bba 312- air pollution

8/7/2019 BBA 312- Air Pollution

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Outliney Types of pollutants

y Source and Effects

y NAAQS

y Green House Effecty Climate Change

y Global warming

y Control of Air Pollution


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Air Pollution

y Air pollution may be defined as the presence in the air of one

or more contaminants in such quantities and of such durations

as may be or tend to be injurious to human, animal or plant life,

or property

y Sources of Air pollutiony Natural: Natural sources of sulphur dioxide include release from

volcanoes, biological decay and forest fires

y Man made sources:

y Deforestation

y Emissions

y Explosives used in wars


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Air Pollution classification

y Primary air pollutants -Materials that when released pose health risks in

their unmodified forms or those emitted directly from identifiable sources.

y Secondary air pollutants - Primary pollutants interact with one another,

sunlight, or natural gases to produce new, harmful compounds


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Common pollutants and effects

y Six Common Air Pollutants

CarbonMonoxide

Oxides of Nitrogen

Oxides of Sulphur

Particulates

Ozone

Lead/Hydrocarbon


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Environmental effects of Air Pollution

Acid Rain

CO2, CH4, CFCS

Sulphur Dioxide

Carbon Monoxide

Unburnt hydrocarbonfuels, HC

Oxides of Nitrogen

Photochemical Smog

Global Warming (GreenHouse Effect

Ozone Depletion


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y Photochemical Smog

y Acid Rain

y Greenhouse Effect

y Enhanced green house effect(Global Warming)

y

Ozone Layer and its depletiony Depletion of stratospheric Ozone


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y Photochemical Smogy Fog (Fog is a cloud that is in contact with the ground) in the atmosphere

condense on the carbon particles of smoke to form smog

y London Smog: Formed from Sox particulates and humidity, temp. inversion

humid foggy, stagnant air, air will look sooty, dirty, foggy

y Los Angeles Fog (Photochemical Smog): action of sunlight on thehydrocarbon and the nitrogen oxide

Photochemical Smog

London Smog


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Acid Rain


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Green House Effecty

Green house effect is the rise in the temp. that earth experience because ofcertain gases (H2O vapor, CO2, NO,Methane) in the atmosphere absorb

energy from sun

y Gases help to trap the energy and maintains earths temperature

y Green houses gases:Methane, CO2, NO2 and CFCs

Enhanced Green House effect (GlobalWarming)

green house is natural phenomenonthat is responsible for life on earthBut due to industrialization,concentration of green house gasesincreasing making earth warmerleading to global warming


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Ozone layer and its depletion


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Air Pollution Control

y Source correctionMethodsy Substitution of raw material

y Modification in process

y Alternation in equipments

y Air Pollution control devices

y Gravitational settling chambers

y Cyclone collector

y Fabric filters

y Electrostatic precipitators

y Wet scrubbers


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Government Steps

y Establishment of Ambient Air QualityMonitoring throughout India

y Notification of Ambient Air Quality Standards under Environment (Protection)

Act.

y Notification of vehicular emission norms

y Improving fuel quality by phasing out lead from gasoline, reducing diesel

sulphur, reducing gasoline benzene, and etc

yIntroduction of alternate fuelled vehicles like CNG/LPG

y Improvement of public transport system.

y Phasing out of polluting commercial vehicles, Public awareness & campaigns.Source: http://www.cpcb.nic.in


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State Boards are implementing following program

y Pollution control in various categories of highly polluting industries

y Pollution control from industries discharging waste water into rivers and lakes

y Inventory of pollution industries in the State and ensuring their compliance to

the Pollution control norms

y Restoration of environmental quality in critically polluted areas

y Monitoring of water and ambient air quality in the States Hazardous waste

y Bio-medical andManagement ofMunicipal Solid Wastes

Source: http://www.cpcb.nic.in


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Climate Changey Climate change is a long-term change in the statistical distribution of weather

patterns over periods of time that range from decades to millions of years

y Global warming and climate change refer to an increase in average global

temperatures. Natural events and human activities are believed to be

contributing to an increase in average global temperatures. This is caused

primarily by increases in greenhouse gases such as Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

y Greenhouse gases (for example, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, water

vapour, ozone), re-emit some of this heat to the earth's surface.

y If they did not perform this useful function, most of the heat energy would

escape, leaving the earth cold (about -18 C) and unfit to support life.

A warming planet thus leads to a change in climate which can affect weather in

various ways


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y With Industrial Revolution , man-made activities have added significant

quantities of GHGs to the atmosphere.

y The atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide

have grown by about 31%, 151% and 17%, respectively (IPCC 2001)

y An increase in the levels of GHGs could lead to greater warming, which, in

turn, could have an impact on the world's climate, leading to the phenomenonknown as climate change

y It is difficult to determine whether current observations of increasing

temperature are due to natural variability or whether they have been forced by

anthropogenic (man-made) activities

y As, variations in temperature have also occurred in the past - the best known is

the Little Ice Age .


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bba 312- air pollution

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