bba 312- renewable and non renewable

8/6/2019 BBA 312- Renewable and Non Renewable

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Introduction to Subject


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R ole of NGOs, PIL , and Environmental ActivismEcosystemsHuman Population Growth and its effect on environmentR enewable and Non- R enewable

Water PollutionAir PollutionSolid waste management

Natural DisastersFloods /DamsIndian environmental LawsEIA and EMS


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T o gain an understanding of the concepts fundamental to

environmental ScienceT o understand the complexity of ecosystems and possiblyhow to sustain themT o understand the relationships between humans and the

environment.T o understand major environmental problems including their causes and consequences.T o understand current and controversial environmental

issues and possible solutions to environmental problems andtheir pros and cons.T o understand how social issues and politics impact theenvironment.


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If you plan for one year, plant rice, if you plan for 10 years plant trees and if you plan for 100 years, educate people

So, if we want to manage our earth , we must make people environmentallyeducated

Environment can be defined as the circumstances or conditions thatsurrounds an organism

Environmental Sciences , is the systematic study of our environment and

existence in it


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Scientific Assessment

Risk Analysis

Public Education andInvolvement

Political Action

Evaluation

Scientific Assessment:o Collection of information, data, simulations ,

model, predict the futureR isk Analysis:

o R esults from simulations are analyzed. Potentialeffects

Public Education and involvement:o T hrough publications, awareness through mediao Explanation of the problem along with probable

cost

Political Action:o

Course of ActionEvaluation:

o Actions to be evaluated, monitoredo Improve the initial assessment


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Awarenesso T o help people acquire an awareness of and a sensitivity to the total environment and its allied

problems

K nowledgeo T o help people acquire basic understanding of the total environment and associated problems

Attitudeo T o help people acquire social values, strong feelings of concern for the environment and the

motivation to act in protecting and improving

Skillso T o help people acquire the skills for identifying and solving environmental problems

Evaluation Abilityo Evaluate environmental measures and education programs

Participationo

Active involvement at all levels in working towards resolving environmental problems


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Conservation of energy by introduction alternate sources , improvedtechnologies, processes compatible with environment

Increase in economic productivity through improved health of people

Conservation of fast depleting natural resources

New ways and means to maintain ecological balance

K nowledge about waste management, treatment and disposal techniques

Social responsibility towards control of environmental pollution and protection


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R apid population growth

Food shortage and famines

Water Storage

Depletion of non renewable fossil fuels

Damage to the environmento Acid R aino Global Warming

Deforestation

Disposal of solid and hazardous wastes


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R enewable and Non R enewable R esources


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R enewable R esources (Inexhaustible R esources)o Inexhaustible resources have the ability to reappear or replenish

themselves by recycling, reproduction or replacement. Includeso Sunlighto Plantso Animalso Soilo Water o Living organisms

Non-renewable R esources (Exhaustible R esources)o T he non- renewable resources are the earth's materials. T hese renewable

sources includeo Mineralso Fossil fuels


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Land, a critically important national resource, supports allliving organisms including plants

All primary production system such as roads, industries,

communication and storage for surface and ground water,among others

T he soil profile of land determines its ability to serve

socio-economic needs


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It has been estimated that more than 5,000 million tonnesof top soil is eroded annually along with about 5 milliontonnes of nutrients

About a third of this is lost to the sea , while the rest builds the silt load in reservoirs and river beds leading tofloods

Arid areas suffering from moderate or high degree of soilloss comprise up to 4% of the geographical area


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Land degradation : is the reduction in the capacity of theland to provide ecosystem goods and services and assureits functions over a period of time for the beneficiaries of these


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Forests

Area under non- agriculture use (constructed)

Barren and uncultivable land

Permanent grazing land

Cropped areas


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Causes of land degradation:

Deforestation and removal of natural degradation

Over exploitation of wood cover for domestic use

Overgrazing

Agricultural activities


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` Soil is thin layer of organic and inorganic material thatcovers the earths rocky layer

` CompositionStone and gravel

Coarser sandFine sandSiltClay


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When plants (trees & shrubs) are cleared from a site, soil isexposed to sunlight and the eroding effects of wind andwater.Soil aeration is increased and the rate of weatheringincreases.Apart from erosion, the proportion of organic matter in thesoil gradually decreases, through the action of microbes inthe soil which use it as a source of energy - unless the newland use provides some replacement.


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Soil erosiono T opsoil of land is of essential nutrients for plants and vegetableso Soil erodes, R ich top layer humus is removedo Unfit for growth for many years

Loss of fertility by mismanagemento Unscientific cropping practiceso Imbalance of nutrientso Loss of organic matter o Soil pollution

Deterioration of soil structure

Floods and drought


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Sources of Soil PollutionDisposal Industrial WasteDisposal of Soil wastes in urban areasAccumulation of lead particulates from automobile exhaust

Garbage containing plastics, glasses, metallic cansAgricultural practicesx Excessive use of fertilizersx Pesticides used to kill unwanted speciesBiological agentsx Excreta, faulty sanitation, municipal garbage


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` Ag ricultural R educed soil fertilityLarger loss of soil and nutrientsDeposition of silt in tanks and reservoirsR educed crop yieldImbalance in soil fauna and flora

` Industrial Dangerous chemicals entering underground water Ecological imbalanceR elease of pollutant gasesR elease of radioactive rays causing health problemsIncreased salinityR educed vegetation


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Proper dumping of wasteBan on use of plastic bags which are major cause of pollution incitiesR ecycling of plastic wastes to manufacture many 'remake' items

Ban on deforestationEncouraging forest re-plantation programsUndertaking many pollution awareness programsCrop rotation- revive the depleted nutrients


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S ustainable development , meets the needs of the presentwithout compromising the ability of future generations tomeet their own needs

Environmental sustainability is based on following ideas:o Earths resources are not present in infinite supplyo Live within limits that let renewable resources such as fresh

water regenerate for future needso Share the responsibility for environmental sustainability


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Energy consumption is considered as an index of its

development

T he first form of energy known was FI R E

Wind and Hydropower have been in use for the last 10,000years

T he invention of steam engines replaced the burning of wood by coal and coal was later replaced to a great extent by oil.

In 1970s due to Iranian revolution and Arab oil ban the prices of oil shoot up, leading to exploration and use of several alternate sources of energy


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Per capita energy use and GNP

(Data from World Resources Institute, 1997)


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A source of energy is one that can provide adequateamount of in a usable form over a long period of timeT hese sources are of two types:o Renewable Resources which can be generated continuously in

nature and are inexhaustible (also called as non-conventionalenergy sources) e.g., wood, solar energy, wind energy, tidalenergy, hydro power, bio-mass energy, bio-fuels, geo-thermalenergy and hydrogen

o N on-renewable Resources which have accumulated in natureover a long span of time and cannot be quickly replenished whenexhausted. e.g., coal, petroleum, natural gas and nuclear fuelslike uranium thorium


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Sun is the ultimate source of energy.

T he nuclear fusion reaction taking place inside the sunrelease enormous quantities of energy in the form of heat and light

T echniques for harnessing Solar energySolar Heat Collectors Solar CellsSolar Cookers Solar Water Heaters

Solar Furnaces Solar Power Plants


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Natural R esources are essential not only for sustaininglife but also as an important input for economic growth

Natural resources are essential for production andconsumption, maintenance of life-support systems, aswell as having intrinsic value in existence for intergenerational and other reasons.

bba 312- renewable and non renewable

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