beam see minimum requirements at the section …open_jicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/11937067_12.pdfbeam...

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¿What is the watching result?

GOOD BAD

¿HOW ARE THE STONES PLACED?

3.3.1. RUNNING FOUNDATIONSTheconcreteused for the foundations isnamedcyclopeanconcrete,whichiscomposedofconcreteandstonesofregu-larsize.

THEY ARE TOGETHER

¿HOW ARE THE STONES

PLACED?

3.3 FOUNDATION WORKS

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GOOD BAD

YES, IT SHOULD

Bad land

Foundation

Reinforced tie beam

See minimum requirements at the section 2.2a of the Poster

3.3.2 TIE BEAMTie beam could be built using steel reinforced (reinforced footing) in case you do not have a stable land or a simple footing without steel (without reinforcement) if you do not have a regular and good land.

¿IF THE LAND IS NOT STABLE, TIE BEAM SHOULD

HAVE STEEL AS REINFORCEMENT?

60 cm

60 cm

80 cm

80 cm

THEY ARE SEPARATED

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GOOD BAD

STEELHOOKATTHEFOUNDATION

The steel in the foundation bottom should have a hook, never put the steel without a hook*

*See minimum requirements at the section 3.1 of the Poster

NO, IT HAS NOT

¿HAS THE COLUMN BASE A

HOOK?

¿WHAT IS THE DIMENSION OF

THE HOOK IN THE BASE?

IT IS OF 25 cm.

25 cm

3-A7-26

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GOOD BAD

YES, IT SHOULD

Bad land

Foundation

Reinforced tie beam


3.3.2 TIE BEAMTie beam could be built using steel reinforced (reinforcedfooting) incaseyoudonothavea stable landora simplefootingwithoutsteel(withoutreinforcement)ifyoudonothavearegularandgoodland.

¿IF THE LAND IS NOT STABLE, TIE BEAM SHOULD

HAVE STEEL AS REINFORCEMENT?

3-A7-27

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GOOD BAD

¿IF THE LAND IS OF REGULAR OR GOOD QUALI-

TY, TIE BEAM SHOULD HAVE STEEL AS REINFORCEMENT?

SIMPLE TIE BEAM

FOUNDATION

EXAMPLEOFSIMPLETIEBEAM

GOOD LAND


NO, IT SHOULD NOT

3-A7-28

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GOOD BAD

¿HOW DO YOU ELIMINATE THE EMPTIES AT THE

CONCRETE?

See minimum requirements at the section 1.1d of the Poster

AVOIDINGEMPTIESATTHECONCRETEMIXTURE

*CHUSEANDO WITH A ROOL UP AND

DOWN

* Chusear is the action of move using a rod inside the concrete to avoid emptiness at the concrete

3-A7-29

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GOOD BAD

ARE YOU SCRATCHING THE FOOTING BEFORE IT BECAME HARD TO

PUT THE BRICK?

3.4 MASONRY WORKS

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GOOD BAD

VERIFY THE WALLVERTICALITY DURING THE CONSTRUCTION

¡YES! ¡NO!

VERIFICATION OF DISTANCES

3.50 m

13 cm

13 cm ¿WHATDIMENSION

SHOULD HAVE THE WALL

OF 13 cm. OF THICKNESS

BEWTEEN THE COLUMNS?

2.40 m

THEY SHOULD HAVE 3.5 M.


YES, I AM SCRATCHING IT

3-A7-30

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GOOD BAD

The bricks must be wet to avoid that they absorb the water of the mortar and have good ad-herence

It is not recommended a mixture too softly*

¡NO! ¡YES!

Mortar mixture uniform and easy to work*

*See minimum requirements at the section 1.1b of the Poster

CORRECTMIXTUREANDBRICKSPREPARATION

PLASTIC

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GOOD BAD

CORRECTMIXINGANDWETBRICKS

Mortar easy to work for the settling of the bricks

3-A7-32

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GOOD BAD

WHICH SEPARATION HAS THE JOINT OF THE VER-TICAL AND HORIZONTAL

MORTAR?


MAXIMUMTHICKNESSOFTHEJOINTFORTHESETTLINGOFTHEBRICKS

THE JOINT OF THE HORIZONTAL MORTAR HAS

1.5 cm.

THE JOINT OF THE VERTICAL

MORTAR HAS 1.5 cm.

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GOOD BAD

BY DAY I SHOULD BUILD A MAXIMUM HEIGHT OF

1.20 cm.

MAXIMUMHEIGHTTOBUILDBYDAY

WHICH IS THE APPROPIATE HEIGHT OF

THE WALL THAT YOU SHOULD BUILD BY DAY?

1.20 m

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GOOD BAD

I PUT TWO STEEL FUSES EVERY 4 * BRICK LINES TO TIE IT WITH

THE COLUMN AND THEN I PROTECT THEM WITH A

MIXTURE OF CEMENT (LECHADA)

**PROTECT IT WITH A “LECHADA”

PLACEMENTOFFUSESFORFUTUREEXPANSIONS

Protect the rod using a mortar made of cement and water

* Hilada is a brick line joint with mortar

** Lechada is a mortar mad of cement and water

¿HOW DO YOU LEAVE THE FUSES?

13 cm

40 cm


4Bricks Lines

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GOOD BAD

VERIFY THE WALLVERTICALITY DURING THE CONSTRUCTION

¡YES! ¡NO!

VERIFICATIONOFDISTANCES

3.50 m

13 cm

13 cm

¿WHAT DIMENSION

SHOULD HAVE THE WALL

OF 13 cm. OF THICKNESS

BEWTEEN THE COLUMNS?

2.40 m

THEY SHOULD HAVE 3.5 M.


3-A7-36

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GOOD BAD

NO,THEY ARE A LOT OF

DISTANCE BETWEEN THE STIRRUPS OF

THE COLUMNStirrups

*See minimum requirements at the section 2.2c of the Poster

Beforetostartthewallconstructionitisnecessarytoverifytheseparationofthestirrups

3.5 COLUMNS WORKS

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GOOD BAD

The stirrups must have bent hooks to 45º and they must be placed as it is showed with a length of 7.5 cm.

7.5 cm

45

7.5 cm45

7.5 cm45

7.5 cm45

(d)

(c)

(b)

(a)

(a)

(b)

(c)(d)

THIS ISCORRECT

TIE BEAM

(FOUNDATION

0.15

0.05

0.10

Resto a

0.25 Stirrups

0.100.100.10

THE DISTANCEBETWEEN THE

STIRRUPS IS THECORRECT

YES, IT HAS

THE ADEQUATE DISTANCE

3-A7-37

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GOOD BAD

Thestirrupsmusthavebenthooksto45ºandtheymustbeplacedasitisshowedwithalengthof7.5cm.

7.5 cm

45

7.5 cm45

7.5 cm45

7.5 cm45

(d)

(c)

(b)

(a)

(a)

(b)

(c)(d)

3-A7-38

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GOOD BAD

¿WHAT CAN I DO TO AVOID THE EMPTINESS

AT THE COLUMN?

Whentheconcreteisemptiedinsidethecolumnitisnecessarytohittheformtoprovokethattheconcretedownstothebo-ttomanddonotleaveemptyspaces

THE FORMWORK SHOULD BE HIT SOFTLY AND MOVE WITH A ROD DURING THE

MIXTURE EMPTYING

*See minimum requirements at the section 1.1d of the Poster

3-A7-39

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GOOD BAD

Aftertoremovethewoodformworkandwhentheconcreteisdry,itisnecessarytowetthecolumnsurfaceduring7days,thisactionwillimprovetheresistanceanddurabilityoftheconcrete.

THE FIRST DAYS IT IS NECESSARY TO WET THE COLUMNS AND

BEAMS WITH WATER¿DO YOU HAVE TO WET THE

COLUMNS AND BEAMS?

3-A7-40

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GOOD BAD

IMPORTANTCHARACTERISTICSOFTHESTIRRUPSATTHECOLUMNS

As it is shown, the stirrups should have a hook of 7.5 cm. in a corner

It is shown the column with the separation according to the minimum requirement, steel stirrups of ¼” spaced 1 each 5 cm, 4 each 10 cm and the rest spaced each 25 cm.

See minimum requirements at the section 2.2c of the Poster

5 cm

10 cm

10 cm

10 cm

10 cm

25 cm

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GOOD BAD

Theringbeammustbepouredwithadensemixtureanditshouldbemovedusingarodinordertoavoidempties.Withthisactiontheconcreteisjointwithsteelrodsandthebrickwall

I AM MOVING THE

CONCRETE TO AVOID EMPTIES INSIDE IT¿WHAT ARE YOU

DOING?

See minimum requirements at the section 1.1d of the Poster

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GOOD BAD

Do not forget to leave wire Nº 8 of 20 cm. of length al the ring beam to joint the canes and to have a stable roof.

FIXING THE CANES USING THE WIRES LEFT AT THE

RING BEAM

¿WHAT ARE YOU DOING?

Wires Nº 8

20 cm

3.6 WORKS AT THE RING BEAMS

3-A7-42

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GOOD BAD

Do not forget to leave wire Nº 8 of 20 cm. of lengthaltheringbeamtojointthecanesandtohaveastableroof.

FIXING THE CANES USING THE WIRES LEFT AT THE

RING BEAM


Wires Nº 8

20 cm

3-A7-43

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GOOD BAD

CRUSHED CANES

GUAYAQUIL CANES

SUPPORTING WALL¿WHAT ARE YOU PUTTING ?

65 cm

TheGuayaquilcaneswillbespaceseach65cm.Thecrushedcaneshouldbefirmlyfixedoverthecanes,thenitisneces-sarytoputaplasticaswaterproofmaterial.Finallyovertheplasticputthemudwithstrawtoavoidfissuresattheroof.

I AM PUTTING THE CRUSHED CANES

OVER THEGUAYAQUIL CANE

3.7 WORKS AT THE ROOF

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GOOD BAD


PLACEMENT OF MUD CAKE + STRAW

I AM PUTTING THE MUD CAKE AND

STRAW TO AVOID FISSURES

3-A7-44

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GOOD BAD

ROOFWATERPROOFING


I AM PUTTING A PLASTIC TO AVOID THE HUMIDITY

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GOOD BAD


PLACEMENTOFMUDCAKE+STRAW

I AM PUTTING THE MUD CAKE AND

STRAW TO AVOID FISSURES

3-A7-46

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GOOD BAD

ROOFWITHGUAYAQUILCANE

The roof of this house shows the Guayaquil cane, the crushed cane and the mud cake

This roof shows the Guayaquil canes and over it the crushed cane

3-A7-47

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GOOD BAD

WE PROTECT THE STEEL BARS USING A MIXTURE OF CEMENT

AND WATER

The column steels shouldbeplaced70 cmabove the ringbeamandtoavoidthecorrosionofthesesteelsitisnecessarytoprotectthemwithamixtureofcementandwater.

70 cm

¿HOW WE CAN PROTECT THE

EXPOSED STEEL BARS?

3-A7-48

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GOOD BAD

POURINGANDFLOORFLOATING


The thickness of the floor will be of 10 cm.

*Frotachando, is the leveling of the concrete floor surface in a rudimentary way and using wooden ruler.

I AM * FROTACHANDO THE FLOOR

3.8 FINISHING WORKS

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GOOD BAD

CLEANING OF THE HOUSE AT THE FINISH OF THE CONTRUCTION


I AM CLEANING THE HOUSE

3-A7-49

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GOOD BAD

CLEANINGOFTHEHOUSEATTHEFINISHOFTHECONTRUCTION


I AM CLEANING THE HOUSE

3-A7-50

3-A7-51

beam see minimum requirements at the section …open_jicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/11937067_12.pdfbeam...

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