beacon mock paper 2 writing sample essays.pdf

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Paper 2 Beacon Mock 2015: Sample Essays

Paper 2: Writing

Mock Exam Paper 2

Sample Essays

Q.1 Short Task

Your cousin, Patrick Lee, is studying in the United Kingdom

and wrote to you asking you for advice on choosing his

major. While he is interested in history, he is worried that it

may be difficult for him to find a job as a history major.

Write a reply to him telling him what you think and giving

him suggestions.

Idea Generation:

Format & Style

Dilemma + Advice

Concern + Solution / Reassurance

Suggestions

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Dear Patrick,

How’s life? We haven’t met for ages1! I’ve had a lot on my plate2

recently, so sorry for replying late. I know you’re struggling3 with

which major you should choose, and I absolutely understand your

confusion4. I hope this letter could help a bit.

Time flies. You’re going to be a university student next year! You

must’ve been dazzled5 by the many choices of subjects at university,

right? My only advice is: choose the one that you’re really interested

in. However rosy6 the future of a subject can give you, you won’t be

able to maintain a burning7 interest if you aren’t into 8 it. Trust me,

as long as you have interest, you’ll never get tired of learning.

When it comes to employment opportunities, you don’t need to worry

at all. You’re good at sharing history stories – well, actually facts –

with people around. I still remember I was literally 9 mesmerised10

when you were sharing ancient11 Western cultures with me. You

definitely have a knack12 for teaching. The education field always

looks for talents who are passionate13 about teaching and sharing.

Worth giving it some thought14? By the way, I went to the Museum

of History last week and, you know what, they’re looking for history

officers and docents15. No doubt, a degree in history would give you

an edge16 on graduation!

I’ve known you for more than 15 years, Pat. If you don’t choose a

subject that you’re keen17 on, I’m sure you’ll regret. Now that you’re

really big18 on history, why not give it a shot19? As I said, finding a

decent job shouldn’t be a problem at all, so no worries! It’s time I

signed off20 and hit the sack21. Feel free to drop me a line22 – I’ll

stand by23 you whatever your decision is.

Best,

Chris

在首段，首先簡介寫信原

因，同時宜講述自己近況。

文章用了比較生活化的用

字，令語文更地道。

這段談及應如何選擇科目，

鼓勵 Patrick 應該以興趣為

參考，否則會失去讀書的興

趣、動力。

由於 Patrick 擔心畢業後未

能找到合適的工作，故在鼓

勵他根據興趣選擇主科後，

應該提供可行的職業，以作

參考。

選擇以 Pat 稱呼對方，而不

用 Patrick，是為了增加親切

感。最後，在討論可行的職

業後，還應該在擱筆前再次

鼓勵 Patrick，一來符合題目

要求，二來令信件更完整。

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Glossary:

1 ages n. 長時間 13 passionate adj. 有熱誠的

2 have a lot on my plate

ph. 忙得不可開交 14 thought n. 考慮

3 struggle v. 掙扎 15 docent n. 導賞員

4 confusion n. 困惑 16 edge n. 優勢

5 dazzle v. 令人眼花 17 keen adj. 喜歡

6 rosy adj. 光明的；美好的 18 big adj. 喜歡

7 burning adj. 強烈的 19 give it a shot ph. 一試

8 be into … ph. 對…有興趣的 20 sign off ph. 收筆

9 literally adv. 簡直；的確 21 hit the sack ph. 睡覺

10 mesmerise v. 令…著迷 22 drop … a line ph. 寫信給...

11 ancient adj. 古代的 23 stand by ph. 支持

12 knack n. 技能；本領

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Q.2 Drama

Although drama has a very long history, stand-up comedy is

more popular than traditional drama, with many stand-up

comedy shows playing to full houses.

Write an article discussing this phenomenon and sharing

which one you are more fascinated by.

Idea Generation:

Format & Style

Traditional Drama Stand-up Comedy

Discussion

Your preference

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A Serious Laughing Matter

Drama, in its strict sense, refers to plays performed by actors within the

fourth wall 1. However, unlike standard theatrical performances,

stand-up comedy2 is a type of comedy where the performer, known as

a stand-up comedian, actively interacts with the audience to elicit3

laughter over his or her jokes or humourous stories. Despite the long

history of traditional drama, the fact of the matter is that stand-up

comedy holds wider appeal4 and is sweeping5 the world. This

laughing matter is a serious matter.

The human pursuit of laughter is universal. There is no doubt that

comedy is an indispensable part of our lives and everyone likes comedy

of one type or another. But why has stand-up comedy become the

new norm6? One major reason is that stand-up comedy resonates7

with the audience. The best stand-up comedians see the same things

we all do, but they have a knack8 for making these things seem larger

than life. They tickle9 us by reminding us of those funny moments in

our daily lives which we might have forgotten, ranging from asking for

petty change10 from a taxi driver with embarrassment to criticising the

food at a wedding banquet11 while paying no heed to12 the bride13

and groom14. With exceptional powers of observation, they

successfully capture the audience’s interest.

Comedy is aimed at not only amusing people, but also revealing certain

truths about the human condition. This definitely holds true for

stand-up comedy. During a stand-up comedy show, you just see a

comedian perform with a microphone. What fascinates the audience

is their own brand15 of humour and unique view of the world. They

bring their own personal insights and experiences to the public, giving

them a lesson as well as a good laugh. Take Dayo Wong Tze-wah16,

the pioneer17 of Hong Kong stand-up comedy, as an example. His

jokes typically include a lot of political content. In his latest show

entitled “Absurd is Normal18”, he brought up the current political

使用定義法來開始文章，明

確區分傳統戲劇和棟篤笑。

段落大意：

棟篤笑如此受歡迎的其中一

個原因是，它與觀眾產生共

鳴。

開首以「人類普遍喜愛追求

歡笑」一句，自然地過渡到

正文。

給予實際例子，增強說服力。

段落大意：

棟篤笑受歡迎的另一個原因

是，它揭示了人類的某些真

理。

指出於棟篤笑，你只會看到

一個喜劇演員拿著麥克風表

演，有效地強調他們的才華。

闡述黃子華的例子，更說出

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turmoil 19 over Occupy Central20 in Hong Kong and criticised the

government for attacking those young people who took to the streets21

to fight for democracy. This common ground22 with the audience, to

a great extent, made the show a smash hit23 in the territory.

To be sure, traditional drama and stand-up comedy are stage arts which

are of equal value – both genres24 are a subtle25 vehicle26 for satire27.

Personally, however, I consider the latter a more captivating28 medium

of social commentary29. Stand-up comedy is difficult to master since

stand-up comedians have to throw themselves on the audience’s

mercy30 and adjust their routine31 according to the tastes of any

particular audience. A joke which makes one person double over32

with laughter might leave another one cold33. What is more, unlike

actors, who perform in collaboration with one another, stand-up

comedians fail or succeed on their own talent. It takes a lot of courage

and quick wit 34 for a lone35 performer to stand in front of the crowd

trying to coax laughs out of36 them with an arsenal37 of jokes which

are hopefully not lame38. In fact, many stand-up comedians spend

years collecting material for one single show, gradually perfecting39

their bits40. A ticket to a stand-up comedy show is excellent value41.

It is said that laughter is the best medicine and there is a lot of truth in

this. Attending a stand-up comedy show, you will forget all your

troubles for a couple of hours and get inspired. It is little wonder that

the stand-up comedy culture is on the rise and comedy has been turned

into a money-making venture42.

了其中一場演出的名稱，給

人深刻的印象。

段落大意：

就個人而言，我認為棟篤笑

是更令人著迷的社會評論媒

介。首先，棟篤笑是很難掌

握的，因為表演者要迎合特

定觀眾的口味。其次，一個

孤獨的表演者站在眾人面前

表演，這需要很大的勇氣和

急智的。

首先承認傳統戲劇和棟篤笑

具有同等的價值，然後才作

出選擇，避免偏頗。

「笑聲最好的藥物」一句與

正文開首遙相呼應。

結尾 money-making venture

「賺錢的事業」回應題目

playing to full houses「座無虛

席」。

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Glossary:

1 fourth wall ph. 第四道牆 22 common ground ph. 共同立場

2 stand-up comedy ph. 棟篤笑 23 smash hit n. 紅極一時的演出

3 elicit v. 引發 24 genre n. 體裁

4 appeal n. 吸引力 25 subtle adj. 微妙的

5 sweep v. 橫掃 26 vehicle n. 媒介

6 norm n. 常態 27 satire n. 嘲諷

7 resonate v. 使共鳴 28 captivating adj. 迷人的

8 knack n. 本領 29 social commentary ph. 社會評論

9 tickle v. 使高興 30 throw oneself on the audience’s mercy

ph. 懇求某人善待

10 petty change ph. 小額零錢 31 routine n. 慣例

11 wedding banquet ph. 婚宴 32 double over ph. 笑得前仰後合

12 pay no heed to ph. 沒有理會 33 leave sb cold ph. 不能引起某人的

興趣

13 bride n. 新娘 34 quick wit ph. 急智

14 groom n. 新郎 35 lone adj. 孤獨的

15 brand n. 種類 36 coax laughs out of sb ph. 哄得某人笑

16 Dayo Wong Tze-wah

n. 黃子華 37 arsenal n. 收藏

17 pioneer n. 先驅 38 lame adj. 冷（笑話）

18 Absurd is Normal n. 《唔黐線唔正常》 39 perfect v. 使完美

19 turmoil n. 動盪 40 bit n. 部分

20 Occupy Central n. 佔領中環 41 excellent value ph. 物超所值

21 took to the streets ph. 上街遊行 42 venture n. （冒險）事業

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Q.3 Short Stories

Becoming a screenwriter, who writes plays for films, has long

been your dream. An online video-sharing platform is now

organising an activity, “Future Screenwriters”, where

applicants are required to submit a story.

Future Screenwriters Submit a story to win the prize!

I stroll along the promenade after lunch and I’m scared by a scream

“squat down!”. Turning back, I see a police officer running

towards me as two shots ring out. He says, “listen to me! I need

your help now!” …

Refer to the above announcement and complete the story.

Idea Generation:

Format & Style

Setting

Development

Climax

Resolution

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Terror by the Seaside Promenade1

With my arms wrapped2 around my girlfriend’s waist3, Cassandra and

I strolled4 along the seaside promenade located at the Tai Po

Waterfront Park. We just ate a fabulous5 lunch together and what

better way to spend a lovely Sunday afternoon than with the girl you

love?

Cassandra rested her head on my shoulder and we discuss our vacation

plans for the upcoming Easter holiday.

“Babe, I really wanna go to Kenting for some sightseeing. What do

you say?” Cassandra pouted6 her lips. “Please??”

“Squat down7!” A mysterious voice hollered8 and I spotted a

disgruntled9 police officer sprinting10 towards me with one arm

clutching11 at his dispatch radio, yelling desperately for backup. Two

shots rang out12. Startled, I turned around and witnessed a wave of

frantic 13 pedestrians rush past my girlfriend and I. Cassandra shut her

eyes and gripped14 my shirt. Protecting her, I held onto my girlfriend

tightly.

The police officer approached and grabbed15 me by the arm, “Listen to

me! I need your help now!”

“What’s happening?!” I shouted.

“There’s been a robbery at the local bank in Tai Po and the robbers are

on the loose16 right now! You two need to get out of here

immediately. It’s not safe!”

“Wait, I can help you. I’ve done military training 17 before in Taiwan

and I can help you catch them!”

提供基本的時地人資料。提

及大埔海濱公園，提高真實

感。

寫故事時，記得描述人物的

動作。

開始回應題目，但不是照

抄，而是提供更多的細節。

該警察抓住主角的手臂，這

已經意味著局勢非常緊張。

交代主角所面臨的困境。

主角答應幫助警方。

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Cassandra gaped18 at me, “Are you out of your mind19?!”

“I’m sorry babe, but I’ve got to do this. I’ll come find you as soon as

I can. I promise. Now please, … just go.”

A drop of tear rolled down20 her cheek21. “Sam, but I …”

“GO!!!!” I motioned22 for my girlfriend to leave. Cassandra took

off23 and joined the fleeing crowd.

Over the dispatch radio, the police officer was informed that three

suspects were last seen entering the Insect House inside the park, which

was about 400 metres west to our current location.

As the cop24 and I arrived at the scene, two bodies lay on the ground,

covered in a pool of blood. Multiple gun wounds were visible and it

was clear that the two criminals had been killed. The entrance of the

Insect House was surrounded by a wall of police officers and even the

Special Duties Unit25 had arrived and were standing by for further

action.

“On the dispatch radio it says there are three suspects! Where’s the

other man?” I ask impatiently.

“Wait here.” The police officer instructed me and hurried to find out

more from his colleagues.

All of a sudden, a loud broadcast message struck me. Standing about

ten feet away from the entrance, another police officer, dressed in a

black bulletproof vest26, blared27 into a megaphone28. “The premise

has been secured. There is no way to escape. Release the hostages29

and surrender now!”

There was no response and the scene fell into complete silence. A

sudden gust30 of wind swept away the falling leaves off of a tall tree.

A few minutes passed by.

使用省略號來表示主角的依

依不捨。

大寫字母加上四個感嘆號，

表示主角堅定的決心。

繼續交代事態發展，危險越

來越迫在眉睫。

問題只解決了一半，讓人疑

惑。

現場鴉雀無聲，氣氛肅殺。

突然的一陣風聲，更添恐懼。

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From the entrance I could make out31 two people stepping out slowly.

Taking a girl hostage, the criminal used her as a shield and pointed his

gun at her head. As I took a few steps closer to get a better look at the

criminal and the hostage, my heart stopped.

The girl being held hostage was Cassandra.

“Sam. HELP!!!!”

“Cassandra!!!!” I acted on impulse and tried to sprint towards them.

The police officer whom I met earlier held me back and stopped me.

“Stay calm! You can’t be over there right now.”

The agitated32 criminal glared33 at me. Then he grabbed a strand34

of my girlfriend’s hair and started sneaking away35. He banged36 the

muzzle37 of his gun on the hostage’s head.

“Tell your men to stay back or I swear to god. I’m gonna put a bullet

in her head!”

Cassandra was scared to death. “Don’t kill me. Please, … don’t kill

me,” she whimpered38.

I fell to my knees helplessly. I begged the masked39 man to show

mercy and spare Cassandra’s life. Within a blink of an eye, a gunshot

was fired. The robber and the hostage both collapsed onto the ground.

“Cassandra!!” I got up and ran as quickly as I could at them. A

bullet had been drilled 40 deep into the robber’s skull41. I pulled

Cassandra out carefully and the police officers rushed towards the

decreased criminal like a swarm42 of bees attacking a hive43.

I caressed44 my girlfriend’s battered45 face and hugged her tightly,

“I’m so sorry baby. I never should’ve left you. But you’re safe now.

It’s all over.”

Cassandra mustered46 the strength to return a smile, “You were just

trying to do the right thing.”

劇情發生意外轉折，主角的

女友被劫為人質。

再次使用大寫字母加上四個

感嘆號，這次表示激動的情

緒。

進入高潮。

使用省略號來表示主角女友

的恐懼。

這也是讓人疑惑和緊張的一

刻，不知道主角的女友是活

著還是死了。

揭示結局。

最後，只需以簡單的一兩句

話作為反思，沒有必要太羅

嗦。

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Glossary:

1 promenade n. 海濱長廊 24 cop n. 警察

2 wrap v. 包住 25 Special Duties Unit

n. 特警隊

3 waist n. 腰 26 bulletproof vest n. 防彈衣

4 stroll v. 漫步 27 blare v. 響起

5 fabulous adj. 美妙的 28 megaphone n. 擴音器

6 pout v. 撅起(嘴唇) 29 hostage n. 人質

7 squat down ph. 蹲下 30 gust n. 一陣

8 holler v. 發牢騷 31 make out ph. 辨認出

9 disgruntled adj. 滿腹牢騷的 32 agitated adj. 激動的

10 sprint v. 疾跑 33 glare v. 怒視

11 clutch v. 抓住 34 strand n. 束

12 ring out ph. 響起 35 sneak away ph. 偷偷溜走

13 frantic adj. 瘋狂的 36 bang v. 猛敲

14 grip v. 握 37 muzzle n. 槍口

15 grab v. 抓 38 whimper v. 嗚咽

16 on the loose ph. 自由的 39 masked adj. 蒙面的

17 military training ph. 軍訓 40 drill v. 鑽

18 gape v. 凝視 41 skull n. 頭顱

19 out of one’s mind ph. 神經錯亂 42 swarm n. 一群

20 roll down v. 滾下 43 hive n. 蜂巢

21 cheek n. 臉頰 44 caress v. 愛撫

22 motion v. 示意 45 battered adj. 焦頭爛額的

23 take off ph. 匆匆離開 46 muster v. 鼓起

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Q.4 Poems and Songs

Your school has a Music Session after lunchtime, where

students listen to English songs in the classroom. After

joining the Reading Club, you discover that English poems

are much better learning resources.

Write a letter to the school Principal to persuade him to

change the Music Session to Poem Session with reference to

your own experience.

Idea Generation:

Format & Style

Genre: Discursive Writing

Songs Poems

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Dear Principal,

I am writing to share with you my views on our current Music Session

after lunchtime, where all of us listen to English songs in the

classroom. In this letter, I would like to discuss the reasons behind

why the Music Session ought to be changed to Poem Session.

Disappointingly, the majority of my classmates are quite disengaged1

in the Music Session. Based on my observations, not only are most

students not paying attention, they are also chitchatting2 or playing

with their phones during this activity. Worse still, some classmates

even doze off3 in class.

So, why do so many students find the Music Session boring? I

believe it has to do with the nature of the activity – students just play a

passive role. To start with, resources are not fully utilised4; for

instance, neither music videos nor lyrics5 of the songs are provided for

us and as a result, many classmates, especially the ones who are weaker

in English, will not be engaged in6 the Music Session at all.

Moreover, teachers play a vital role in assisting their students’ learning

progress in the English language. Perhaps instead of just sitting in

front of the classroom to play the CD, they could think of other ways to

make the activity more interesting for the students.

Needless to say, most teachers are already too busy preparing for their

lessons, marking students’ assignments and doing administrative work,

so they would not necessarily have the extra time to make the Music

Session much more appealing7 and interactive for their students.

However, to engage8 our students in learning English more effectively,

it would be viable9 to change the Music Session to Poem Session.

First of all, a poem, in general, is much shorter than a song. In order

to make the Poem Session more active for the students, every classmate

should attempt to create their own poems. This may be very difficult

由於這不是一個複雜的問

題，簡略的引言就足夠了。

交代問題，由輕微至嚴重，

具有層次感。

段落大意：

Music Session 的被動性質

（只是聽歌），使之很枯燥。

明確指出問題的關鍵：教師

應為學生提供更多英語學習

方面的援助。

於過渡段確認 Music Session

的不可行性，同時建議將其

改為 Poem Session。

段落大意：

大部分的詩比歌曲要短得

多，因此學生可以更容易地

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at first for some students but if permitted, I would like to offer some

reading materials to our fellow classmates and share my poetry reading

experiences with them. Ever since I joined the Reading Club, I have

learned so much more about poetry.

Once the students have completed their own poems, it would also be a

great idea for them to share their poetry work with the rest of the class.

Through class presentations, we would have more opportunities to

improve our speaking skills in English such as fluency and

pronunciation. Conversely10, compared with writing poems,

songwriting11 is a much more tedious12 and time-consuming process

as there is a lot more work behind creating songs. From coming up

with the right lyrics to composing13 groovy14 melodies15, writing

music is no easy task.

Given the hectic16 academic learning environment for our students, I

believe running a Poem Session rather than Music Session after

lunchtime would be much more suitable. Many more students could

potentially benefit a great deal from writing their own poems in the

classroom. I sincerely hope that my proposed suggestion will be

taken into account. If any assistance is needed on providing poetry

materials, please do not hesitate to contact me. I look forward to

hearing from you soon.

Yours faithfully,

Chris Chris Wong

撰寫自己的詩。

分享自己於 Reading Club

的經驗，回應題目。

段落大意：

學生可以與班上其他同學分

享他們的詩歌作品，順便改

善英語口語的技巧。

解釋為什麼歌曲創作並不可

行，以消除校長的疑惑。

最後，重申自己的立場。除

了促請校長接受自己的建

議，也表達自己提供協助的

意願，提高他採取你的意見

的動機。

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Glossary:

1 disengaged adj. 閒散的 9 viable adj. 可行的

2 chitchat v. 閒聊 10 conversely adv. 相反地

3 doze off ph. 打瞌睡 11 songwriting n. 詞曲創作

4 utilise v. 使用 12 tedious adj. 乏味的

5 lyrics n. 歌詞 13 compose v. 撰寫

6 be engaged in ph. 埋頭致力於 14 groovy adj. 時髦的

7 appealing adj. 吸引的 15 melody n. 旋律

8 engage v. 使從事 16 hectic adj. 忙碌的

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Q.5 Popular Culture

The world is becoming digitised as technological gadgets

continue to come onto the market. While fans of technology

enjoy the convenience these gadgets bring, some believe life

should not be dominated by technology.

Write an essay sharing your observations and whether you

think this is a good phenomenon.

Idea Generation:

Format & Style

Description

For Against

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It is no exaggeration1 to say electronic gadgets are some of the most

significant inventions ever, forever changing the ways almost all walks

of life2 live. Years ago people listened to music on their MP3 players

on the street; nowadays teenagers watch videos or update their social

networking statuses on their smartphones, businessmen check

documents or financial figures on their palm computers3, and even

infants4 as young as one year old play electronic preschool5 games on

tablets6.

While many welcome these gadgets with open arms, some maintain a

resolute7 stance that we are becoming slaves to such devices. Such a

worry is not without grounds8; just take a stroll 9 around the

neighbourhood or take a ride on public transport and the situation is

clear as day10. How many times have we seen people erecting11 their

tablets in front of them, eyes completely fixed on the screen without

paying the slightest attention to what they are putting into their mouths

in a fast food restaurant? How many times have we seen people so

into12 the games or websites they are enjoying on their smartphones

that they are totally oblivious13 to others in need on an MTR train?

Also, how many times have we read or heard of academic reports about

people getting agitated14 when they are deprived15 of their electronic

gadgets even for a few minutes – symptoms similar to most forms of

addiction? There was even a news report saying that a foreign

woman, in the face of16 a fire, did not immediately flee17 and instead

took a selfie18 on her smartphone first.

Doubtless19, our lives should not be dictated20 by technology to such

an extent. Yet, we must not turn a blind eye21 to the fact that

electronic gadgets are no different from many of the technological

inventions before them. Back then when the radio and the television

started to become prevalent22, there were also voices worrying about

the potential influence on the weaker-willed23 (mostly youngsters),

who might spend most of their time listening to or watching

programmes. In the 1990s, when computers and the Internet became

透過對比過去和現在，引入

主題。

段落大意：

有些人認為，我們正成為科

技小玩意的奴隸，而他們的

擔心不是沒有理由。

連續問了三個問題，加強語

氣。

以新聞報導為證，說服力大

增。

段落大意：

科技小玩意與以前的其他科

技發明是一樣的，利大於

弊，而且不會支配我們的生

活。

Sample Essay

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accessible24 to most households, it equally caused quite a commotion25

among concerned26 parties27 (most notably parents), for a considerable

number of their children were hooked28 on surfing29. However, in

this day and age30, few people even talk about them anymore – we

simply have accepted them, and have been enjoying the good they

provide us. We can now stay at home receiving news from all over

the world in the blink of an eye31; we can now obtain statistics or

academic information from the Net32 without doing the actual research

ourselves; similarly, now with smartphones and tablets, we can carry

out multiple tasks which used to be confined33 to desktop computers at

home anytime, anywhere. If we apply the logic of the opponents,

does it mean that, for example, even washing machines and cars should

never have been invented because they would dominate our lives by

making us depend on them to do the hard work for us?

Whether we let machines control us depends on how we view and use

them. In other words, it is not their fault, but we humans’. In the

future, even more brilliant 34 electronic gadgets are expected to

debut35, and the same debates are likely to be sparked36 again. Still,

no matter how people will try to condemn37 these technological items,

the truth remains that they will continue to revolutionalise38 our daily

lives and bring us convenience our ancestors39 could never have

dreamed of.

使用分號把三個相關的句子

連接起來，顯示出良好的組

織能力。

運用精密的類比，讓別人無

法反駁。

重申科技小玩意本身並沒有

錯，重要的是我們如何使用

它們。

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Glossary:

1 exaggeration n. 誇張 21 turn a blind eye ph. 視而不見

2 walk of life ph. 社會階層 22 prevalent adj. 普及的

3 palm computer ph. 掌上型電腦 23 weaker-willed adj. 意志較薄弱的

4 infant n. 嬰兒 24 accessible adj. 可以得到的

5 preschool adj. 學齡前的 25 commotion n. 騷動

6 tablet n. 平板電腦 26 concerned adj. 擔憂的

7 resolute adj. 堅決的 27 party n. 團體

8 grounds n. 理由 28 hooked adj. 上癮的

9 stroll n. 散步 29 surfing n. 上網

10 clear as day ph. 非常清楚的 30 in this day and age

ph. 如今

11 erect v. 豎起 31 in the blink of an eye

ph. 眨眼間

12 into prep. 投入 32 the Net ph. 互聯網

13 oblivious adj. 毫不察覺的 33 confine v. 局限

14 agitated adj. 焦慮不安的 34 brilliant adj. 出色的

15 deprive v. 剝奪 35 debut v. 首次亮相

16 in the face of ph. 面對…時 36 spark v. 觸發

17 flee v. 逃走 37 condemn v. 譴責

18 selfie n.. 自拍照 38 revolutionalise v. 革新

19 doubtless adv. 毫無疑問 39 ancestor n. 祖先

20 dictate v. 支配

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Q.6 Sports Communication

The aged in Hong Kong do not appear to be interested in

sports. You are the Chairperson of the Hong Kong Sports

Association. Write an article to be published in the

newsletter, suggesting two sports that are suitable for senior

citizens and reminding the public to encourage the aged at

home to do exercise.

Idea Generation:

Format & Style

Suggestion 1

Suggestion 2

Final Appeal

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Time for the Aged to be Sporty

What are your old parents’ (or grandparents if you are children)

pastimes1? Watching videos? Idling 2 on the sofa? Or buying

bread feeding sparrows3 and fish? If we tell them ‘you really need to

do some exercise’, expected answers would probably be ‘you’re nuts4’

or ‘you younglings5 should be the ones to go outside and play balls’.

As a matter of fact, doing exercise is not, and must not be, limited to

children, teenagers and adults; even the silver-haired6 should engage

in7 sports to stay fit.

Admittedly, the generally frail 8 elders are not as agile9 as their younger

counterparts10. In this regard11, old people should be happy to

know that bowls12 is a sport almost tailored13 to them. A sport

relatively unpopular in Hong Kong, bowls requires players to throw (or

roll) large balls as close as possible to a small, ‘target’ ball on a smooth

surface. This sport does not demand sharp14 reflexes15 or powerful

muscles, but instead focuses on hand-eye coordination, good control of

muscle strength, and strategic16 planning – one can win using either

the more direct way of throwing one’s balls as close to the target ball as

possible, or the more aggressive way of knocking the opponent’s balls

away. In other words, this sport values17 skills over vigour18 and the

elderly can stand their ground19 against younger opponents. Perhaps

because of this, bowls have always been one of the most popular sports

among the older generations in Britain.

For those who cannot round up20 a few ‘old friends’ (literally 21) for

bowls, swimming is a good alternative22. A solo23 sport, swimming

is an aerobic24 exercise which ranges from low to high intensity.

Those who are looking for a challenge and whose cardiopulmonary25

system is still in relatively good condition can opt for26 the freestyle27

or even the butterfly stroke 28; the breast stroke29 is ideal30 for those

who simply want to work up a nice sweat31 in the water in a more

relaxing pace32. News about the old participating in swimming is not

一開始請讀者作出反思，引

起他們的興趣。

段落大意：

考慮到長者身手不夠靈活，

草地滾球這種相對靜態的運

動很適合他們。值得注意的

是，正因為草地滾球在香港

並不普及，所以才特別值得

推薦。

一再強調此運動著重技巧多

於體能。

以英國作為借鏡，更能打動

讀者。

段落大意：

游泳也是不錯的選擇，因為

它可以輕鬆也可以劇烈，而

且是單人運動。

此段介紹了多種不同的游泳

方式，令人無法反駁游泳是

適合長者的運動，更舉出維

Sample Essay

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unheard of – there are men or ladies as old as in their 80s finishing the

Cross Harbour Swimming Competition33, or going for dips34 during

winter be it35 sunny or cloudy. Of course, for those elders who have

no experience in swimming or worry that they would drown36, no one

says it is a must to swim, for example, 50 metres without stopping right

at the beginning; it is a good start swimming slowly along the

shoreline37, or in the case of a swimming pool, along the shorter

25-metre side. Even grabbing38 the edge of the pool practicing leg

movements can be a nice little exercise already.

As the slogan39 of the Leisure and Cultural Services Department goes,

‘Daily exercise keeps us fit, people of all ages can do it’. Next time

when you see the aged at your home sitting around having nothing to

do other than staring at the screen of the television or an electronic

gadget, do not be afraid of saying ‘it’s for your own good40’ and

shooing41 them out for some exercise.

港渡海泳的例子作為證據，

說服力極強。

結尾引用康樂及文化事務署

的口號，簡潔有力。

24

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Glossary:

1 pastime n. 消遣 22 alternative n. 替代選擇

2 idle v. 無所事事 23 solo adj. 單人的

3 sparrow n. 麻雀 24 aerobic adj. 帶氧的

4 nuts adj. 傻的 25 cardiopulmonary adj. 心肺的

5 youngling n. 年輕人 26 opt for ph. 選擇

6 the silver-haired n. 銀髮族 27 freestyle n. 自由式

7 engage in ph. 參與 28 butterfly stroke n. 蝶式

8 frail adj. 脆弱的 29 breast stroke n. 蛙式

9 agile adj. 靈活的 30 ideal adj. 理想的

10 counterpart n. 對應者 31 work up a sweat ph. 出一身汗

11 in this regard ph. 在這方面 32 pace n. 節奏

12 bowls n. 草地滾球 33 Cross Harbour Swimming Competition

n. 維港渡海泳

13 tailored adj. 量身打造的 34 go for a dip ph. 去游泳

14 sharp adj. 敏銳的 35 be it ph. 不論是

15 reflexes n. 反應能力 36 drown v. 遇溺

16 strategic adj. 策略的 37 shoreline n. 海岸線

17 value v. 重視 38 grab v. 抓住

18 vigour n. 精力 39 slogan n. 口號

19 stand sb’s ground ph.. 守著陣地 40 for sb’s own good ph. 為某人好

20 round up ph. 找來 41 shoo v. 使離開

21 literally adv. 字面意思

25

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Q.7 Debating

There are more degree programmes offered by different

educational institutes in recent years. This makes university

degrees so common that employers are unable to use them

as a criterion.

Write an article discussing this phenomenon and whether you

think it is a positive trend. Give a title to your article.

Idea Generation:

Format & Style

Phenomenon

For Against

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To What Degrees Are There Too Many Degrees?

Gone are the days when higher education was a privilege1 exclusively

enjoyed by the elite2. Today, there are a large number of university

graduates from different educational institutes in many countries,

especially fast-growing East Asian economies such as China, Japan,

and South Korea. University degrees have become somewhat of3 a

necessity, and even university graduates are struggling to find jobs.

Of particular concern is whether employers can find people with the

right skills given the oversupply of graduates. However, is there any

justification 4 for the claim that people receiving “too much” education

is not a good phenomenon?

Admittedly, when the supply of graduates is outrunning5 economic

growth, it makes perfect sense to say that it is a no-win6 situation for

both graduates and employers. One notable example is South Korea,

whose university participation rate is around 80%, one of the highest in

the world. With just around 30% of jobs requiring a college degree,

numerous South Korean graduates are at best taking up posts for which

they are academically overqualified. As for employers, they find it so

difficult to single out7 the best job candidates because there are plenty

of graduates around. Seeing such an apparently dim8 prospect, some

people are on the point of9 urging universities to cut back on10

enrolment11. However, they are losing sight of12 the bigger

picture13.

When we take a wider view of the issue, the future does not seem

gloomy14 at all. Attending university is not about short-term gain. It

is primarily about investing in the long-term future of individuals and

society. As far as individuals are concerned, post-secondary

education develops their intellect15 and broadens their horizons so that

they can have a clearer understanding of the world. An investment in

a college education is an investment in humanity16, which should be

encouraged at all times. In essence17, the true benefits of education

引言先描述整體狀況，提供

基本的背景資料，然後把焦

點集中在題目所關注的問

題。最後，以反問句帶出自

己的立場，當中 “too much”

的引號語帶嘲諷。

段落大意：

無可否認，當大學畢業生的

供應超越了經濟増長，這對

畢業生和僱主雙方都沒有好

處。

以南韓的例子來說明大學畢

業生過剩所帶來的問題，看

似自打嘴巴，但其實只是為

了保持客觀。

段落大意：

不論對個人還是社會而言，

上大學都是一項長遠的投

資，不能只著眼於眼前的利

益。於個人層次，大學教育

令人們變得更有才智、更見

多識廣。

Sample Essay

27

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED


have little to do with employment – people study for themselves

instead of employers.

On the social level, there is a lot of convincing evidence to suggest that

the prevalence of university degrees will benefit the economy in the

long term. For example, a surge18 in college-educated labour in the

1970s considerably boosted productivity and ultimately led to the

worldwide economic boom19 in the 1980s and 1990s. The economic

supremacy20 of the United States since the mid-20th century is also

mainly due to its educational dominance21. The reason why

university degrees are of so much importance is that as society

advances22, the number of jobs usually performed by graduates

continues to rise whereas routine23 tasks are increasingly being

automated24. In the developed world, highly innovative25 businesses

are thriving 26 and it is graduates who have the essential attributes27 to

perform well in this field. To get this straight28, the future labour

market will need more – not fewer – graduates. Seen in this light29,

opening up30 routes to higher education to facilitate upward

mobility 31 is without doubt a sensible move32.

Even from a practical standpoint33, the credentials34 of graduates are

more important than any specific skill sets35 in employers’ eyes.

Employers are indeed well aware that universities do not adequately

prepare students for a job since they lack practical experience, and they

know that they must train their new blood36 in specialised skills.

What employers value are the general knowledge, clear thinking, and

strong work ethic37 warranted38 by higher education. Therefore, it

does not matter, for the most part39, what a graduate majored in40.

In most circumstances, as long as you have a degree, you are already

considered a suitably qualified41 candidate.

It does not take a genius to realise that education benefits humankind42

in general. The more education people receive, the better the world

becomes. To say that there are too many university graduates –

thereby43 discouraging people from going to university – is a

disgrace44 to humanity.

結尾破折號後的一句強而有

力地總結了此段。

段落大意：

於社會層次，大學教育的普

及有助推動長遠的經濟增

長。

以 80 年代和 90 年代全球的

經濟繁榮和美國自二十世紀

中期以來主導的經濟地位作

為有力的證據，支持這一論

點。然後，探討背後的原因，

條理井然。最後，明確指出

將來的勞動市場需要更多的

畢業生。以破折號來強調 not

fewer 二字，立場相當堅定。

段落大意：

大學學歷本身比於大學所學

到的工作技能更重要，因為

所有僱主都明白到，應屆畢

業生缺乏工作經驗。因此，

在多數情況下，畢業生的主

修科目是什麼並不重要。

這段從僱主的角度分析這個

現象，真正做到緊扣題目。

結尾義正辭嚴地指出，如果

說有太多的大學畢業生，從

而阻止人們上大學，這將有

愧於人類。

28

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Glossary:

1 privilege n. 特權 23 routine adj. 例行的

2 elite n. 精英 24 automate v. 使自動化

3 somewhat of ph. 某種程度上 25 innovative adj. 創新的

4 justification n. 理據 26 thrive v. 興旺

5 outrun v. 比…發展得更快 27 attribute n. 特性

6 no-win adj. 必敗的 28 get sth straight ph. 說清楚

7 single out ph. 挑出 29 seen in this light ph. 由此看來

8 dim adj. 暗淡的 30 open up ph. 開拓

9 on the point of ph. 就快要 31 upward mobility ph. 上升流動

10 cut back on ph. 削減 32 move n. 行動

11 enrolment n. 入學 33 standpoint n. 立場

12 lose sight of ph. 忽略 34 credentials n. 資格

13 bigger picture ph. 大局 35 skill set ph. 技能組合

14 gloomy adj. 黯淡的 36 new blood n. 新晉

15 intellect n. 智力 37 work ethic ph. 職業道德

16 humanity n. 人類 38 warrant v. 保證

17 in essence ph. 在本質上 39 for the most part ph. 在大多數情況下

18 surge n. 激增 40 major in ph. 主修

19 economic boom ph. 經濟景氣 41 suitably qualified ph. 具備適當資格

20 supremacy n. 霸權 42 humankind n. 人類

21 dominance n. 主導地位 43 thereby adv. 從而

22 advance v. 發展 44 disgrace n. 恥辱

29

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Q.8 Workplace Communication

You work in one of the local airlines in Hong Kong. A

passenger wrote to you complaining about the poor attitude

of the cabin crew and the lack of food and drinks on board.

After thorough investigation, you have found that the

passenger bought the ticket at a discount and the price does

not include any meals.

Write a letter to the passenger, Mr Chan, in response to all

his accusations. Apologise for the mistakes, give him

suggestions and tell him what the company can offer to

compensate. Sign your name Chris Wong.

Idea Generation:

Format & Style

Complaints + Apology

Suggestions

Compensation

30

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED


Dear Mr. Chan,

I am writing in regard to1 your letter dated 21st February 2015, in

which you expressed dissatisfaction2 with a couple of arrangements3.

On behalf of4 the company, I would like to thank you for sharing with

us what you think about our service, but we are sorry to learn of your

unpleasant experience on board5. We have carried out an extensive6

investigation into your case and would like to apologise for our

yet-to-be-perfect7 service.

Your first concern relating to the attitude of the cabin crew has been

thoroughly reviewed by the Cabin Service Team. After days of

careful investigation, the Cabin Service Manager has confirmed that

fatigue8 was the prime reason for the unacceptable attitude of the cabin

crew. On your flight, just eight flight attendants were on board

serving the passengers, but the flight duration was so long that they did

not have enough time to rest.

Our airline acknowledges9 that the crew have some room for

improvement in terms of service attitude. Therefore, with a view

to ensuring a very high standard of service in line with10 the

company’s guidelines, at least 16 flight attendants will be assigned to

serve passengers on long-haul11 flights. This would allow almost half

of the flight attendants to take a good rest, while the passengers will

still able to enjoy professional service provided by the rest of the cabin

crew.

Another concern, which has to do with food and drinks on board, has

also been reviewed by the department concerned. We have found that

your ticket was bought at a lower cost and so, different from a full

ticket, did not include any complimentary12 meals. Passengers,

however, can pay for extra meals during the flight. If you want to

enjoy meals during your next flights, I suggest that you upgrade your

ticket class or purchase an air ticket at its full cost, enabling you to

由於這封是回覆投訴信，因

此應該首先表明寫信目的，

例如提及早前收到投訴信，

以及向乘客道歉。要令信件

得體，更可以先感謝乘客分

享意見，然後才道歉及解釋。

這段回覆第一個投訴內容，

其實除了直接指出

complaint 外，還可以用語氣

較輕微的 concern，因為回覆

投訴信就是希望安撫投訴

人，因此應該調整語氣、用

字等。

解釋為甚麼犯錯固然重要，

但也不夠補救措施重要。因

為乘客投訴的其中一個原

因，就是希望下次有更好的

服務，故要令乘客放心，最

有效的方法就是告訴他們解

決方法。

另一個投訴內容與機艙飲食

有關，要特別注意的是由於

這不是航空公司的錯，但語

氣亦要得體，例如建議乘客

下次乘搭時可以自行準備食

物、在飛行途中自費購買食

物、購買包括餐飲的機票等

Sample Essay

31

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED


enjoy a range of meal choices prepared by our award-winning team of

chefs. Another feasible13 suggestion is that you can buy food within

the restricted area of the airport before boarding, if the online menu

does not suit you.

While we value14 every passenger’s opinions and constructive15

criticisms and we always seek ways to improve, you are recommended

to seek help from the in-flight service manager, who is in charge of the

cabin, whenever you need it during the flight. They can offer

immediate help and lead the cabin crew to cater to16 every passenger.

We hope you can enjoy the best service in the air, so receiving

instant17 assistance is crucial18.

As a gesture of goodwill19, our company would like to offer you a free

upgrade to the business class on your next round-trip 20 flights with our

airline. This one-time offer applies to all flights and will be effective

for two years from the date of this letter. You are advised to email

Customer Relations Team to claim this offer one week ahead of21 your

trip.

Our company always strives22 to provide the most professional and

caring service for every passenger. We truly appreciate that you gave

us feedback on how to improve and would like to take this opportunity

to thank you for supporting us. We look forward to serving you on

our flights soon.

Yours sincerely,

Chris Wong

Chris Wong

Customer Relations Manager

等。

可以友善地提醒乘客，如果

有需要協助時，不妨向機艙

服務經理 (或任何機組人員)

尋求協助，這也是題目中提

供建議的方法之一。

這段是非常關鍵的一段，不

應佔太長篇幅，但要非常清

楚，否則會引起更多的誤會。

在信件最後，應再次感謝乘

客提供意見，同時為了建立

良好企業形象，也應該重申

公司以客為先的理念。

32

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED


Glossary:

1 in regard to ph. 有關 12 complimentary adj. 免費的

2 dissatisfaction n. 不滿 13 feasible adj. 可行的

3 arrangement n. 安排 14 value v. 重視

4 on behalf of ph. 代表 15 constructive adj. 有建設性的

5 on board ph. 在機上 16 cater to ph. 迎合

6 extensive adj. 廣泛的 17 instant adj. 立即的

7 yet-to-be-perfect adj. 未臻完美的 18 crucial adj. 至關重要的

8 fatigue n. 疲憊 19 gesture of goodwill

ph. 友好的表示

9 acknowledge v. 承認 20 round-trip adj. 來回

10 in line with ph. 一致 21 ahead of ph. 在…之前

11 long-haul adj. 長途的 22 strive v. 努力

33

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Q.9 Social Issues

Most employers do not employ workers without experience.

As a fresh university graduate, you are having difficulty

finding a job, despite excellent academic performance.

Write a letter to the editor, describing your situation and

commenting on this phenomenon. Also, explain in your

letter why employers should consider fresh graduates.

Idea Generation:

Format & Style

Description

Comment

Persuasion

34

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED


Dear Sir,

A few decades ago, students graduating from universities were held in

high regard1 from both the public and the job market. Many were

guaranteed a decent2 job and a bright future even before they actually

left the institute3. However, this seems to have become history. A

university fresh graduate majoring in Accounting, I have to say I am

faring4 much more poorly than my senior alumni5 – not to mention6

landing7 a good job with a competitive8 starting salary. I have not

even been able to get a job after weeks of job hunting,

notwithstanding9 my shiny10 grades on my transcript 11.

After I finished my final examination of my last course in June this

year, I could not wait to start searching for a full-time job relevant to

my major on multiple websites, most notably JobsDB and Classified

Post. After setting my job-searching criteria, in no time12 did a

considerable13 number of choices suitable for fresh graduates pop

up14. Excited though I was, my enthusiasm15 faded away16 as I

glanced17 through them one after another – almost all of them

demanded job-relevant experience to a certain extent, from a few

months to even a ridiculous18 two years. Having faith 19 in myself, I

kept returning to the websites, sending no fewer than fifty application

letters to potential employers who offered jobs like ‘accounting clerk’

or ‘audit20 associate21’. Finally, in late July, I thought luck

favoured22 me at last when I was offered an interview for the position

of ‘accounting trainee23’. The interview went smoothly especially

when I showed my straight24 A’s to the interviewer, until she asked

‘do you have any hands-on25 experience elsewhere’. I was sent away

soon after I replied that I was a fresh graduate, and nothing was heard

from her since then. August is now almost over, and I am still looking

and waiting for employment.

It is understandable that most employers would like to have people who

have experience – who does not want to have ready-made26 employees

比較過去和現在的情況，引

入話題。

提及自己的主修科目，提高

真實感。

段落大意：

作者於六月已開始尋找工

作，直至八月尾仍未被聘

用，因為幾乎所有的職位都

要求擁有相關經驗。期間只

曾獲得一次面試機會，但當

面試官知道作者是應屆畢業

生，他很快就被打發走，而

且再沒有收到任何消息。

這段提供了很多細節，甚至

還包括來自面試官的問題，

使作者的經歷聽起來真實可

信。

段落大意：

大部分僱主都希望能聘用有

經驗的員工，這是可以理解

的。然而，如果所有僱主都

Sample Essay

35

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED


who can immediately be productive27 without spending a penny28

training them? They are more than29 welcome to do so if they intend

to drain30 the pool of fresh blood in their industry – if all employers

demand practical experience, then it is practically31 impossible for

young graduates to enter the workplace to gain experience, but without

experience, there is no way for them to enter the workplace. This

vicious circle32 would eventually backfire33 on the employers years

later when many of their senior employees retire – there would simply

be no one with experience to replace them. Asking for work

experience from fresh graduates like us is as absurd34 as wanting

money to grow on trees.

There are two reasons why employers should not exclude35 us from

their candidate pool, the first being that we, in fact, can integrate36

ourselves into their cultures better. The success of a workplace

without doubt depends on the experience and skills of its people, but it

is workplace harmony that can drive the people to work cooperatively,

and it is common sense that no two workplaces are exactly the same –

the practices an experienced worker is used to may not be applicable to

the new workplace, and getting used to new ways is not easy and may

lead to conflicts, which can damage the morale37 of a workforce.

Fresh graduates are raw materials waiting to be moulded38 exactly into

what employers want them to be – between new, raw steel and

‘experienced’, recycled steel, which would the general public prefer

when making construction materials?

The other reason is that fresh graduates can be employed at a lower

salary. We must never forget that employment is a two-way process –

employers can of course demand experience from employees, but the

latter39 can also demand a higher salary given that they are better

equipped, which also puts a financial burden on the former40. Surely,

training fresh graduates takes time and money, and they may not be as

effective and efficient as one anticipates41 them to be, but in the long

term, the overall expenditure may not necessarily42 be much higher

than employing an experienced person, given that the graduates should

要求員工擁有實際經驗，那

麼年輕的大學畢業生實際上

是不可能進入職場獲得經

驗，而缺乏經驗，他們就沒

有辦法進入職場。這種惡性

循環最終會弄巧反拙，多年

後，將沒有人可以取代那些

老員工。

這段第二句使用了反諷的手

法：如果僱主打算讓新成員

在他們的行業流失，非常歡

迎他們只聘用有經驗的員

工。

最後把要求應屆畢業生擁有

工作經驗比喻為希望錢長在

樹上，帶出了事情的荒謬。

段落大意：

僱主不應該從他們的候選人

中排除應屆畢業生，原因之

一是，他們能更好地融入其

文化。

把應屆畢業生比喻為原材料

或新的原鋼，又把有經驗的

員工比喻為回收的鋼材，然

後問大眾傾向於選擇何者做

建築材料，答案呼之欲出。

段落大意：

另一個原因是，應屆畢業生

會接受較低的薪酬。

承認培訓應屆畢業生需要花

費時間和金錢，以免偏頗，

但呼籲僱主們把目光放遠一

點，因為從長遠來看，培訓

可能是值得的。

36

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED


become more and more skilled as time goes by.

No one is born to be experienced. Even the most experienced43

employers today started as complete novices44 back in those days,

making mistakes and requiring their seniors to coach45 them. It is

hoped that they will acknowledge46 the potential strengths we fresh

graduates have, and offer us a chance to prove ourselves to them.

Yours truly,

Chris Chris Wong

最後，提醒僱主們，即使是

今天最資深的老闆，於當年

也是新手，希望他們會將心

比心。

37

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED


Glossary:

1 hold sb in high

regard ph. 對…很敬重 24 straight adj. 連續的

2 decent adj. 相當好的 25 hands-on adj. 親身的

3 institute n. 學院 26 ready-made adj. 現成的

4 fare v. 有…的遭遇 27 productive adj. 有生產力的

5 alumnus n. 校友 28 penny n. 一分一毫

6 not to mention ph. 莫說 29 more than adv. 非常

7 land v. 獲得 30 drain v. 抽乾

8 competitive adj. 有競爭力的 31 practically adv. 實際上

9 notwithstanding prep. 儘管 32 vicious circle ph. 惡性循環

10 shiny adj. 閃亮的 33 backfire v. 產生反效果

11 transcript n. 成績單 34 absurd adj. 荒唐的

12 in no time ph. 很快 35 exclude v. 排除

13 considerable adj. 相當多的 36 integrate v. 融入

14 pop up ph. （電腦）彈出 37 morale v. 士氣

15 enthusiasm n. 熱情 38 mould v. 塑造

16 fade away ph. 逐漸消失 39 the latter n. 後者

17 glance v. 掃視 40 the former n. 前者

18 ridiculous adj. 荒謬的 41 anticipate v. 預計

19 faith n. 信心 42 necessarily adv. 必然地

20 audit n. 核數 43 experienced adj. 很有經驗的

21 associate n. 副學士 44 novice n. 新手

22 favour v. 眷顧 45 coach v. 指導

23 trainee n. 見習生 46 acknowledge v. 承認

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