself, the wasp

stings and paralyses it, and then drags or flies it back to the burrow. She then lays an egg

on the spider's body, and seals it in a chamber or cell at the end of the burrow. The larva

hatches and feeds on the body of the spider before pupating in a thin silky cocoon in thecell.

Some spider wasps sting the spider and lay an egg on it but do not dig a burrow to put it in.

The spider is left where it was stung and the larva hatches and eats the spider. A small

number of Spider Wasps steal spiders from other Spider Wasps for their own larva. Thisbehaviour is known as klepto-parasitism (klepto: Ancient Greek for 'theft').

Living with us


Spider wasps have a potentially painful sting. However they are not aggressive and are

unlikely to use their venom on humans unless extremely provoked. The best advice is to

leave them alone. An ice pack may be used to relieve the pain of the sting. If there isevidence of an allergic reaction, medical attention should be sought.

Classification

Family:

Pompilidae

Superfamily:

VespoideaSuborder:

Apocrita

Order:Hymenoptera

Class:

InsectaSubphylum:

Uniramia

Phylum:

Arthopoda


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Kingdom:

Animalia

The hatchet or flag wasps

The hatchet or flag wasps are a small family of wasps with around 40 species.

Alternative Name/sFlag wasps

Number of species

40

Identification

Hatchet wasps have a long thin waist and a flat abdomen that moves up and down as they

walk, resembling a flag or hatchet.Size range

1.5 cm

Distribution

Hatchet wasps are found throughout Australia.

Habitat

Hatchet wasps live in urban areas, forests and woodlands, arid areas and grasslands.


Life cycle

Hatchet wasps parasitise the egg cases of cockroaches. The female wasp searches for

recently laid cockroach eggs on which to lay her own. The wasp larvae hatch first and eatthe cockroach eggs, eventually pupating to become fully developed adults.

One introduced species of hatchet wasp, Evania appendigaster, is common in Sydney and

is extremely welcome because it parasitises the American Cockroach (Periplanetaamericana), an introduced pest. Having eaten their fill, the larvae pupate into fully

developed adults.

Classification

Family:


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Evaniidae

Superfamily:

EvanioideaSuborder:

Apocrita

Order:Hymenoptera

Class:

InsectaSubphylum:

Uniramia

Phylum:

ArthopodaKingdom:

Animalia

Diapriid wasps

If you see a very small fly that, on closer inspection, resembles an ant, it may be a diapriid

wasp.

Identification

Diapriid wasps are common in gardens but can be tiny - the largest are no more than 6 mm

long and the smallest only 1 mm long.Size range

1 mm - 6 mmDistribution

Diapriid wasps are found throughout Australia.

Habitat

Diapriid wasps live in urban areas, forests and woodlands, and wetlands.



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The cuckoo wasps are a group of 76 species that mostly parasitise other wasps. Like a

cuckoo bird that manages to get another species to raise its chick, these wasps use another's

nest for their own young.Number of species

76

Identification

Cuckoo wasps are usually a shiny green colour.

Size range1.2 cm

Distribution

Cuckoo wasps are found in central and eastern New South Wales.Habitat

Cuckoo wasps live in urban areas, forests and woodlands, and heath.


Cuckoo wasps can be seen hovering in gardens where they feed on flower nectar and

search for wasp nests.

Life cycle

On finding the eggs or the nest containing eggs of a suitable species, such as the Mud-

dauber Wasp, the female cuckoo wasp lays an egg next to the egg of the host species. The

cuckoo wasp's egg hatches first and the larva eats the food that is stored for the Mud-dauber's young. The larvae of some cuckoo wasp species wait for the host larvae to hatch

and have their meal, before attacking and eating them. If the female cuckoo wasp is

discovered invading the Mud-dauber's nest, she rolls into a ball and uses special armourplates on her body to protect her.

Classification

Family:

Chrysididae

Superfamily:

ChrysidoideaSuborder:

Apocrita

Order:Hymenoptera

Class:

InsectaSubphylum:

Uniramia

Phylum:

Arthopoda


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Kingdom:

Animalia

Braconid wasps

Braconid wasps are a large family of wasps with over 800 Australian species. They areclosely related to the ichneumonid wasps and parasitise the larvae of many insect groups in

a similar way.Size range

2 cm

Distribution

Braconid wasps are found throughout Australia.

Habitat

Braconid wasps live in urban areas, forests and woodlands, wetlands.


Braconid wasps can be seen around Sydney woodlands searching for beetle larvae in logs

and the trunks of fallen trees.Life cycle


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The sand wasps are closely related to the Mud-dauber Wasp but, unlike their cousins, sand

wasps nest in the ground.

Size range

2 cmDistribution

Sand wasps are found throughout Australia.Habitat

Sand wasps live in urban areas, forests and woodlands, and heath.Behaviour and adaptations

Feeding and Diet

Adult sand wasps feed on nectar but most hunt for flies to feed to the larvae in the nest.

They are excellent hunters, capturing flies on the wing, paralysing them with venom in

mid-air and carrying them back to the waiting larvae.


Although sand wasps may nest in a group, they do not share labour like true social insects

unless the nest needs defending, in which case they may attack as a swarm.Living with us


Sand wasps can deliver painful stings, but are not as aggressive as the European Wasp.

They normally only attack humans if their nest is disturbed. An ice pack may be used to


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relieve the pain of the sting. If there is evidence of an allergic reaction, medical attention

should be sought.

Classification

Genus:

BembixFamily:

Sphecidae

Superfamily:Sphecoidea

Suborder:

Apocrita

Order:Hymenoptera

Class:

Insecta

Subphylum:Uniramia

Phylum:Arthopoda

Kingdom:

Animalia

The European Wasp


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Forbes, Coonabarabran, Orange, Bathurst and West Wyalong. European Wasps are also

present in New Zealand.

Habitat

European Wasps are found in large communal nests, normally only visible as a small

entrance hole. They are normally built either underground or in cavities in walls, ceilings,logs or trees. The nests are made from chewed wood fibre.


Feeding and Diet

Workers of the European Wasp leave the nest in search of food, and are attracted to meats,

sweet food and drink.


European Wasps' nests, which are made out of chewed wood fibre, can be found in

ceilings, wall cavities, logs, tree trunks and soil.

Life cycle

European Wasp colonies are started in spring by a single fertilised queen, which lays anegg in a number of cells in the nest. These hatch into grub-like larvae and are tended by the

queen for a number of weeks. They become the first batch of workers that take over nest

construction and rearing of the larvae while the queen concentrates on laying eggs. Thenest grows throughout the summer until a batch of males and new queens are hatched in the

autumn. These mate and fly off to start new nests. In Europe the nest then disintegrates, but

in Australia's warm climate the nest can continue to grow over a number of seasons. This

results in giant and potentially dangerous nests of over 100,000 wasps.Mating and reproduction

Towards the end of summer, several larger cells are constructed, in which a new generationof queens develop. Males also develop, and mate with the queens outside the nest before

they die.

In late autumn the original queen dies, and the new queens disperse to find suitable over-

wintering sites before forming a new nest in spring. In Europe the old nest then

disintegrates and the dispersed queens hibernate in sheltered spots beneath loose tree bark

or in roofs. A hibernating queen holds on to the substrate with her jaws, and tucks her legs,wings and antennae beneath her, remaining immobile for up to six months. However it is

significant that in the warmer climate of Australia, one of the new queens may stay in the

nest and begin laying eggs, without the usual over-wintering period being observed. Overseveral seasons, this can result in giant nests containing more than 100,000 wasps.

Living with us


European Wasps are more aggressive than bees and will attack when their nests are

disturbed. Unlike bees, wasps can sting more than once, and do not die after stinging. The


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sting causes a burning pain and swelling. If stings are multiple, a more severe systemic

reaction may occur.

In some individuals, wasp, bee and ant stings can cause an allergic reaction (anaphylaxis),

but this is relatively uncommon. Effective treatment is available, which involves known

bee/ant/wasp sting allergy sufferers carrying a special kit when outdoors. Immunotherapyor desensitisation is also available, and can reduce the severity of the allergy. Seven deaths

over a twenty-year period attributed to wasp stings have been recorded in Australia, mainly

amongst known allergy sufferers who were not carrying their preventative medicine withthem.

A cold pack may be used to relieve the pain of the sting. If there is evidence of a more

severe reaction or the sting victim is known to be allergic to wasp and bee venom, medicalattention should be sought immediately.

Classification

Species:

germanica

Genus:

Vespula

Subfamily:

Vespinae

Family:

Vespidae

Superfamily:

Vespoidea

Suborder:

Apocrita

Order:

Hymenoptera

Class:

Insecta

Subphylum:

Uniramia

Phylum:

Arthopoda

Kingdom:

Animalia

The Mud-dauber Wasp

The Mud-dauber Wasp is one of the more commonly encountered wasps in Sydney.

Size range3 cm


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Distribution

The Mud-dauber Wasp is found throughout Australia.Habitat

The Mud-dauber Wasp lives in urban areas, forests and woodlands, and heath.Behaviour and adaptations

Feeding and Diet

The Mud-dauber Wasp is usually seen feeding on flower nectar but occasionally found

flying with a spider held in its jaws, destined to be fed to larvae in a mud nest.

Life cycle

Normally the Mud-dauber Wasp puts several paralysed spiders in each nest with one egg,

to eat when it hatches. The adults are often seen collecting water and mud for their nests,

which they commonly construct in protected areas of houses, buildings and rock

overhangs.Living with us


The Mud-dauber Wasp can deliver painful stings, but attacks are rare. An ice pack may be

used to relieve the pain of the sting. If there is evidence of an allergic reaction, medicalattention should be sought.

Classification

Species:laetum

Genus:

SceliphronFamily:

Sphecidae

Superfamily:Sphecoidea

Suborder:

Apocrita

Order:Hymenoptera

Class:

InsectaSubphylum:

Uniramia

Phylum:Arthopoda

Kingdom:

Animalia


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Smithfield 2164

SmithfieldWest 2164

Sorlie 2086SouthGranville 2142

SouthHead 2030

SouthHurstville 2221SouthMaroota 2756

SouthPenrith 2750

SouthSteyne 2095SouthTurramurra 2074

SouthWentworthville 2145

SouthWindsor 2756

SpitJunction 2088SpringFarm 2570

Springwood 2777

StAlbans 2775

StAndrews 2566StClair 2759

StLeonards 2065StMarys 2760

StPeters 2044

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Strathfield 2135

StrathfieldSouth 2136

StrawberryHills 2010SummerHill 2130

SunValley 2777

SurryHills 2010Sutherland 2232

Sydenham 2044

Sydney 2000SydneyShowground 2021

SydneyOlympicPark 2127

Sylvania 2224

SylvaniaHeights 2224SylvaniaWaters 2224

Paddington 2021Padstow 2211

PadstowHeights 2211

Pagewood 2035PalmBeach 2108

Panania 2213

Parklea 2768

Parramatta 2150


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BardwellValley 2207

Bargo 2574

BassHill 2197BaulkhamHills 2153

Bayview 2104

BeaconHill 2100Beaconsfield 2015

BeautyPoint 2088

Beecroft 2119Belfield 2191

BelimbaPark 2570

BellaVista 2153

BellevueHill 2023Belmore 2192

Belrose 2085

BenBuckler 2026

Berala 2141BerkshirePark 2765

Berowra 2081BerowraHeights 2082

BerowraWaters 2082

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BeverleyPark 2217

BeverlyHills 2209

BeverlyHillsNorth 2209Bexley 2207

BexleyNorth 2207

BexleySouth 2207BexleyWest 2207

BickleyVale 2570

Bidwill 2770Bilgola 2107

BilgolaPlateau 2107

Birchgrove 2041

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Blacktown 2148

BlairAthol 2560Blairmount 2559

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BlaxlandRidge 2758

BluesPoint 2060

BobbinHead 2074


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Bondi 2026

BondiBeach 2026

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Burraneer 2230

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Maroota 2756

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MaroubraSouth 2035

Marrickville 2204

MarrickvilleWest 2204


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McGrathshill 2756

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MelrosePark 2114

Melville 2759

Menai 2234Menangle 2568

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Merrylands 2160

MerrylandsWest 2160MiddleCove 2068

MiddleDural 2158MiddleHead 2088

Miller 2168

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MilsonsPoint 2061

MinchinHills 2770

Minchinbury 2770Minto 2566

MintoHeights 2566

Miranda 2228ModelFarms 2153

MonaVale 2103

Monterey 2217MooneyMooney 2083

MoorePark 2021

Moorebank 2170

MorningBay 2108Mortdale 2223

Mortlake 2137

Mosman 2088MountAnnan 2567

MountColah 2079

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MountKuring-Gai 2080

MountLewis 2200

MountPleasant 2749


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Caneyville 2166

Canoelands 2157

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CarnesHill 2171

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Central 2000CentralMacdonald2775

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Yagoona 2199

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Earlwood 2206

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Lansvale 2006


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Q pest control

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Raby 2566

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Woolooware 2230Woolwich 2110

Woronora 2232

WoronoraHeights 2233

Wynyard 2000


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bee removal wasp extermination call 0423688352 all sydney

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