baytexrenoairstudy clearstone engineering ltd. …...tank emissions were determined through the...
TRANSCRIPT
TECHNICALREPORT
October 11, 2013
Assessment and Inventory of Atmospheric Emissions from Heavy Oil Production Facilities in the Baytex Reno Field.
Prepared For: Baytex Energy Ltd. Suite 2800, 520-3rd street S.W Calgary, AB, T2P 0R3
Prepared by: Clearstone Engineering Ltd.
700, 900-6th Avenue S.W. Calgary, AB, T2P 3K2
ii
DISCLAIMER
While reasonable effort has been made to ensure the accuracy, reliability and completeness of the information presented herein, this report is made available without any representation as to its use in any particular situation and on the strict understanding that each reader accepts full liability for the application of its contents, regardless of any
fault or negligence of Clearstone Engineering Ltd.
iii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Clearstone Engineering Ltd. conducted field studies at the Baytex Reno Field from February 26 to March 6, 2013 for purposes of characterizing atmospheric emissions and completing an emissions inventory for purposes of air quality modeling. The Reno Field consists of 23 operational cold heavy oil production pads with 41 individual wells, one water injection facility and one gas plant. Emission sources include lift pump engines, compressor engines, tank heaters, tank vents, flares and one incinerator. Emissions from these locations were included in the inventory.
To characterize emissions, Clearstone conducted flow measurement of produced fluids and solution gas vented to atmosphere or directed to flare. Casing gas, solution gas and combustion device flue gas samples were collected and submitted to the Alberta Innovates Technology Futures laboratory for comprehensive analysis. Operational data was recorded or subsequently obtained from Baytex for the test period and for the month of February 2013.
Gas streams were sampled using two types of sampling trains. Fixed gases, C1 to C4
hydrocarbons, volatile hydrocarbons and reduced sulphur compounds were sampled using a SilicoCan™ canister sampling train. Semi-volatile compounds were sampled using a PUF sampling train. The analytical protocols quantified over 160 substances.
A material balance, considering all fuel and flue gas substances identified, was completed for each combustion source type to determine the actual air to fuel ratio, combustion efficiency and flue gas to fuel gas ratio. Based on the results of these material balances,emission factors for all substances observed in the flue gas were determined and expressed in terms of mass emission per unit of energy input to the combustion device.For NOx, CO and PM published emission factors were applied to the combustion sources to complete the emission profile. Following this procedure, emission factors were determined for the lift pump and compressor engines and for the tank heaters.
Tank emissions were determined through the measurement of vent gases from 10 production facilities. The vent gas flow rate of the first production tank was measured using an ultrasonic flow measurement device. Measurements provided flow velocity, temperature and pressure, and assuming saturated conditions the dry gas vent rate was calculated. Vent gas sample analyses were used to correct the vent gas flow rate to an air-free dry flow rate and to determine emission factors. The dry air-free flow rate and the production data provided by Baytex were used to determine the vent gas GOR during the test period. The gas analyses were used to determine emission factors for all vented substances.
iv
Based on the tests completed:1. Emission factors were developed for two operating scenarios:
a. Solution Gas venting where only solution gas associated with oil production was vented
b. Mixed Casing and Solution Gas venting where excess casing was directed to the top of the production tank and after mixing with the solution gas, was vented.
2. Average vent gas GOR ratios were determined for two operating scenarios:a. Solution Gas GOR, based on three tests, averaged 1.45 dsm3 gas/m3 oilb. Mixed casing and Solution Gas GOR, based on seven tests, averaged
51.1 dsm3 gas/m3 oil
In addition to the above, odour measurement data determined by RWDI was processed and expressed as odour units per dsm3 air-free vented gas. Raw data was sorted to develop odour emission factors for Solution Gas and Mixed Casing and Solution Gas.
Based on these results and production data provided by Baytex Energy Ltd., a complete emissions inventory for the Reno Field was compiled for the existing operations for February 2013. The inventory includes all production pads, the water injection or disposal facility and the gas plant where surplus gas in delivered to TCPL. The emissions inventory provides emissions for all compounds identified in grams per second and is source type and location specific. The inventory is contained in a data file suitable for application in dispersion modeling studies.
For this inventory, Combustion device emissions were based on the determined emission factors and the calculated fuel consumption of each device. Tank vent emissions were based on the applicable emission factors, the reported average daily oil production rate and a field vent gas GOR of 51 as specified by Baytex. The applied GOR is comparable to the value determined for those wells where mixed casing and solution gas was vented and considerably greater than the value determined for those wells where solution gas was vented. All hydrocarbon gas emissions were assumed to be released from the first production tank.Flare and incinerator combustion efficiencies of 98% and 99.5% respectively,were applied at those locations where vented gases were directed an emission control device.
v
TABLE OF CONTENTS DISCLAIMER ................................................................................................................................ ii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................... iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................... v LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ vii LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... ix LIST OF ACRYNOMS .................................................................................................................. x 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 1 2 SCOPE OF WORK ................................................................................................................. 5 3 METHODOLOGIES ............................................................................................................... 7
3.1 Flow Measurements ........................................................................................................... 7 3.1.1 Oil Flow ..................................................................................................................... 7 3.1.2 Solution Gas .............................................................................................................. 7
3.2 Sampling Systems .............................................................................................................. 7 3.2.1 Inert, Volatile and Reduced Sulphur Compounds ..................................................... 7 3.2.2 Semi-Volatile Sampling Train ................................................................................... 8
3.3 Analytical Protocols ........................................................................................................... 8 3.3.1 Fixed Gases, VOC and RSH Protocol ....................................................................... 8 3.3.2 Semi-Volatile Analytical Protocol ............................................................................. 9
3.4 Emission Factor Development ........................................................................................... 9 3.4.1 Combustion Process Material Balance ...................................................................... 9 3.4.2 Method for NOx, CO and PM .................................................................................... 9
3.5 Combustion Efficiency ..................................................................................................... 10 4 FIELD MEASUREMENT RESULTS .................................................................................. 11
4.1 Vent Gas Flow Measurements ......................................................................................... 11 4.2 Vent Gas Analyses ........................................................................................................... 16 4.3 Vent Gas Composition ..................................................................................................... 17 4.4 Site Specific Emission factors .......................................................................................... 24
4.4.1 Lift Pump Engines ................................................................................................... 24 4.4.2 Compressor Engines ................................................................................................ 29 4.4.3 Fired Tank Heaters .................................................................................................. 33
4.5 NOx, CO and PM2.5 Emissions ......................................................................................... 37 4.6 Semi-Volatile Substances ................................................................................................. 37
4.6.1 Tank Emissions ........................................................................................................ 37 4.6.2 Engine Emissions .................................................................................................... 39
4.7 Odour Samples ................................................................................................................. 40 5 INVENTORY DEVELOPMENT ......................................................................................... 42
5.1 Combustion Device Emissions ......................................................................................... 42 5.1.1 Fuel Flow Rates ....................................................................................................... 42 5.1.2 Flare and Incinerator Flow Rates ............................................................................. 44 5.1.3 NOx, CO and PM2.5 Emission Rates ........................................................................ 45
vi
5.2 Tank Vent Emission Factors ............................................................................................ 46 5.2.1 Tank Vent Flow Rates ............................................................................................. 46
5.3 Dehy Regenerator Emissions ........................................................................................... 53 5.4 Odour Sample Results ...................................................................................................... 54 5.5 Emission Inventory Data File ........................................................................................... 57
6 CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................................... 58 7 REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................... 60 8 APPENDIX A - DETAILED SAMPLE RESULTS ............................................................. 61
vii
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1. BAYTEX RENO FIELD PRODUCTION FACILITY LOCATIONS AND MAJOR EQUIPMENT LIST. ................ 3 TABLE 2. FUEL, FLUE AND PROCESS GAS STREAMS SAMPLE DATES USING SILICOCAN™ CANISTERS AND
ANALYZED BY AITF. ............................................................................................................................. 5 TABLE 3. SEMI-VOLATILE PUF SAMPLING LOCATIONS AND DATES. ............................................................... 6 TABLE 4. OPERATIONAL STATUS OF BAYTEX RENO FIELD WELLS DURING FIELD MEASUREMENT STUDY OF
FEBRUARY 26 TO MARCH 6, 2013. .......................................................................................................11 TABLE 5. SUMMARY OF MEASURED AVERAGE VELOCITY, TEMPERATURE, MOISTURE CONTENT AND VENT GAS
FLOW INCLUDING RELATIVE STANDARD DEVIATION AT SELECTED BAYTEX RENO FIELD PRODUCTION PADS. ....................................................................................................................................................12
TABLE 6. REPORTED OIL PRODUCTION AND GAS MEASUREMENTS AT BAYTEX RENO FIELD PADS.................16 TABLE 7. AVERAGE MOLE FRACTION COMPOSITION AND RELATIVE STANDARD DEVIATION OF CASING AND
SOLUTION GAS MIX VENTED AND SOLUTION GAS VENTED TO ATMOSPHERE AND MIXED GAS VENTED TO A FLARE OR INCINERATOR AT PRODUCTION PADS IN THE BAYTEX RENO FIELD. ...................................18
TABLE 8. MATERIAL BALANCE AND EMISSION FACTOR RESULTS FOR LIFT PUMP ENGINE AT PAD 2-1 OF BAYTEX RENO FIELD............................................................................................................................25
TABLE 9. MATERIAL BALANCE AND EMISSION FACTOR RESULTS FOR COMPRESSOR ENGINE AT PAD 13-14 OF
BAYTEX RENO FIELD............................................................................................................................30 TABLE 10. MATERIAL BALANCE AND EMISSION FACTOR RESULTS FOR TANK HEATER AT PAD 5-32 OF
BAYTEX RENO FIELD............................................................................................................................34 TABLE 11. SUMMARY OF NOX, CO AND PM2.5 EMISSION FACTORS APPLIED TO LIFT PUMP AND COMPRESSOR
ENGINES, TANK HEATERS AND FLARE AND INCINERATOR COMBUSTION SOURCES. ...............................37 TABLE 12. SUMMARY OF SEMI-VOLATILE COMPOSITION OF THE CASING AND SOLUTION GAS MIX VENTED
AND THE SOLUTION GAS VENTED AT PRODUCTION PADS IN THE BAYTEX RENO FIELD. ........................38 TABLE 13. SUMMARY OF SEMI-VOLATILE EMISSIONS FROM COMPRESSOR ENGINES OPERATING AT THE
BAYTEX RENO FIELD............................................................................................................................39 TABLE 14. ODOUR SAMPLE PAD, WELL, SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION AND SAMPLE DATE. ..................................40 TABLE 15. SUMMARY OF ESTIMATED CASING FUEL GAS ALLOCATIONS TO WELLS FOR LIFT PUMP AND
COMPRESSOR ENGINES, AND TANK HEATERS AT BAYTEX RENO FIELD. ................................................42 TABLE 16. CASING GAS ALLOCATIONS BY DEVICE AT EACH PAD IN THE BAYTEX RENO FIELD. ....................43 TABLE 17. MINIMUM, MAXIMUM AND AVERAGE MONTHLY AND AVERAGE DAILY FLARED OR INCINERATED
VOLUMES PER PAD AT BAYTEX RENO FIELD FOR JANUARY TO MARCH 2013 INCLUSIVE. ....................44 TABLE 18. SUMMARY OF NOX, CO AND PM2.5 EMISSIONS FROM COMBUSTION SOURCES AT PRODUCTION
PADS IN THE BAYTEX RENO FIELD BASED ON ESTIMATED DAILY FUEL CONSUMPTION RATES. .............45 TABLE 19 OIL PRODUCTION AND TANK VENT TO ATMOSPHERE FOR BAYTEX RENO FIELD PRODUCTION
WELLS FOR FEBRUARY 2013.................................................................................................................47 TABLE 20. SUMMARY OF EMISSIONS FACTORS FOR MIXED SOLUTION AND CASING GAS VENTED, SOLUTION
GAS VENTED AND MIXED SOLUTION GAS AND CASING GAS FLARED OR INCINERATED FROM PRODUCTION TANKS IN THE BAYTEX RENO FIELD......................................................................................................48
TABLE 21: GLYCOL DEHYDRATOR REGENERATOR EMISSION TO ATMOSPHERE AT BAYTEX RENO FIELD GAS PLANT...................................................................................................................................................54
TABLE 22. ODOUR SAMPLE RESULTS AND ODOUR STRENGTH OF SAMPLES EXPRESSED IN TERMS OF DRY AIR
FREE VENTED SOLUTION GAS OR MIXED CASING AND SOLUTION GAS....................................................56 TABLE 23. SUMMARY OF THE AIR IN VENT GAS AND AIR-FREE DRY MOLE FRACTION COMPOSITION PROFILES
OF GAS VENTED FROM PRODUCTION TANKS IN THE BAYTEX RENO FIELD WHEN CASING GAS AND SOLUTION GAS ARE HANDLED IN PRODUCTION TANKS BASED ON SAMPLES IN FEBRUARY 2013 AND JULY 2012. ...........................................................................................................................................61
viii
TABLE 24. SUMMARY OF THE AIR IN VENT GAS AND AIR-FREE DRY MOLE FRACTION COMPOSITION PROFILES OF GAS VENTED FROM PRODUCTION TANKS IN THE BAYTEX RENO FIELD WHEN SOLUTION GAS ONLY IS HANDLED IN PRODUCTION TANKS BASED ON SAMPLES IN FEBRUARY 2013. .........................................66
TABLE 25. SUMMARY OF THE AIR IN SAMPLE AND AIR-FREE DRY MOLE FRACTION COMPOSITION PROFILES OF GAS FLARED FROM PRODUCTION TANKS IN THE BAYTEX RENO FIELD. .................................................71
ix
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1. A BAYTEX RENO FIELD COLD HEAVY OIL PRODUCTION PAD. ........................................................ 2 FIGURE 2. BAYTEX RENO FIELD SCHEMATIC SHOWING PRODUCTION PAD LOCATIONS. .................................. 2 FIGURE 3. INERT, VOC AND RSC CANISTER SAMPLING TRAIN SCHEMATIC. ................................................... 8 FIGURE 4. SEMI-VOLATILE POLYURETHANE FILTER (PUF) SAMPLING TRAIN SCHEMATIC. ............................. 8 FIGURE 5. VENT GAS FLOW MEASUREMENT AT PAD 8-29. .............................................................................13 FIGURE 6. VENT GAS FLOW MEASUREMENT AT PAD 5-32. .............................................................................13 FIGURE 7. VENT GAS FLOW MEASUREMENT AT PAD 8-31E............................................................................13 FIGURE 8. VENT GAS FLOW MEASUREMENT AT PAD 8-21. .............................................................................14 FIGURE 9. VENT GAS FLOW MEASUREMENT AT PAD 9-21N. ..........................................................................14 FIGURE 10. VENT GAS FLOW MEASUREMENT AT PAD 9-15E..........................................................................14 FIGURE 11. VENT GAS FLOW MEASUREMENT AT PAD 10-12. .........................................................................15 FIGURE 12. VENT GAS FLOW MEASUREMENT AT PAD 13-14S........................................................................15 FIGURE 13. VENT GAS FLOW MEASUREMENT AT PAD 15-36. .........................................................................15 FIGURE 14. LIFT PUMP ENGINE LOCATED IN A SHEET METAL BUILDING WITH A ROOF TOP EMISSION
DISCHARGE POINT. ................................................................................................................................24 FIGURE 15. LIFT PUMP ENGINE LOCATED IN IN THE OPEN SHOWING EMISSION DISCHARGE POINT..................25 FIGURE 16. TYPICAL CASING GAS COMPRESSOR ENGINE DISCHARGE LOCATED ABOVE SHEET METAL
BUILDING WITH FLUE GAS SAMPLING EQUIPMENT SHOWN. ...................................................................29 FIGURE 17. TYPICAL PRODUCTION TANKS SHOWING FIRED HEATER STACK...................................................33
x
LIST OF ACRYNOMS
AITF Alberta Innovates Technologies Futures laboratoryAMML Above maximum measurable limitASTM American Society for Testing and MaterialsBaytex Baytex Energy Ltd.Baytex Reno All Baytex Reno field operationsBDL Below detectible limitBS&W Basic sediment and waterC1C4 C1 to C4 hydrocarbon identification and quantificationCE Combustion efficiencyCEL Clearstone Engineering Ltd.CH4 MethaneCO Carbon monoxideCO2 Carbon dioxideg gramGC Gas chromatographGC/MS Gas chromatograph/mass spectrometerGJ Giga JouleHC HydrocarbonHP High pressurekg kilogramL LitreLDL Lower detection limitLHS Left hand sideLP Low Pressuremg milligramNA Not applicableNOx Oxides of nitrogenO2 OxygenPM Particulate matterppb part per billionppm part per millionPUF Polyurethane filterPVRV Pressure vacuum relief valveRHS Right hand sideRSC Reduced sulphur compoundsRSD Relative standard deviationRWDI RWDI Air Inc.s SecondTCPL TransCanada Pipe LinesTHC Total hydrocarbonTOC Total organic carbonUSEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency
xi
VOC Volatile organic compoundmicro grams
1
1 INTRODUCTION
Baytex Energy Ltd. (Baytex) operates heavy oil production facilities at the Reno Field southeast of Peace River Alberta. Reno Field operations are referred to as cold heavy oil production with wells and production facilities located at production pads. The production pads include one or more multi-leg horizontal production wells operating at depths of about 600 meters to recover oil from the Bluesky formation.
Surface facilities include wellheads equipped with hydraulically driven lift pumps and flow lines delivering the produced fluids to, typically, two production tanks operating in series. The production tanks are maintained at 70 to 80C with casing gas-fired, in-tank, tube heaters to facilitate fluid transportation. The produced fluids include oil, water, sand and solution gas. Solution gas disengages from the oil in the production tank and is either vented to atmosphere or sent to flare. Oil, water and sand production is removed from the production tanks and loaded into trucks for disposition to sales or disposal. Some water is recycled back into the producing wells.
Casing gas is produced at each well and is directed into a line held at a pressure of 35-70 kPa to provide fuel gas for the pad. The casing fuel gas is used for hydraulic drive lift pump engines, compressor engines, tank heaters, flare pilots and sweep gas. Where possible, the excess gas is directed through a small compressor into a gas gathering system. At the one site not connected to the gas gathering system, casing gas is used as fuel and any excess is directed to the production tank. Casing gas directed to production tanks is vented to atmosphere or to an emission control device. Some sites include separators to remove liquid from the casing gas and some include methanol injection facilities. Both methods are used for control of line freezing.
One of the production units at a production pad tested during the field study, with wellhead (RHS), gas engine for hydraulic motor drive (by wellhead), four production tanks (centre) and flare stack (LHS), is shown in Figure 1. A second production unit on the adjacent pad is shown in the background. The locations of production pads in the Reno Field are shown in Figure 2.
All surplus casing gas flows to the gas processing facility located at 10-22-79-20W5 via a gas gathering system (ABGS0003592). The gas plant includes a compressor and dehydrator. The gas is compressed, water removed and delivered into the TCPL pipeline. In the event that flaring is required, it occurs at the production pads, not at the gas plant.
The Reno Field production pads are listed in Table 1. The operation includes 23 pads with a total of 41 wells of which four are shut in. The number of wells at each pad is indicated along with the number of tanks, casing gas compressors and hydraulic drive engines. Tanks in use are heated using casing gas. In addition, there is one water injection location consisting of one disposal well, three unheated water tanks, all with open vents to atmosphere.
2
Figure 1. A Baytex Reno Field cold heavy oil production pad.
Figure 2. Baytex Reno Field schematic showing production pad locations.
3
Table 1. Baytex Reno Field production facility locations and major equipment list. Pad Producing Well ID's Compressor Size TKS TKS in Use Engines Status 8-36-79-21W5 100/12-36-79-21W5 2 0 Shut In
2-1-80-21W5 100/9-31-79-20W5 41HP 4 4 3 102/7-31-79-20W5 4 4
15-36-79-20W5 100/01-31-79-20W5 2 2 2 102/01-31-79-20W5 1 1
4-06-80-20W5 103/12-32-79-20W5 1 1 1 102/12-32-79-20W5 1 0 Shut In
16-31-79-20W5 103/10-28-79-20W5 41HP 4 4 1
12-32-79-20W5 W0/01-33-79-20W5/02 41HP 2 2 2 103/13-28-79-20W5 1 1
5-32-79-20W5 100/04-06-80-20W5/03 90HP 2 2 3 102/12-28-79-20W5 2 2 100/13-28-79-20W5 2 2
8-31-79-20W5 W 100/09-29-79-20W5 2 2 1
8-31-79-20W5 E 102/13-31-79-20W5/02 41HP 2 2 3 102/09-29-79-20W5 2 2 102/01-01-80-21-W5 1 1
16-19-79-20W5 100/08-25-79-21W5/02 2 2 1 9-29-79-20W5 104/13-22-79-20W5 2 2 1
8-29-79-20W5 100/12-22-79-20W5 41HP 2 2 2 102/13-22-79-20W5 1 1
4-28-79-20W5 Water Disposal Well No heated tanks 3 3
8-21-79-20W5 100/09-15-79-20W5 2 2 2 100/12-14-79-20W5/02 2 2
9-21-79-20W5 SW
100/13-14-79-20W5 2 x 41HP 2 2 2 102/13-14-79-20W5 2 2
9-21-79-20W5 SE
103/08-29-79-20W5 41HP 2 2 2 100/01-29-79-20W5 2 2
9-21-79-20W5 N 100/04-23-79-20W5 2 2 2 102/04-23-79-20W5 2 2
4-23-79-20W5 103/06-13-79-20W5 99HP 2 2 1
13-14-79-20W5 N
102/06-13-79-20W5 99HP 2 2 3 100/15-21-79-20W5 4 4 100/04-13-79-20W5 2 2
13-14-79-20W5 S 102/01-14-79-20W5/02 99HP 2 2 2 100/14-21-79-20W5 5 5
9-15-79-20W5 W 100/16-11-79-20W5 1 0 2 Shut In 102/16-11-79-20W5 2 0 Shut In
9-15-79-20W5 E 100/13-12-79-20W5 2 2 2 102/13-12-79-20W5 2 2
9-14-79-20W5 100/02-13-79-20W5 41HP 2 2 2 10-12-79-20W5 100/08-14-79-20W5/03 2 2 1
10-22-79-20W5 Gas Plant 100 HP 0 0 1
Glycol Dehydrator 0 0 1
4
In an effort to characterize these operations, Clearstone Engineering Ltd. conducted a casing gas, solution gas and vent gas measurement and sampling program in February 2013. Fuel, flue and vent gas samples collected were analyzed of fixed gases, C1 to C4 hydrocarbons, sulphur compounds and volatile compounds. Ambient air samples collected with a polyurethane foam sampling system were analyzed for semi-volatile compounds including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Flow measurements were made using ultrasonic flow and radar measurement equipment. In addition, relevant operating conditions at sample locations were recorded.
To supplement these field study results, the results of a tank vent gas study conducted at Pads 8-31 and 10-12 in July 2012 are included. The scope of work for this study included gas flow measurements and emission characterization similar to the February study.
5
2 SCOPE OF WORK
Compilation of the inventory of atmospheric emissions associated with the Reno Field included the following tasks:
Delineation of all fuel consuming devices and determining their emissions. This was completed by listing all combustion devices at each pad, documenting fuel consumption,estimating some emissions based on published emission factors and the calculating mostemissions based on site specific sampling.Collection of fuel, flue and process stream samples and completion of detailed analysis to facilitate the determination of site specific emission factors.Determination of vented, flared or incinerated casing and solution gas flow rates associated with site specific production.Determination of semi-volatile emissions based on sampling and analysis.Observation and qualitative reporting of fugitive emissions using an infrared camera.
Table 2 summarizes the target fuel, flue and process gas streams by source type and the well pad identity. A total of 19 samples were collected and analyzed. One sample was contaminated and not acceptable.
Table 2. Fuel, flue and process gas streams sample dates using SilicoCan™ Canisters and analyzed by AITF.
Pad Casing (Fuel)Gas
Engine Flue Gas
Tank Heater Flue Gas
Tank Vent to Atmosphere
Tank Vent to Flare
February 2013 Field Work4-23 Feb 2610-12 Mar 4
2-1 Mar 5, Lift Pump Engine
Mar 5, Lift Pump Engine Mar 5
9-15E Mar 4
13-14SMar 4,
CompressorEngine
Mar 4,Compressor
EngineMar 4
15-36 Mar 5
5-32Mar 5,
Compressor Engine
March 5,Sample
ContaminatedFeb 28 Feb 28
8-21 Mar 1 8-29 Feb 28
8-31 E Feb 289-21 N Mar 19-21 SE Feb 26July 2012 Field Work
10-12 July 12 July 128-31 W July 11 July 11
6
In addition, six semi-volatile compound samples were collected at various sources. These are summarized in Table 3.
Table 3. Semi-volatile PUF sampling locations and dates.Pad Date Source Sampled5-32 Mar 5 Compressor5-32 Mar 6 Tank Vent,2-1 Mar 5 Compressor2-1 Mar 6 Tank Vent4-23 Mar 5 Compressor13-14 S Mar 4 Tank Vent
Upon receipt of all analytical results, the data were processed to develop site specific emissions factors for lift pump and compressor engines, and for gas-fired tank heaters. These site specific factors along with published emission factors were used to develop a comprehensive emission inventory for each production pad. Flare and incinerator emissions were based on assumed combustion efficiencies and average gas composition results.
7
3 METHODOLOGIES
3.1 FLOW MEASUREMENTS
Process fluid flow measurements including production from wellhead to production tank and solution gas vented from production tanks was attempted at various pads using ultrasonic flow measurement devices. In addition, fluid production rate measurements were attempted using a thief hatch mounted microwave liquid level radar system.
3.1.1 OIL FLOWFluid (oil and BS&W) flow was attempted using a clamp on ultrasonic flow measurement device. Of six measurement attempts only one was considered to be acceptable and close to the production rate reported by Baytex. The microwave radar tank top measurement device was attempted at the seven locations with similarly poor results. The measurement results are not used in any calculations. All production rates used in calculations are those reported by Baytex and these are included as fluid production and oil production with the difference being BS&W.
3.1.2 SOLUTION GASUltrasonic gas flow measurements of solution gas were completed at 10 locations in February 2013. Wet gas was measured and corrected to dry gas based on the temperature measured at the ultrasonic device location and local barometric pressure. Due to the prevailing weather conditions the gas temperature at the flow measurement location was lower that the tank vapour space temperature and consequently water vapour was condensed in the 4-inch sample line connected to the top of the tank and the 3-inch flow measurement cell. The condensation did not affect flow measurement but the condensed water vapour is not included in the wet flow rate. In all cases, the first tank in the production train was sampled as it exhibited the higher visual emission rate. The second tank exhibited considerably lower emissions. No estimate of the secondary emission rate was attempted and emissions reported are based on the single tank measurement.
3.2 SAMPLING SYSTEMS
Two sampling methods were required to achieve the objectives of the study. Volatile (VOC) and reduced sulphur (RSC) compounds and inert gases were sampled using an evacuated canister sampling train. For Semi-volatile compounds a polyurethane filter (PUF) sampling train. In both cases, the field collected samples were returned to the AITF laboratory for detailed analysis. The two methods are briefly described below.
3.2.1 INERT, VOLATILE AND REDUCED SULPHUR COMPOUNDSThe canister sampling train is shown in Figure 3. It includes a probe, for insertion into the source,a valve and a SilicoCan™ canister. The SilicoCan™ canister is supplied clean and evacuated. The source is sampled by slowly opening the valve after the probe is inserted in to the source duct opening. The canister fills with the sampled gas to a pressure equal to the local barometric
8
pressure. Local pressure and source temperature are noted. The canister is returned to the laboratory for analytical work based upon the prescribed protocol. The container is heated to approximately 15°C above the recorded source temperature prior to recover of sample for analyses. The sample train is based upon NCASI Method IM/CAN/WP-99.02 but does not include the impinger gas conditioning components.
Figure 3. Inert, VOC and RSC canister sampling train schematic.
3.2.2 SEMI-VOLATILE SAMPLING TRAINThe PUF sampling train includes impingers to remove condensable water prior to the samples gas passing through the PUF where semi-volatile compounds are trapped. After the water and semi-volatiles are removed the dry gas flows through a meter where the dry volume is measured and recorded. The sample is drawn through the sample train by a vacuum pump. The sampling train is shown schematically in Figure 4.
Figure 4. Semi-volatile polyurethane filter (PUF) sampling train schematic.
3.3 ANALYTICAL PROTOCOLS
Analytical work completed by Alberta Innovates followed prescribed protocols as outlined below.
3.3.1 FIXED GASES, VOC AND RSH PROTOCOLThe fixed gases, volatile and reduced sulphur compound analytical work included the quantification of numerous other organic compounds. The analytical procedure and lower detection limits used for the RSC/VOC/C1C4/Inert scans are:
RSC scans identified and quantifies reduced sulphur compounds by GC/SCD with a 1 ppb LDLVOC scans identified volatile organic compounds with by GC/MS 3 LDL
Sample Point
Impinger Train
PUF Dry Gas
Meter
Pump
Sample Point
SilicoCan™ Sample
Container
Valve
9
C1C4 scans identified and quantified C1 to C4 hydrocarbons by GS/MS with a 50ppb LDLInerts scan identified and quantified all fixed gases by GC with a 50 to 100 ppm LDL
3.3.2 SEMI-VOLATILE ANALYTICAL PROTOCOLSemi volatile compounds were identified and quantified using the alkylated PAH protocol. The
submitted. The PAH samples were extracted using the PUF sampling system from, nominally, 1 m3 of dry gas 3.
3.4 EMISSION FACTOR DEVELOPMENTTwo methods were used to compile the emission inventory. For site specific emissions identified through the sampling program a combustion process material balance was applied. For NOx, CO and PM, USEPA Method 19 and ASTM D3588-91, along with published emission factors were applied.
3.4.1 COMBUSTION PROCESS MATERIAL BALANCEA simple combustion process is defined as one where the only input streams were fuel gas andcombustion air and the only output was a single flue gas stream. For this process, a material balance calculation was completed for all compounds identified in the fuel gas and the flue gas. Typically, the fuel gas contained about 100 compounds, some of which were present in the flue gas. Typically, the flue gas contained about 50-100 compounds, some of which were not present in the fuel gas and assumed to be manufactured in the combustion process.
Fuel gas was corrected for potential air contamination during the sampling process by removing all oxygen and the associated nitrogen. The remaining composition was normalized and used in the material balance calculation. Air was assumed to be pure oxygen and nitrogen with no organic compound contamination. Flue gas analytical results were receive on a dry basis and could not be corrected for potential air contamination. The dry basis oxygen content was used as the key to complete the material balance.
The EXCEL spreadsheet based material balance program balanced flue gas oxygen content with measured oxygen content. The material balance program allowed for partial destruction of all fuel gas compounds and the creation of new compounds measured in the flue gas. The program was manually managed though two or more iterations to produce the final material balance.
3.4.2 METHOD FOR NOX, CO AND PMThis method is based on the calculation of compressibility, higher heating value, specific gravity and gross calorific as outlined in ASTM D3588-91 (60F (15.6C) @ 1 atm) and F Factor based on USEPA 40 CFR, Part 60, Appendix A, Method 19. This procedure determines is based on fuel composition, combustion source type characteristics and the application of published emission factors that are based on energy input.
10
3.5 COMBUSTION EFFICIENCY
Combustion efficiency was considered to be an important indicator of performance and was determined in various ways for each source sampled. Combustion efficiency not only indicated the fuel efficiency but may be an indicator of poor substance destruction or the potential formation of unwanted substances in the flue gas emissions.
The calculation methods for the three combustion efficiencies are:
CETOC =( , ) ( , )( , ) 100% (Equation 3.1)
Where:CETOC is the total organic carbon based combustion efficiencyCinlet,nonCO2 is the TOC in the inlet fuel gas excluding carbon dioxideCoutlet,nonCO2 is the TOC in the outlet flue gas excluding carbon dioxide
This method was used to make sure that all compounds identified in the fuel and flue gases were accounted for in the combustion efficiency calculation.
CECH4 = ( ) ( )( ) 100% (Equation 3.2)
Where:CECH4 is the total methane based combustion efficiencyCH4inlet is the methane in the inlet fuel gasCH4outlet is the methane in the outlet flue gas
This method considered methane to be a basic indicator of combustion efficiency.
CETHC = ( , ) ( )( , ) 100% (Equation 3.3)
Where:CETHC is the total hydrocarbon based combustion efficiencyCinlet,nonCO2 is the inlet gas without carbon dioxideTHCoutlet is the outlet total hydrocarbon
This method approximates the traditional use of a THC combustion analyzer to determine combustion efficiency.
11
4 FIELD MEASUREMENT RESULTSDuring the February 2013 field sampling period, the operational details for the wells studied are summarized in Table 4. Key information includes oil production, and casing and solution gas GORs. Data provided is for the day that the location was studied and does not necessarily represent a monthly or yearly average. Typically, all casing gas not used as fuel or delivered to the gas gathering system is directed to one production tank. Consequently, the observed release rate to atmosphere or to flare/incinerator cannot be related to the production well associated with the production tank in question.
Table 4. Operational status of Baytex Reno Field wells during field measurement study of February 26 to March 6, 2013.
Pad WellFluid Prod1
BS&W
Oil Prod
Casing Gas GOR2
Solution Gas GOR2
Total GOR
Total Pad Gas Prod3
m3/d % m3 m3/m3 m3/m3 m3/m3 m3/d2-1 100/09-31 7.1 24% 5.4 680 2.86 682.862-1 102/07-31 64.4 10% 58.0 46 2.86 48.86 6516.615-36 100/01-31 6 2% 5.9 41 2.86 43.8615-36 102/01-31 4.8 12% 4.2 83 2.86 85.86 620.68-31E 102/13-31 12 7% 11.2 147 2.86 149.868-31E 102/09-29 3 24% 2.3 196 2.86 198.868-31E 102/01-01 4.9 10% 4.4 167 2.86 169.86 2874.95-32 100/04-06 30.0 5% 28.5 46 2.86 48.865-32 102/12-28 7.0 7% 6.5 150 2.86 152.865-32 100/13-28 5.0 20% 4.0 580 2.86 582.86 4719.18-29 102/13-22 6 6% 5.6 179 2.86 181.868-29 100/12-22 11 20% 8.8 91 2.86 93.86 1851.79-21N 100/04-23 1.4 9% 1.3 94 2.86 96.869-21N 102/04-23 7 14% 6.0 552 2.86 554.86 3463.78-21 100/09-15 5 20% 4.0 91 2.86 93.868-21 100/12-14 5 1% 5.0 56.4 2.86 59.26 668.89-15E 100/13-12 4 8% 3.7 270 2.86 272.869-15E 102/13-12 3 7% 2.8 0 2.86 2.86 1012.113-14S 102/01-14 8 19% 6.5 217 2.86 219.8613-14S 100/14-21 49.5 43% 28.2 269 2.86 271.86 9095.210-12 100/08-14 8 37% 5.0 461 2.86 463.86 2337.91. Fluid production is actual daily production for the date that the field study was conducted.2. GOR for casing and solution gas are reported by Baytex.3. Total Pad Gas Prod is combined total of all wells operation at the pad.
4.1 VENT GAS FLOW MEASUREMENTSTank vent flow measurements, using the ultrasonic flow measurement device, were attempted at ten locations and successful at eight. The results are summarized in Table 5. The ultrasonic device measures actual wet gas velocity at the conditions noted. These conditions are at the location of the device and are not the same as the tank top conditions. As noted previously,
12
moisture condensation was observed at most locations due to the prevailing winter weather conditions during the field measurements. The results represent the average values for the measurement period and relative standard deviations for each measurement are indicated.
Measurement durations at each location and the actual velocity measurements are noted in figures 5 through 12 for the eight pads where measurements were successfully completed. In the figures, any gaps in measurement are reflective of operational issues related to the flow measurement device and do not reflect tank venting conditions. In general, lower flow rates are rather wispy with considerable variability while higher flow rates are relatively steady with minor variability. Average values were determined for the entire time period that measurements were obtained for a tank vent.
Table 5. Summary of measured average velocity, temperature, moisture content and vent gas flow including relative standard deviation at selected Baytex Reno Field production pads.
Pad Date and Start Time1Actual
Velocity2 RSD3Gas
Temp4 RSD Water5 RSDDry Gas6 RSD
m/s % °C % % % dsm3/h %08-29 02/27/2013 4:57:24 PM 2.973 8.4% 46.8 8.5% 11.4% 23.4% 30.27 8.6%05-32 02/28/2013 2:32:01 PM 2.112 40.0% 62.0 1.0% 22.8% 2.9% 18.12 39.6%08-31E 02/28/2013 12:00:13 PM 0.275 82.8% 15.3 30.4% 1.8% 31.4% 3.48 82.5%08-21 03/01/2013 2:29:30 PM 0.267 114.4% 11.5 18.8% 1.4% 15.1% 3.43 114.1%09-21N 03/01/2013 11:39:38 AM 8.664 7.9% 36.8 47.4% 8.8% 63.2% 87.87 10.0%09-15E 03/02/2013 11:26:58 AM 1.977 22.8% 43.9 1.7% 9.4% 4.0% 21.13 22.5%10-12 03/02/2013 3:20:25 PM 1.372 8.8% 43.3 6.1% 9.1% 13.6% 14.73 8.8%13-14S 03/02/2013 1:27:28 PM BDL7
02-01 03/03/2013 9:45:39 AM AMML8
15-36 03/03/2013 1:11:05 PM 1.103 40.7% 31.9 9.8% 4.9% 18.4% 12.87 40.5%1. Date and start time of measurements corresponds to the initial time indicated in the measured flow velocity figures.2. Velocity as measured in the Ultrasonic flow measurement cell.3. RSD = relative standard deviation4. As measured at the ultrasonic flow measurement location and not tank top temperature.5. Based on the Wagner & Pruss (1993) correlation and barometric pressure of 95.24 kPa.6. Dry gas flow rate correction is based on the noted temperature, pressure and moisture.7. BDL = Below detection limit.8. AMML = Above maximum measurement level.
13
Figure 5. Vent gas flow measurement at Pad 8-29.
Figure 6. Vent gas flow measurement at Pad 5-32.
Figure 7. Vent gas flow measurement at Pad 8-31E.
14
Figure 8. Vent gas flow measurement at Pad 8-21.
Figure 9. Vent gas flow measurement at Pad 9-21N.
Figure 10. Vent gas flow measurement at Pad 9-15E.
15
Figure 11. Vent gas flow measurement at Pad 10-12.
Figure 12. Vent gas flow measurement at Pad 13-14S.
Figure 13. Vent gas flow measurement at Pad 15-36.
16
4.2 VENT GAS ANALYSESOf the ten attempted flow measurements, eight successfully resulted in solution gas flow rates as presented in Table 6. The last column of the table indicates the expected presence of casing gas in the measured vent gas flow rate.
The tank vent flow rate at Pad 2-1 normally flows to a flare but was released to atmosphere for measurement purposes. However, the flow rate measured was above the maximum measurable limit of about 2000 dsm3/d. Comparing the estimated value to the expected value in Table 4 for pad confirms that the measured value was well below the actual rate.
Measurements at pads 2-1, 15-36, 5-32, 8-39, 9-21N, 9-15E and 10-12 were on tanks where excess casing gas was vented into the production tank. Measurements at pads 8-31E, 8-21 and 13-14S were on tanks that vented solution gas only.
The average solution gas GOR based on these three measurements was 1.45 m3/m3 based on total gas released divided by total oil production for the three wells. This value is approximately half of the solution gas GOR applied by Baytex when estimating solution gas production. For the remaining pads, where casing gas most likely was directed into the tank that were measured, the vent gas GOR value ranged from 10.1 to 285.1 m3/m3 and averaged 51.1 m3/m3. This average is based on the sum of the measure flow rates divided by the total oil production for the pads included in these measurements. The average of 51.1 m3/m3 is higher than the average of 31.4 m3/m3calculated for the same production pads using the appropriate data from Table 4.
Table 6. Reported oil production and gas measurements at Baytex Reno Field pads.
Pad
Pad Dry Oil Prod1 Well
Well Dry Oil Prod1
Tank Vent Measured
Tank Vent Measured
Air Frac
HC Vent Gas GOR
Includes Casing
Gasm3/d m3/d wsm3/d dsm3/d % m3/m3
2-1 63.4 102/07-31 58.0 AMML2 2000 48.7 16.2 Y15-36 10.1 100/01-31 5.9 325.7 308.9 34.7 20.0 Y8-31E 17.9 102/13-31 11.2 85.2 83.5 69.0 2.3 N5-32 39.0 100/04-06 28.5 564.2 434.4 8.9 10.1 Y8-29 14.4 102/13-22 5.6 823.2 726.4 0.8 49.9 Y9-21N 7.6 100/04-23 1.3 2407.03 2108.9 1.4 285.1 Y8-21 9.0 100/09-15 4.0 83.5 82.2 96.8 0.7 N9-15E 6.5 102/13-12 2.8 559.2 507.1 1.5 77.2 Y13-14S 34.7 102/01-14 6.5 BDL4 20 85.7 0.4 N10-12 5.0 100/08-14 5.0 388.6 353.3 11.1 62.3 Y1. Oil production is actual daily production for the date that the field study was conducted.2. Value is above the maximum measurable limit of the measurement device (AMML).3. Value is at or near the maximum measurement limit (MML).4. Value is below the measureable limit of the flow measurement device (BDL).
17
4.3 VENT GAS COMPOSITIONGas vented from production tanks was sampled at ten locations and of these gas directed to flare was sampled at two locations during the February 2013 field study. Based on operations at each location the samples were allocated to one of three categories: Casing and Solution Gas Mix, Solution Gas and Mixed Gas to Flare or Incinerator. Two tank vent locations (Pad 10-12 and Pad 8-31W) were sampled in July 2012 and these results were included in the Casing and Solution Gas Mix category. All samples were analyzed by AITF.
The air-free average composition profiles, RSD and number of samples in each category of the gas vented to atmosphere or directed to a flared or incinerator are presented Table 7. These averages are based on detailed multi-sample results provided in Appendix A. Table 23 is for mixed casing and solution gas vented to atmosphere, Table 24 is for solution gas vented to atmosphere and Table 25 is for mixed gas directed to a flare or an incinerator. The amount of air in the vented gas was calculated by removing all oxygen and the associated nitrogen from the laboratory report and is included in the first row of each analysis. The quantity of air varies considerably and is related to the actual production rates and related activities at each facility.
18
Tab
le 7
. A
vera
ge m
ole
frac
tion
com
posi
tion
and
rela
tive
stan
dard
dev
iatio
n of
cas
ing
and
solu
tion
gas
mix
ven
ted
and
solu
tion
gas
vent
ed t
o at
mos
pher
e an
d m
ixed
gas
ven
ted
to a
fla
re o
r in
cine
rato
r at
pro
duct
ion
pads
in t
he B
ayte
x R
eno
Fiel
d.
Subt
ance
1C
asin
g an
d So
lutio
nG
as M
ix V
ente
dSo
lutio
n G
as V
ente
dM
ixed
Gas
to F
lare
or
Inci
nera
tor
Num
ber
of sa
mpl
es in
ave
rage
93
2N
ame
Com
poun
dA
vera
geR
SD2
Ave
rage
RSD
Ave
rage
RSD
Air
in sa
mpl
e15
.3%
111%
83.9
%17
%0.
5%10
0%N
itrog
enN
20.
0207
2916
7.13
%0.
1075
4417
3.2%
0.00
4391
9.62
%H
ydro
gen
Sulp
hide
H2S
0.00
0000
284.
42%
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0000
141.
42%
Car
bon
Dio
xide
CO
20.
0358
9928
.49%
0.11
3369
48.5
%0.
0699
8337
.37%
Met
hane
CH
40.
9364
224.
25%
0.73
7585
31.7
%0.
9091
753.
03%
Etha
neC
2H6
0.00
2380
31.3
3%0.
0032
2028
.5%
0.00
5264
21.4
7%Pr
opan
eC
3H8
0.00
0571
137.
18%
0.00
1007
36.1
%0.
0006
2854
.40%
But
ane
C4H
100.
0001
5452
.33%
0.00
1173
55.8
%0.
0005
6528
.13%
Isob
utan
eC
4H10
0.00
0228
57.7
6%0.
0010
3245
.9%
0.00
0628
12.0
1%Pe
ntan
eC
5H12
0.00
0159
67.2
6%0.
0011
8075
.9%
0.00
0664
17.8
0%Is
open
tane
C5H
120.
0004
5068
.13%
0.00
3704
93.4
%0.
0016
383.
27%
Hex
ane
C6H
140.
0002
2898
.25%
0.00
0800
68.3
%0.
0004
4772
.34%
Ben
zene
C6H
60.
0000
0015
3.01
%0.
0000
1117
3.2%
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
Hep
tane
C7H
160.
0000
6113
9.52
%0.
0001
6466
.1%
0.00
0034
62.4
4%1,
2,3-
Trim
ethy
lben
zene
C9H
120.
0000
0411
6.18
%0.
0000
2713
3.9%
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
1,2,
4-Tr
imet
hylb
enze
neC
9H12
0.00
0008
111.
10%
0.00
0027
102.
3%0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!1,
3,5-
Trim
ethy
lben
zene
C9H
120.
0000
0410
9.01
%0.
0000
1510
2.7%
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
1,3-
But
adie
neC
4H6
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
1-B
uten
eC
4H8
0.00
0000
187.
85%
0.00
0000
173.
2%0.
0000
014.
33%
1-H
exen
eC
6H12
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
1-H
exen
e, 3
,4,5
-trim
ethy
l-C
9H18
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0012
52.6
3%1-
Pent
ene
C5H
100.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!2,
2,4-
Trim
ethy
lpen
tane
C8H
180.
0000
0030
0.00
%0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!2,
2-D
imet
hylb
utan
eC
6H14
0.00
0038
49.9
6%0.
0005
8676
.7%
0.00
0134
59.2
4%
19
Tab
le 7
. A
vera
ge m
ole
frac
tion
com
posi
tion
and
rela
tive
stan
dard
dev
iatio
n of
cas
ing
and
solu
tion
gas
mix
ven
ted
and
solu
tion
gas
vent
ed t
o at
mos
pher
e an
d m
ixed
gas
ven
ted
to a
fla
re o
r in
cine
rato
r at
pro
duct
ion
pads
in t
he B
ayte
x R
eno
Fiel
d.
Subt
ance
1C
asin
g an
d So
lutio
nG
as M
ix V
ente
dSo
lutio
n G
as V
ente
dM
ixed
Gas
to F
lare
or
Inci
nera
tor
Num
ber
of sa
mpl
es in
ave
rage
93
2N
ame
Com
poun
dA
vera
geR
SD2
Ave
rage
RSD
Ave
rage
RSD
2,3,
4-Tr
imet
hylp
enta
neC
8H18
0.00
0012
67.9
0%0.
0001
8678
.0%
0.00
0010
31.2
2%2,
3-D
imet
hylb
utan
eC
6H14
0.00
0102
67.2
2%0.
0014
7776
.7%
0.00
0326
16.0
9%2,
3-D
imet
hylp
enta
neC
7H16
0.00
0092
82.3
2%0.
0012
2976
.2%
0.00
0172
7.36
%2,
4-D
imet
hylp
enta
neC
7H16
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
2,5-
dim
ethy
l Thi
ophe
neC
6H8S
0.00
0000
137.
30%
0.00
0003
95.8
%0.
0000
0047
.34%
2-et
hyl T
hiop
hene
C6H
8S0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!2H
-Pyr
an, t
etra
hydr
o-C
5H10
O0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
0614
1.42
%2-
met
hyl T
hiop
hene
C5H
6S0.
0000
0011
1.79
%0.
0000
0341
.0%
0.00
0000
35.3
4%2-
Met
hylh
epta
neC
8H18
0.00
0035
105.
42%
0.00
0175
57.8
%0.
0000
1220
.70%
2-M
ethy
lhex
ane
C7H
160.
0001
2897
.28%
0.00
0512
60.8
%0.
0001
8760
.84%
2-M
ethy
lpen
tane
C6H
140.
0003
8388
.43%
0.00
1945
77.6
%0.
0009
8942
.61%
2-pr
opyl
thio
phen
eC
7H10
S0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!3-
buty
l thi
ophe
ne(b
lank
)0.
0000
0011
4.17
%0.
0000
0399
.6%
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
3-m
ethy
l Thi
ophe
neC
5H6S
0.00
0001
92.6
4%0.
0000
1265
.8%
0.00
0001
59.0
8%3-
Met
hylh
epta
neC
8H18
0.00
0056
104.
08%
0.00
0252
44.3
%0.
0000
1615
.81%
3-M
ethy
lhex
ane
C7H
160.
0001
9192
.90%
0.00
1071
68.3
%0.
0003
0953
.69%
3-M
ethy
lpen
tane
C6H
140.
0002
8885
.26%
0.00
1830
78.9
%0.
0007
5935
.32%
Ace
tyle
neC
2H2
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
Ally
l sul
phid
eC
6H10
S0.
0000
0010
9.09
%0.
0000
0464
.2%
0.00
0000
6.86
%B
utan
e, 2
,2,3
-trim
ethy
l-C
7H16
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0002
141.
42%
But
yl m
erca
ptan
C4H
10S
0.00
0000
300.
00%
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
But
yl su
lphi
deC
8H18
S0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!C
arbo
n di
sulp
hide
CS2
0.00
0000
300.
00%
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
Car
bon
mon
oxid
eC
O0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!C
arbo
nyl s
ulph
ide
CO
S0.
0000
0030
0.00
%0.
0000
0011
1.0%
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
20
Tab
le 7
. A
vera
ge m
ole
frac
tion
com
posi
tion
and
rela
tive
stan
dard
dev
iatio
n of
cas
ing
and
solu
tion
gas
mix
ven
ted
and
solu
tion
gas
vent
ed t
o at
mos
pher
e an
d m
ixed
gas
ven
ted
to a
fla
re o
r in
cine
rato
r at
pro
duct
ion
pads
in t
he B
ayte
x R
eno
Fiel
d.
Subt
ance
1C
asin
g an
d So
lutio
nG
as M
ix V
ente
dSo
lutio
n G
as V
ente
dM
ixed
Gas
to F
lare
or
Inci
nera
tor
Num
ber
of sa
mpl
es in
ave
rage
93
2N
ame
Com
poun
dA
vera
geR
SD2
Ave
rage
RSD
Ave
rage
RSD
Chl
orob
enze
ne-d
5C
6D5C
l0.
0000
0024
.19%
0.00
0000
110.
8%0.
0000
002.
41%
cis-
2-B
uten
eC
4H8
0.00
0000
158.
71%
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
cis-
2-Pe
nten
eC
5H10
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
Cyc
lohe
xane
C6H
120.
0002
7880
.30%
0.00
6443
83.5
%0.
0010
4133
.00%
Cyc
lohe
xane
, 1,1
,3-tr
imet
hyl-
C9H
180.
0000
1130
0.00
%0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
1927
.17%
Cyc
lohe
xane
, 1,1
-dim
ethy
l-C
8H16
0.00
0002
300.
00%
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0019
64.3
5%C
yclo
hexa
ne, 1
,2-d
imet
hyl-,
tran
s-C
8H16
0.00
0014
204.
52%
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0019
141.
42%
Cyc
lohe
xane
, 1,3
-dim
ethy
l-, c
is-
C8H
160.
0000
2120
0.24
%0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
4715
.43%
Cyc
lohe
xane
, 1,3
-dim
ethy
l-, tr
ans-
C8H
160.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
0914
1.42
%C
yclo
hexa
ne, 1
,4-d
imet
hyl-
C8H
160.
0000
0230
0.00
%0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
0314
1.42
%C
yclo
hexa
ne, 1
,4-d
imet
hyl-,
cis
-C
8H16
0.00
0003
300.
00%
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0004
141.
42%
Cyc
lohe
xane
, eth
yl-
C8H
160.
0000
1919
9.25
%0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
0814
1.42
%C
yclo
pent
ane
C5H
100.
0000
5860
.87%
0.00
1393
80.7
%0.
0002
8325
.66%
Cyc
lope
ntan
e, 1
,1,2
-trim
ethy
l-C
8H16
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0005
141.
42%
Cyc
lope
ntan
e, 1
,1-d
imet
hyl-
C7H
140.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
7455
.85%
Cyc
lope
ntan
e, 1
,2,3
-trim
ethy
l-, (1
.alp
haC
8H16
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0039
17.3
7%C
yclo
pent
ane,
1,2
-dim
ethy
l-, c
is-
C7H
140.
0000
1720
3.63
%0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0001
5422
.69%
Cyc
lope
ntan
e, 1
,2-d
imet
hyl-,
tran
s-C
7H14
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0127
141.
42%
Cyc
lope
ntan
e, 1
,3-d
imet
hyl-
C7H
140.
0000
1520
3.69
%0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
6214
1.42
%C
yclo
pent
ane,
1,3
-dim
ethy
l-, c
is-
C7H
140.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
5914
1.42
%C
yclo
pent
ane,
1,3
-dim
ethy
l-, tr
ans-
C7H
140.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
6514
1.42
%C
yclo
pent
ane,
1-e
thyl
-3-m
ethy
l-C
8H16
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0006
6.78
%C
yclo
pent
ane,
1-m
ethy
l-3-(
1-m
ethy
leth
yl)
C9H
180.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
0614
1.42
%C
yclo
pent
ane,
eth
yl-
C7H
140.
0000
1220
2.43
%0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
5914
.10%
21
Tab
le 7
. A
vera
ge m
ole
frac
tion
com
posi
tion
and
rela
tive
stan
dard
dev
iatio
n of
cas
ing
and
solu
tion
gas
mix
ven
ted
and
solu
tion
gas
vent
ed t
o at
mos
pher
e an
d m
ixed
gas
ven
ted
to a
fla
re o
r in
cine
rato
r at
pro
duct
ion
pads
in t
he B
ayte
x R
eno
Fiel
d.
Subt
ance
1C
asin
g an
d So
lutio
nG
as M
ix V
ente
dSo
lutio
n G
as V
ente
dM
ixed
Gas
to F
lare
or
Inci
nera
tor
Num
ber
of sa
mpl
es in
ave
rage
93
2N
ame
Com
poun
dA
vera
geR
SD2
Ave
rage
RSD
Ave
rage
RSD
Dec
ane
C10
H22
0.00
0001
236.
24%
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
Dim
ethy
l dis
ulph
ide
C2H
6S2
0.00
0000
155.
15%
0.00
0000
173.
2%0.
0000
0014
1.42
%D
imet
hyl s
ulph
ide
C2H
6S0.
0000
0021
8.29
%0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!D
imet
hyl t
risul
phid
eC
2H6S
30.
0000
0111
8.12
%0.
0000
1264
.2%
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
Dod
ecan
eC
12H
260.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!Et
hyl b
enze
neC
8H10
0.00
0013
118.
07%
0.00
0120
84.1
%0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!Et
hyl m
erca
ptan
C2H
6S0.
0000
0019
8.78
%0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
0014
1.42
%Et
hyl m
ethy
l sul
phid
eC
3H8S
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
Ethy
l sul
phid
eC
4H10
S0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!Et
hyla
cety
lene
C4H
60.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!Et
hyle
neC
2H4
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
Hep
tyl m
erca
ptan
C7H
16S
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
Hex
ane,
2,3
-dim
ethy
l-C
8H18
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0009
15.0
3%H
exan
e, 2
,4-d
imet
hyl-
C8H
180.
0000
0620
0.40
%0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
217.
23%
Hex
ane,
2,5
-dim
ethy
l-C
8H18
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0010
53.9
0%H
exyl
mer
capt
anC
6H14
S0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!Is
obut
yl m
erca
ptan
C4H
10S
0.00
0000
193.
84%
0.00
0000
146.
6%0.
0000
0014
1.42
%Is
obut
ylen
eC
4H8
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
Isop
rene
C5H
80.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!Is
opro
pylm
erca
ptan
C3H
8S0.
0000
0019
8.72
%0.
0000
0017
3.2%
0.00
0000
141.
42%
Isop
ropy
lben
zene
C9H
120.
0000
0312
2.15
%0.
0000
0917
3.2%
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
m,p
-Xyl
ene
C8H
100.
0000
2313
4.01
%0.
0000
7759
.2%
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
m-D
ieth
ylbe
nzen
eC
10H
140.
0000
0110
7.23
%0.
0000
1717
3.2%
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
Met
hyl m
erca
ptan
CH
4S0.
0000
0030
0.00
%0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!M
ethy
lcyc
lohe
xane
C7H
140.
0004
4996
.58%
0.00
6599
77.7
%0.
0007
5919
.66%
22
Tab
le 7
. A
vera
ge m
ole
frac
tion
com
posi
tion
and
rela
tive
stan
dard
dev
iatio
n of
cas
ing
and
solu
tion
gas
mix
ven
ted
and
solu
tion
gas
vent
ed t
o at
mos
pher
e an
d m
ixed
gas
ven
ted
to a
fla
re o
r in
cine
rato
r at
pro
duct
ion
pads
in t
he B
ayte
x R
eno
Fiel
d.
Subt
ance
1C
asin
g an
d So
lutio
nG
as M
ix V
ente
dSo
lutio
n G
as V
ente
dM
ixed
Gas
to F
lare
or
Inci
nera
tor
Num
ber
of sa
mpl
es in
ave
rage
93
2N
ame
Com
poun
dA
vera
geR
SD2
Ave
rage
RSD
Ave
rage
RSD
Met
hylc
yclo
pent
ane
C6H
120.
0002
0580
.70%
0.00
3238
75.6
%0.
0006
248.
44%
m-E
thyl
tolu
ene
C9H
120.
0000
0711
2.54
%0.
0000
1972
.5%
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
Non
ane
C9H
200.
0000
0218
2.60
%0.
0000
2317
3.2%
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
n-Pr
opyl
benz
ene
C9H
120.
0000
0410
3.01
%0.
0000
3210
2.6%
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
Oct
ane
C8H
180.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!O
ctyl
mer
capt
anC
8H18
S0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!o-
Ethy
ltolu
ene
C9H
120.
0000
0511
0.04
%0.
0000
2010
1.9%
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
o-X
ylen
eC
8H10
0.00
0009
122.
22%
0.00
0041
73.4
%0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!p-
Die
thyl
benz
ene
C10
H14
0.00
0001
190.
19%
0.00
0017
173.
2%0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!Pe
ntan
e, 2
,2,3
,4-te
tram
ethy
l-C
9H20
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0007
141.
42%
Pent
ane,
2,4
-dim
ethy
l-C
7H16
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0009
141.
42%
Pent
yl m
erca
ptan
C5H
12S
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
p-Et
hylto
luen
eC
9H12
0.00
0003
110.
34%
0.00
0011
83.3
%0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!Pr
opan
e, 2
,2-d
imet
hyl-
C5H
120.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
2580
.84%
Prop
yl m
erca
ptan
C3H
8S0.
0000
0030
0.00
%0.
0000
0017
3.2%
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
Prop
ylen
eC
3H6
0.00
0001
140.
03%
0.00
0002
132.
8%0.
0000
0113
.27%
Prop
yne
C3H
40.
0000
1330
0.00
%0.
0013
4186
.8%
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
sec-
But
yl m
erca
ptan
C4H
10S
0.00
0000
172.
49%
0.00
0000
146.
5%0.
0000
0014
1.42
%St
yren
eC
8H8
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
Sulp
hur d
ioxi
deS0
20.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!te
rt-B
utyl
mer
capt
anC
4H10
S0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
0017
3.2%
0.00
0000
141.
42%
tert-
Pent
yl m
erca
ptan
C5H
12S
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0000
173.
2%0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!Te
trahy
dro
thio
phen
eC
4H8S
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
Thio
phen
eC
4H4S
0.00
0001
94.7
8%0.
0000
1443
.0%
0.00
0002
35.4
7%To
luen
eC
7H8
0.00
0144
140.
99%
0.00
0179
106.
4%0.
0000
6932
.71%
23
Tab
le 7
. A
vera
ge m
ole
frac
tion
com
posi
tion
and
rela
tive
stan
dard
dev
iatio
n of
cas
ing
and
solu
tion
gas
mix
ven
ted
and
solu
tion
gas
vent
ed t
o at
mos
pher
e an
d m
ixed
gas
ven
ted
to a
fla
re o
r in
cine
rato
r at
pro
duct
ion
pads
in t
he B
ayte
x R
eno
Fiel
d.
Subt
ance
1C
asin
g an
d So
lutio
nG
as M
ix V
ente
dSo
lutio
n G
as V
ente
dM
ixed
Gas
to F
lare
or
Inci
nera
tor
Num
ber
of sa
mpl
es in
ave
rage
93
2N
ame
Com
poun
dA
vera
geR
SD2
Ave
rage
RSD
Ave
rage
RSD
trans
-2-B
uten
eC
4H8
0.00
0002
173.
69%
0.00
0158
165.
9%0.
0000
0111
.75%
trans
-2-P
ente
neC
5H10
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
Und
ecan
eC
11H
240.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!0.
0000
00#D
IV/0
!U
nkno
wn
Sulp
hur (
MW
=32)
(bla
nk)
0.00
0000
215.
09%
0.00
0000
134.
7%0.
0000
0014
1.42
%U
nkno
wn
Sulp
hurs
(MW
=32)
(bla
nk)
0.00
0029
170.
94%
0.00
0090
108.
5%0.
0000
0218
.69%
Unr
esol
ved
Hyd
roca
rbon
s (C
10+)
(bla
nk)
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
0.00
0000
#DIV
/0!
Tota
l0
1.00
0000
0.00
%1.
0000
000.
0%1.
0000
000.
00%
1 . Su
bsta
nce
list i
s com
mon
to a
ll ta
nk e
mis
sion
cat
egor
ies
2 . R
SD o
f #D
IV/0
! Ind
icat
es a
ll sa
mpl
es in
cat
egor
y di
d no
t con
tain
com
poun
d lis
ted.
24
4.4 SITE SPECIFIC EMISSION FACTORS Three fuel and flue gas sample pairs were used to characterize the lift pump engines, compressor engines and fired tank heaters performance and develop site specific emission factors. The results for these three combustion devices are summarized in the following sections.
4.4.1 LIFT PUMP ENGINES Engines drive the hydraulic fluid pumps that operate the oil lift pumps. Combustion performance and emission factor development is based on fuel and flue gas samples collected at Pad 2-1. The discharge locations for these engines include ground level with horizontal directionality, above metal building compressor enclosure and above open area engine units as indicated in Figure 14 and Figure 15.
Figure 14. Lift pump engine located in a sheet metal building with a roof top emission discharge point.
25
Figure 15. Lift pump engine located in in the open showing emission discharge point. The results for fixed gases, volatiles and reduced sulphur compounds are presented in Table 8. Fuel and flue gas analyses are based on laboratory analyses of samples collected at Pad 2-1. Emission factors are based on material balance calculations of all compounds. The lift pump engine was determined to be operating at an air-to-fuel ratio of 10.6 based on a measured O2 of 2.996% (dry basis lab result). The calculated combustion efficiency of the lift pump engine was 99% and residual THC in the flue gases totaled 971.5 ppmv.
Table 8. Material balance and emission factor results for lift pump engine at Pad 2-1 of Baytex Reno Field.
Fuel Gas (Lab)
Flue Gas (Lab) Emission Factor
Component CAS MW Formula % Vol ppmv ug/ (m3 fuel) kg /(GJ fuel) Oxygen 7782-44-7 32 O2 0.000000 29953.877 379400253 10.232408 Helium 7440-59-7 4 He 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000 Hydrogen 1333-74-0 2 H2 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000 Nitrogen 7727-37-9 28 N2 0.104188 853746.140 9461965826 255.188795 Hydrogen Sulphide 7783-06-4 34 H2S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000 Carbon Dioxide 124-38-9 44 CO2 1.838038 115328.491 2008555692 54.170657 Methane 74-82-8 16 CH4 97.897652 897.404 5683324 0.153279 Ethane 74-84-0 30 C2H6 0.094752 7.034 83521.8 0.002253 Propane 74-98-6 44 C3H8 0.010124 0.000 0.0 0.000000 Butane 106-97-8 58 C4H10 0.003155 0.000 0.0 0.000000 Isobutane 75-28-5 58 C4H10 0.005298 0.006 126.4 0.000003 Pentane 109-66-0 72 C5H12 0.002772 0.000 0.0 0.000000 Isopentane 78-78-4 72 C5H12 0.009318 0.024 677.4 0.000018
26
Table 8. Material balance and emission factor results for lift pump engine at Pad 2-1 of Baytex Reno Field.Fuel Gas
(Lab)Flue Gas
(Lab) Emission FactorComponent CAS MW Formula % Vol ppmv ug/ (m3 fuel) kg /(GJ fuel)Hexane 110-54-3 86 C6H14 0.003391 0.000 0.0 0.000000Benzene 71-43-2 78 C6H6 0.000000 0.070 2149.1 0.000058Heptane 142-82-5 100 C7H16 0.000666 0.003 124.3 0.0000031,2,3-Trimethylbenzene 526-73-8 120 C9H12 0.000021 0.004 180.3 0.0000051,2,4-Trimethylbenzene 95-63-6 120 C9H12 0.000036 0.003 157.3 0.0000041,3,5-Trimethylbenzene 108-67-8 120 C9H12 0.000019 0.000 0.0 0.0000001,3-Butadiene 106-99-0 54 C4H6 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.0000001-Butene 106-98-9 56 C4H8 0.000020 0.285 6306.2 0.0001701-Hexene 592-41-6 84 C6H12 0.000000 0.023 766.1 0.0000211-Hexene, 3,4,5-trimethyl- 56728-10-0 126 C9H18 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.0000001-Pentene 109-67-1 70 C5H10 0.000000 0.017 483.9 0.0000132,2,4-Trimethylpentane 540-84-1 114 C8H18 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.0000002,2-Dimethylbutane 75-83-2 86 C6H14 0.000526 0.000 0.0 0.0000002,3,4-Trimethylpentane 565-75-3 114 C8H18 0.000133 0.000 0.0 0.0000002,3-Dimethylbutane 79-29-8 86 C6H14 0.001504 0.000 0.0 0.0000002,3-Dimethylpentane 565-59-3 100 C7H16 0.001111 0.000 0.0 0.0000002,4-Dimethylpentane 108-08-7 100 C7H16 0.000577 0.000 0.0 0.0000002,5-dimethyl Thiophene 638-02-8 112 C6H8S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.0000002-ethyl Thiophene 872-55-9 112 C6H8S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.0000002H-Pyran, tetrahydro- 142-68-7 86 C5H10O 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.0000002-methyl Thiophene 554-14-3 98 C5H6S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.0000002-Methylheptane 592-27-8 114 C8H18 0.000564 0.004 169.1 0.0000052-Methylhexane 591-76-4 100 C7H16 0.002035 0.005 210.2 0.0000062-Methylpentane 107-83-5 86 C6H14 0.006055 0.012 412.8 0.0000112-propyl thiophene 1551-27-5 126 C7H10S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.0000003-butyl thiophene 34722-01-5 140 C8H12S 0.000002 0.000 0.0 0.0000003-methyl Thiophene 616-44-4 98 C5H6S 0.000001 0.000 0.0 0.0000003-Methylheptane 589-81-1 114 C8H18 0.000874 0.005 218.9 0.0000063-Methylhexane 589-34-4 100 C7H16 0.002949 0.008 322.6 0.0000093-Methylpentane 96-14-0 86 C6H14 0.004433 0.009 305.1 0.000008Acetylene 74-86-2 26 C2H2 0.000000 2.547 26208.6 0.000707Allyl sulphide 592-88-1 114 C6H10S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Butane, 2,2,3-trimethyl- 464-06-2 100 C7H16 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Butyl mercaptan 109-79-5 98 C4H10S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Butyl sulphide 544-40-1 146 C8H18S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Carbon disulphide 75-15-0 76 CS2 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Carbon monoxide 630-08-0 28 CO 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Carbonyl sulphide 463-58-1 60 COS 0.000000 0.008 192.4 0.000005Chlorobenzene-d5 3114-55-4 112 C6D5Cl 0.000000 0.000 0.1 0.000000cis-2-Butene 590-18-1 56 C4H8 0.000029 0.004 88.3 0.000002cis-2-Pentene 627-20-3 70 C5H10 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclohexane 110-82-7 84 C6H12 0.002133 0.007 228.2 0.000006Cyclohexane, 1,1,3-trimethyl- 3073-66-3 126 C9H18 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000
27
Table 8. Material balance and emission factor results for lift pump engine at Pad 2-1 of Baytex Reno Field.Fuel Gas
(Lab)Flue Gas
(Lab) Emission FactorComponent CAS MW Formula % Vol ppmv ug/ (m3 fuel) kg /(GJ fuel)Cyclohexane, 1,1-dimethyl- 590-66-9 112 C8H16 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclohexane, 1,2-dimethyl-,trans- 6876-23-9 112 C8H16 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclohexane, 1,3-dimethyl-,cis- 638-04-0 112 C8H16 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclohexane, 1,3-dimethyl-,trans- 2207-03-6 112 C8H16 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclohexane, 1,4-dimethyl- 589-90-2 112 C8H16 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclohexane, 1,4-dimethyl-,cis- 624-29-3 112 C8H16 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclohexane, ethyl- 1678-91-7 112 C8H16 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclopentane 287-92-3 70 C5H10 0.000404 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclopentane, 1,1,2-trimethyl- 4259-00-1 112 C8H16 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclopentane, 1,1-dimethyl- 1638-26-2 98 C7H14 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclopentane, 1,2,3-trimethyl-,(1.alpha 2613-69-6 112 C8H16 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclopentane, 1,2-dimethyl-,cis- 1192-18-3 98 C7H14 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclopentane, 1,2-dimethyl-,trans- 822-50-4 98 C7H14 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclopentane, 1,3-dimethyl- 2453-00-1 98 C7H14 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclopentane, 1,3-dimethyl-,cis- 2532-58-3 98 C7H14 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclopentane, 1,3-dimethyl-,trans- 1759-58-6 98 C7H14 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclopentane, 1-ethyl-3-methyl- 3726-47-4 112 C8H16 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclopentane, 1-methyl-3-(1-methylethyl) 53771-88-3 126 C9H18 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclopentane, ethyl- 1640-89-7 98 C7H14 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Decane 124-18-5 142 C10H22 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Dimethyl disulphide 624-92-0 94 C2H6S2 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Dimethyl sulphide 75-18-3 62 C2H6S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Dimethyl trisulphide 3658-80-8 126 C2H6S3 0.000010 0.000 0.0 0.000000Dodecane 112-40-3 170 C12H26 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Ethyl benzene 100-41-4 106 C8H10 0.000071 0.005 203.5 0.000005Ethyl mercaptan 75-08-1 62 C2H6S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Ethyl methyl sulphide 624-89-5 76 C3H8S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Ethyl sulphide 352-93-2 90 C4H10S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Ethylacetylene 107-00-6 54 C4H6 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Ethylene 74-85-1 28 C2H4 0.000000 12.976 143811.1 0.003879Heptyl mercaptan 1639-09-4 132 C7H16S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Hexane, 2,3-dimethyl- 584-94-1 114 C8H18 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Hexane, 2,4-dimethyl- 589-43-5 114 C8H18 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Hexane, 2,5-dimethyl- 592-13-2 114 C8H18 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Hexyl mercaptan 111-31-9 118 C6H14S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000
28
Table 8. Material balance and emission factor results for lift pump engine at Pad 2-1 of Baytex Reno Field.Fuel Gas
(Lab)Flue Gas
(Lab) Emission FactorComponent CAS MW Formula % Vol ppmv ug/ (m3 fuel) kg /(GJ fuel)Isobutyl mercaptan 513-44-0 90 C4H10S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Isobutylene 115-11-7 56 C4H8 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Isoprene 78-79-5 68 C5H8 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Isopropyl mercaptan 75-33-2 76 C3H8S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Isopropylbenzene 98-82-8 120 C9H12 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000
m,p-Xylene108-38-3 / 106-42-3 106 C8H10 0.000101 0.006 260.5 0.000007
m-Diethylbenzene 141-93-5 134 C10H14 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Methyl mercaptan 74-93-1 48 CH4S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Methylcyclohexane 108-87-2 98 C7H14 0.004177 0.025 959.6 0.000026Methylcyclopentane 96-37-7 84 C6H12 0.002044 0.005 168.1 0.000005m-Ethyltoluene 620-14-4 120 C9H12 0.000031 0.006 277.6 0.000007Nonane 111-84-2 128 C9H20 0.000021 0.000 0.0 0.000000n-Propylbenzene 103-65-1 120 C9H12 0.000023 0.002 71.4 0.000002Octane 111-65-9 114 C8H18 0.000475 0.000 0.0 0.000000Octyl mercaptan 111-88-6 146 C8H18S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000o-Ethyltoluene 611-14-3 120 C9H12 0.000025 0.002 73.2 0.000002o-Xylene 95-47-6 106 C8H10 0.000046 0.003 122.6 0.000003p-Diethylbenzene 105-05-5 134 C10H14 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Pentane, 2,2,3,4-tetramethyl- 1186-53-4 128 C9H20 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Pentane, 2,4-dimethyl- 108-08-7 100 C7H16 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Pentyl mercaptan 110-66-7 104 C5H12S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000p-Ethyltoluene 622-96-8 120 C9H12 0.000017 0.000 0.0 0.000000Propane, 2,2-dimethyl- 463-82-1 72 C5H12 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Propyl mercaptan 107-03-9 76 C3H8S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Propylene 115-07-1 42 C3H6 0.000000 2.425 40320.9 0.001087Propyne 74-99-7 40 C3H4 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000sec-Butyl mercaptan 513-53-1 90 C4H10S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Styrene 100-42-5 104 C8H8 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Sulphur dioxide 7446-09-5 64 S02 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000tert-Butyl mercaptan 75-66-1 90 C4H10S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000tert-Pentyl mercaptan 1679-09-0 104 C5H12S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Tetrahydro thiophene 110-01-0 88 C4H8S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Thiophene 110-02-1 84 C4H4S 0.000007 0.000 0.0 0.000000Toluene 108-88-3 92 C7H8 0.000075 0.039 1413.2 0.000038trans-2-Butene 624-64-6 56 C4H8 0.000049 0.010 213.7 0.000006trans-2-Pentene 646-04-8 70 C5H10 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Undecane 1120-21-4 156 C11H24 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Unknown Sulphur (MW=32) 32 0.000001 0.000 0.0 0.000000Unknown Sulphurs (MW=32) 32 0.000047 0.000 0.0 0.000000Unresolved Hydrocarbons (C10+) 142 0.000000 48.508 2726459.3 0.073532
29
4.4.2 COMPRESSOR ENGINES Engines drive the compressors used to compress excess casing gas and deliver it into the gas gathering system. Combustion performance and emission factor development is based on fuel and flue gas samples collected at Pad 13-14. The discharge location for these engines is approximately 4 m above grade with a vertically up directionality as shown in Figure 16.
Figure 16. Typical casing gas compressor engine discharge located above sheet metal
building with flue gas sampling equipment shown. The results for fixed gases, volatiles and reduced sulphur compounds are presented in Table 9. Fuel and flue gas analyses are based on laboratory analyses of samples collected at Pad 13-14. Emission factors are based on material balance calculations of all compounds. The compressor engine was determined to be operating at an air-to-fuel ratio of 11.4 based on a measured O2 of 5.76% (dry basis lab result). The calculated combustion efficiency of the compressor engine was 98.4% and residual THC in the flue gases totaled 1,390.5 ppmv. The compressor at the gas plant located at 10-22-79-20W5 was assigned the same emission factors.
30
Table 9. Material balance and emission factor results for compressor engine at Pad 13-14 of Baytex Reno Field.
Fuel Gas (Lab)
Flue Gas (Lab) Emission Factor
Component CAS MW Formula % Vol ppmv ug/ (m3 fuel) kg /(GJ fuel)Oxygen 7782-44-7 32 O2 0.000000 57587.301 802049683 23.287054Helium 7440-59-7 4 He 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Hydrogen 1333-74-0 2 H2 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Nitrogen 7727-37-9 28 N2 1.529791 845472.764 10303439453 299.154472Hydrogen Sulphide 7783-06-4 34 H2S 0.000337 0.000 0.0 0.000000Carbon Dioxide 124-38-9 44 CO2 7.925304 95549.325 1829805258 53.127349Methane 74-82-8 16 CH4 90.109619 1318.264 9180087 0.266539Ethane 74-84-0 30 C2H6 0.242793 7.632 99652.3 0.002893Propane 74-98-6 44 C3H8 0.018357 0.396 7592.6 0.000220Butane 106-97-8 58 C4H10 0.015101 0.496 12523.0 0.000364Isobutane 75-28-5 58 C4H10 0.018111 0.459 11597.2 0.000337Pentane 109-66-0 72 C5H12 0.007758 0.198 6212.1 0.000180Isopentane 78-78-4 72 C5H12 0.028721 0.825 25842.3 0.000750Hexane 110-54-3 86 C6H14 0.001609 0.049 1843.9 0.000054Benzene 71-43-2 78 C6H6 0.000095 0.149 5047.3 0.000147Heptane 142-82-5 100 C7H16 0.001451 0.000 0.0 0.0000001,2,3-Trimethylbenzene 526-73-8 120 C9H12 0.000000 0.020 1030.2 0.0000301,2,4-Trimethylbenzene 95-63-6 120 C9H12 0.000000 0.012 641.9 0.0000191,3,5-Trimethylbenzene 108-67-8 120 C9H12 0.000000 0.004 209.7 0.0000061,3-Butadiene 106-99-0 54 C4H6 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.0000001-Butene 106-98-9 56 C4H8 0.000000 0.308 7501.1 0.0002181-Hexene 592-41-6 84 C6H12 0.000000 0.030 1108.9 0.0000321-Hexene, 3,4,5-trimethyl- 56728-10-0 126 C9H18 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.0000001-Pentene 109-67-1 70 C5H10 0.000000 0.051 1543.1 0.0000452,2,4-Trimethylpentane 540-84-1 114 C8H18 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.0000002,2-Dimethylbutane 75-83-2 86 C6H14 0.001846 0.060 2263.1 0.0000662,3,4-Trimethylpentane 565-75-3 114 C8H18 0.000966 0.000 0.0 0.0000002,3-Dimethylbutane 79-29-8 86 C6H14 0.005833 0.158 5898.9 0.0001712,3-Dimethylpentane 565-59-3 100 C7H16 0.004096 0.000 0.0 0.0000002,4-Dimethylpentane 108-08-7 100 C7H16 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.0000002,5-dimethyl Thiophene 638-02-8 112 C6H8S 0.000003 0.000 0.0 0.0000002-ethyl Thiophene 872-55-9 112 C6H8S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.0000002H-Pyran, tetrahydro- 142-68-7 86 C5H10O 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.0000002-methyl Thiophene 554-14-3 98 C5H6S 0.000005 0.000 0.0 0.0000002-Methylheptane 592-27-8 114 C8H18 0.002990 0.000 0.0 0.0000002-Methylhexane 591-76-4 100 C7H16 0.002309 0.000 0.0 0.0000002-Methylpentane 107-83-5 86 C6H14 0.003642 0.119 4452.0 0.0001292-propyl thiophene 1551-27-5 126 C7H10S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.0000003-butyl thiophene 34722-01-5 140 C8H12S 0.000005 0.000 0.0 0.0000003-methyl Thiophene 616-44-4 98 C5H6S 0.000018 0.000 0.0 0.0000003-Methylheptane 589-81-1 114 C8H18 0.004945 0.000 0.0 0.0000003-Methylhexane 589-34-4 100 C7H16 0.004757 0.000 0.0 0.0000003-Methylpentane 96-14-0 86 C6H14 0.004116 0.130 4860.1 0.000141
31
Table 9. Material balance and emission factor results for compressor engine at Pad 13-14 of Baytex Reno Field.
Fuel Gas (Lab)
Flue Gas (Lab) Emission Factor
Component CAS MW Formula % Vol ppmv ug/ (m3 fuel) kg /(GJ fuel)Acetylene 74-86-2 26 C2H2 0.000000 1.487 16824.4 0.000488Allyl sulphide 592-88-1 114 C6H10S 0.000012 0.000 0.0 0.000000Butane, 2,2,3-trimethyl- 464-06-2 100 C7H16 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Butyl mercaptan 109-79-5 98 C4H10S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Butyl sulphide 544-40-1 146 C8H18S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Carbon disulphide 75-15-0 76 CS2 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Carbon monoxide 630-08-0 28 CO 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Carbonyl sulphide 463-58-1 60 COS 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Chlorobenzene-d5 3114-55-4 112 C6D5Cl 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000cis-2-Butene 590-18-1 56 C4H8 0.000000 0.042 1026.7 0.000030cis-2-Pentene 627-20-3 70 C5H10 0.000000 0.013 395.6 0.000011Cyclohexane 110-82-7 84 C6H12 0.014607 0.276 10073.9 0.000292Cyclohexane, 1,1,3-trimethyl- 3073-66-3 126 C9H18 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclohexane, 1,1-dimethyl- 590-66-9 112 C8H16 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclohexane, 1,2-dimethyl-,trans- 6876-23-9 112 C8H16 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclohexane, 1,3-dimethyl-,cis- 638-04-0 112 C8H16 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclohexane, 1,3-dimethyl-,trans- 2207-03-6 112 C8H16 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclohexane, 1,4-dimethyl- 589-90-2 112 C8H16 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclohexane, 1,4-dimethyl-,cis- 624-29-3 112 C8H16 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclohexane, ethyl- 1678-91-7 112 C8H16 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclopentane 287-92-3 70 C5H10 0.004382 0.112 3412.3 0.000099Cyclopentane, 1,1,2-trimethyl- 4259-00-1 112 C8H16 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclopentane, 1,1-dimethyl- 1638-26-2 98 C7H14 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclopentane, 1,2,3-trimethyl-,(1.alpha 2613-69-6 112 C8H16 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclopentane, 1,2-dimethyl-,cis- 1192-18-3 98 C7H14 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclopentane, 1,2-dimethyl-,trans- 822-50-4 98 C7H14 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclopentane, 1,3-dimethyl- 2453-00-1 98 C7H14 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclopentane, 1,3-dimethyl-,cis- 2532-58-3 98 C7H14 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclopentane, 1,3-dimethyl-,trans- 1759-58-6 98 C7H14 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclopentane, 1-ethyl-3-methyl- 3726-47-4 112 C8H16 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclopentane, 1-methyl-3-(1-methylethyl) 53771-88-3 126 C9H18 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclopentane, ethyl- 1640-89-7 98 C7H14 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Decane 124-18-5 142 C10H22 0.000000 0.016 967.9 0.000028Dimethyl disulphide 624-92-0 94 C2H6S2 0.000000 0.003 127.3 0.000004Dimethyl sulphide 75-18-3 62 C2H6S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000
32
Table 9. Material balance and emission factor results for compressor engine at Pad 13-14 of Baytex Reno Field.
Fuel Gas (Lab)
Flue Gas (Lab) Emission Factor
Component CAS MW Formula % Vol ppmv ug/ (m3 fuel) kg /(GJ fuel)Dimethyl trisulphide 3658-80-8 126 C2H6S3 0.000049 0.004 237.0 0.000007Dodecane 112-40-3 170 C12H26 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Ethyl benzene 100-41-4 106 C8H10 0.001234 0.004 166.9 0.000005Ethyl mercaptan 75-08-1 62 C2H6S 0.000004 0.000 0.0 0.000000Ethyl methyl sulphide 624-89-5 76 C3H8S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Ethyl sulphide 352-93-2 90 C4H10S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Ethylacetylene 107-00-6 54 C4H6 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Ethylene 74-85-1 28 C2H4 0.000000 12.092 147364.6 0.004279Heptyl mercaptan 1639-09-4 132 C7H16S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Hexane, 2,3-dimethyl- 584-94-1 114 C8H18 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Hexane, 2,4-dimethyl- 589-43-5 114 C8H18 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Hexane, 2,5-dimethyl- 592-13-2 114 C8H18 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Hexyl mercaptan 111-31-9 118 C6H14S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Isobutyl mercaptan 513-44-0 90 C4H10S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Isobutylene 115-11-7 56 C4H8 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Isoprene 78-79-5 68 C5H8 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Isopropyl mercaptan 75-33-2 76 C3H8S 0.000007 0.000 0.0 0.000000Isopropylbenzene 98-82-8 120 C9H12 0.000192 0.002 122.7 0.000004
m,p-Xylene108-38-3 / 106-42-3 106 C8H10 0.001471 0.005 251.5 0.000007
m-Diethylbenzene 141-93-5 134 C10H14 0.000000 0.024 1375.8 0.000040Methyl mercaptan 74-93-1 48 CH4S 0.000001 0.000 0.0 0.000000Methylcyclohexane 108-87-2 98 C7H14 0.028721 0.201 8582.2 0.000249Methylcyclopentane 96-37-7 84 C6H12 0.010659 0.240 8769.4 0.000255m-Ethyltoluene 620-14-4 120 C9H12 0.000098 0.005 237.1 0.000007Nonane 111-84-2 128 C9H20 0.000105 0.000 0.0 0.000000n-Propylbenzene 103-65-1 120 C9H12 0.000121 0.002 129.9 0.000004Octane 111-65-9 114 C8H18 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Octyl mercaptan 111-88-6 146 C8H18S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000o-Ethyltoluene 611-14-3 120 C9H12 0.000000 0.004 198.3 0.000006o-Xylene 95-47-6 106 C8H10 0.000518 0.003 135.4 0.000004p-Diethylbenzene 105-05-5 134 C10H14 0.000000 0.045 2612.9 0.000076Pentane, 2,2,3,4-tetramethyl- 1186-53-4 128 C9H20 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Pentane, 2,4-dimethyl- 108-08-7 100 C7H16 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Pentyl mercaptan 110-66-7 104 C5H12S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000p-Ethyltoluene 622-96-8 120 C9H12 0.000000 0.002 116.0 0.000003Propane, 2,2-dimethyl- 463-82-1 72 C5H12 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Propyl mercaptan 107-03-9 76 C3H8S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Propylene 115-07-1 42 C3H6 0.000000 0.793 14494.9 0.000421Propyne 74-99-7 40 C3H4 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000sec-Butyl mercaptan 513-53-1 90 C4H10S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Styrene 100-42-5 104 C8H8 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Sulphur dioxide 7446-09-5 64 S02 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000tert-Butyl mercaptan 75-66-1 90 C4H10S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000
33
Table 9. Material balance and emission factor results for compressor engine at Pad 13-14 of Baytex Reno Field.
Fuel Gas (Lab)
Flue Gas (Lab) Emission Factor
Component CAS MW Formula % Vol ppmv ug/ (m3 fuel) kg /(GJ fuel)tert-Pentyl mercaptan 1679-09-0 104 C5H12S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Tetrahydro thiophene 110-01-0 88 C4H8S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Thiophene 110-02-1 84 C4H4S 0.000017 0.000 0.0 0.000000Toluene 108-88-3 92 C7H8 0.003089 0.033 1329.6 0.000039trans-2-Butene 624-64-6 56 C4H8 0.000000 0.108 2633.2 0.000076trans-2-Pentene 646-04-8 70 C5H10 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Undecane 1120-21-4 156 C11H24 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Unknown Sulphur (MW=32) 32 0.000000 0.029 401.7 0.000012Unknown Sulphurs (MW=32) 32 0.000139 0.111 1546.1 0.000045Unresolved Hydrocarbons (C10+) 142 0.000000 45.594 2817872.5 0.081815
4.4.3 FIRED TANK HEATERSCombustion performance and emission factor development for the gas fired tank heaters is based on fuel and flue gas samples collected at Pad 5-32. The flue gas stack discharge point was about 1 meter above the 9.75 meter high production tanks as shown in Figure 17.
Figure 17. Typical production tanks showing fired heater stack.
34
The results for fixed gases, volatiles and reduced sulphur compounds are presented in Table 10.Fuel and flue gas analyses are based on laboratory analyses of samples collected at Pad 5-32.Emission factors are based on material balance calculations of all compounds. The tank heater was determined to be operating at an air-to-fuel ratio of 13.4 based on a measured O2 of 6.83% (dry basis Lab result). The calculated combustion efficiency of the tank heater was 99.99% and residual THC in the flue gases totaled 11.0 ppmv.
Table 10. Material balance and emission factor results for tank heater at Pad 5-32 of Baytex Reno Field.Fuel Gas
(Lab)Flue Gas
(Lab) Emission FactorComponent CAS MW Formula % Vol ppmv ug/ (m3 fuel) kg /(GJ fuel)Oxygen 7782-44-7 32 O2 0.000000 68250.255 1108394061 29.990600Helium 7440-59-7 4 He 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Hydrogen 1333-74-0 2 H2 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Nitrogen 7727-37-9 28 N2 0.381443 837893.759 11906576827 322.164650Hydrogen Sulphide 7783-06-4 34 H2S 0.000015 0.000 0.0 0.000000Carbon Dioxide 124-38-9 44 CO2 2.513453 93844.101 2095557522 56.700978Methane 74-82-8 16 CH4 96.736240 5.078 41234.9 0.001116Ethane 74-84-0 30 C2H6 0.125673 0.000 0.0 0.000000Propane 74-98-6 44 C3H8 0.015207 0.000 0.0 0.000000Butane 106-97-8 58 C4H10 0.007620 0.000 0.0 0.000000Isobutane 75-28-5 58 C4H10 0.015683 0.000 0.0 0.000000Pentane 109-66-0 72 C5H12 0.012673 0.000 0.0 0.000000Isopentane 78-78-4 72 C5H12 0.044038 0.000 0.0 0.000000Hexane 110-54-3 86 C6H14 0.016580 0.000 0.0 0.000000Benzene 71-43-2 78 C6H6 0.000000 0.010 400.4 0.000011Heptane 142-82-5 100 C7H16 0.002123 0.000 0.0 0.0000001,2,3-Trimethylbenzene 526-73-8 120 C9H12 0.000116 0.604 36802.1 0.0009961,2,4-Trimethylbenzene 95-63-6 120 C9H12 0.000196 1.016 61852.3 0.0016741,3,5-Trimethylbenzene 108-67-8 120 C9H12 0.000089 0.446 27153.2 0.0007351,3-Butadiene 106-99-0 54 C4H6 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.0000001-Butene 106-98-9 56 C4H8 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.0000001-Hexene 592-41-6 84 C6H12 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.0000001-Hexene, 3,4,5-trimethyl- 56728-10-0 126 C9H18 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.0000001-Pentene 109-67-1 70 C5H10 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.0000002,2,4-Trimethylpentane 540-84-1 114 C8H18 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.0000002,2-Dimethylbutane 75-83-2 86 C6H14 0.001827 0.000 0.0 0.0000002,3,4-Trimethylpentane 565-75-3 114 C8H18 0.000390 0.014 787.4 0.0000212,3-Dimethylbutane 79-29-8 86 C6H14 0.006231 0.000 0.0 0.0000002,3-Dimethylpentane 565-59-3 100 C7H16 0.004436 0.000 0.0 0.0000002,4-Dimethylpentane 108-08-7 100 C7H16 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.0000002,5-dimethyl Thiophene 638-02-8 112 C6H8S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.0000002-ethyl Thiophene 872-55-9 112 C6H8S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.0000002H-Pyran, tetrahydro- 142-68-7 86 C5H10O 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.0000002-methyl Thiophene 554-14-3 98 C5H6S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.0000002-Methylheptane 592-27-8 114 C8H18 0.001584 0.069 4001.5 0.0001082-Methylhexane 591-76-4 100 C7H16 0.009082 0.000 0.0 0.0000002-Methylpentane 107-83-5 86 C6H14 0.029359 0.000 0.0 0.000000
35
Table 10. Material balance and emission factor results for tank heater at Pad 5-32 of Baytex Reno Field.Fuel Gas
(Lab)Flue Gas
(Lab) Emission FactorComponent CAS MW Formula % Vol ppmv ug/ (m3 fuel) kg /(GJ fuel)2-propyl thiophene 1551-27-5 126 C7H10S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.0000003-butyl thiophene 34722-01-5 140 C8H12S 0.000008 0.030 0.0 0.0000003-methyl Thiophene 616-44-4 98 C5H6S 0.000003 0.000 0.0 0.0000003-Methylheptane 589-81-1 114 C8H18 0.003168 0.163 9401.6 0.0002543-Methylhexane 589-34-4 100 C7H16 0.012990 0.011 577.3 0.0000163-Methylpentane 96-14-0 86 C6H14 0.019643 0.000 0.0 0.000000Acetylene 74-86-2 26 C2H2 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Allyl sulphide 592-88-1 114 C6H10S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Butane, 2,2,3-trimethyl- 464-06-2 100 C7H16 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Butyl mercaptan 109-79-5 98 C4H10S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Butyl sulphide 544-40-1 146 C8H18S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Carbon disulphide 75-15-0 76 CS2 0.000000 0.002 76.0 0.000002Carbon monoxide 630-08-0 28 CO 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Carbonyl sulphide 463-58-1 60 COS 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Chlorobenzene-d5 3114-55-4 112 C6D5Cl 0.000000 0.000 0.1 0.000000cis-2-Butene 590-18-1 56 C4H8 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000cis-2-Pentene 627-20-3 70 C5H10 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclohexane 110-82-7 84 C6H12 0.009642 0.018 766.4 0.000021Cyclohexane, 1,1,3-trimethyl- 3073-66-3 126 C9H18 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclohexane, 1,1-dimethyl- 590-66-9 112 C8H16 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclohexane, 1,2-dimethyl-,trans- 6876-23-9 112 C8H16 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclohexane, 1,3-dimethyl-,cis- 638-04-0 112 C8H16 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclohexane, 1,3-dimethyl-,trans- 2207-03-6 112 C8H16 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclohexane, 1,4-dimethyl- 589-90-2 112 C8H16 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclohexane, 1,4-dimethyl-,cis- 624-29-3 112 C8H16 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclohexane, ethyl- 1678-91-7 112 C8H16 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclopentane 287-92-3 70 C5H10 0.001869 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclopentane, 1,1,2-trimethyl- 4259-00-1 112 C8H16 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclopentane, 1,1-dimethyl- 1638-26-2 98 C7H14 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclopentane, 1,2,3-trimethyl-, (1.alpha 2613-69-6 112 C8H16 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclopentane, 1,2-dimethyl-,cis- 1192-18-3 98 C7H14 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclopentane, 1,2-dimethyl-,trans- 822-50-4 98 C7H14 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclopentane, 1,3-dimethyl- 2453-00-1 98 C7H14 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclopentane, 1,3-dimethyl-,cis- 2532-58-3 98 C7H14 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclopentane, 1,3-dimethyl-,trans- 1759-58-6 98 C7H14 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclopentane, 1-ethyl-3-methyl- 3726-47-4 112 C8H16 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Cyclopentane, 1-methyl-3-(1- 53771-88-3 126 C9H18 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000
36
Table 10. Material balance and emission factor results for tank heater at Pad 5-32 of Baytex Reno Field.Fuel Gas
(Lab)Flue Gas
(Lab) Emission FactorComponent CAS MW Formula % Vol ppmv ug/ (m3 fuel) kg /(GJ fuel)methylethyl)Cyclopentane, ethyl- 1640-89-7 98 C7H14 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Decane 124-18-5 142 C10H22 0.000000 0.152 10978.8 0.000297Dimethyl disulphide 624-92-0 94 C2H6S2 0.000000 0.014 678.3 0.000018Dimethyl sulphide 75-18-3 62 C2H6S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Dimethyl trisulphide 3658-80-8 126 C2H6S3 0.000046 0.091 5832.1 0.000158Dodecane 112-40-3 170 C12H26 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Ethyl benzene 100-41-4 106 C8H10 0.000264 0.100 5403.5 0.000146Ethyl mercaptan 75-08-1 62 C2H6S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Ethyl methyl sulphide 624-89-5 76 C3H8S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Ethyl sulphide 352-93-2 90 C4H10S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Ethylacetylene 107-00-6 54 C4H6 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Ethylene 74-85-1 28 C2H4 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Heptyl mercaptan 1639-09-4 132 C7H16S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Hexane, 2,3-dimethyl- 584-94-1 114 C8H18 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Hexane, 2,4-dimethyl- 589-43-5 114 C8H18 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Hexane, 2,5-dimethyl- 592-13-2 114 C8H18 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Hexyl mercaptan 111-31-9 118 C6H14S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Isobutyl mercaptan 513-44-0 90 C4H10S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Isobutylene 115-11-7 56 C4H8 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Isoprene 78-79-5 68 C5H8 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Isopropyl mercaptan 75-33-2 76 C3H8S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Isopropylbenzene 98-82-8 120 C9H12 0.000077 0.160 9772.7 0.000264
m,p-Xylene108-38-3 / 106-42-3 106 C8H10 0.000469 0.221 11910.7 0.000322
m-Diethylbenzene 141-93-5 134 C10H14 0.000000 0.249 16921.8 0.000458Methyl mercaptan 74-93-1 48 CH4S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Methylcyclohexane 108-87-2 98 C7H14 0.016792 0.042 2066.0 0.000056Methylcyclopentane 96-37-7 84 C6H12 0.009220 0.011 463.3 0.000013m-Ethyltoluene 620-14-4 120 C9H12 0.000142 0.671 40884.4 0.001106Nonane 111-84-2 128 C9H20 0.000000 0.096 6228.1 0.000169n-Propylbenzene 103-65-1 120 C9H12 0.000088 0.339 20658.7 0.000559Octane 111-65-9 114 C8H18 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Octyl mercaptan 111-88-6 146 C8H18S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000o-Ethyltoluene 611-14-3 120 C9H12 0.000113 0.530 32286.9 0.000874o-Xylene 95-47-6 106 C8H10 0.000169 0.142 7649.1 0.000207p-Diethylbenzene 105-05-5 134 C10H14 0.000000 0.406 27627.4 0.000748Pentane, 2,2,3,4-tetramethyl- 1186-53-4 128 C9H20 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Pentane, 2,4-dimethyl- 108-08-7 100 C7H16 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Pentyl mercaptan 110-66-7 104 C5H12S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000p-Ethyltoluene 622-96-8 120 C9H12 0.000068 0.321 19545.3 0.000529Propane, 2,2-dimethyl- 463-82-1 72 C5H12 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Propyl mercaptan 107-03-9 76 C3H8S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Propylene 115-07-1 42 C3H6 0.000496 0.000 0.0 0.000000
37
Table 10. Material balance and emission factor results for tank heater at Pad 5-32 of Baytex Reno Field.Fuel Gas
(Lab)Flue Gas
(Lab) Emission FactorComponent CAS MW Formula % Vol ppmv ug/ (m3 fuel) kg /(GJ fuel)Propyne 74-99-7 40 C3H4 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000sec-Butyl mercaptan 513-53-1 90 C4H10S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Styrene 100-42-5 104 C8H8 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Sulphur dioxide 7446-09-5 64 S02 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000tert-Butyl mercaptan 75-66-1 90 C4H10S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000tert-Pentyl mercaptan 1679-09-0 104 C5H12S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Tetrahydro thiophene 110-01-0 88 C4H8S 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Thiophene 110-02-1 84 C4H4S 0.000027 0.000 0.0 0.000000Toluene 108-88-3 92 C7H8 0.000281 0.010 488.4 0.000013trans-2-Butene 624-64-6 56 C4H8 0.000143 0.000 0.0 0.000000trans-2-Pentene 646-04-8 70 C5H10 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Undecane 1120-21-4 156 C11H24 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000Unknown Sulphur (MW=32) 0 32 0 0.000002 0.000 0.0 0.000000Unknown Sulphurs (MW=32) 0 32 0 0.000223 0.867 14074.8 0.000381Unresolved Hydrocarbons (C10+)0 142 0 0.000000 0.000 0.0 0.000000
4.5 NOX, CO AND PM2.5 EMISSIONSEstimated emissions of NOx, CO and PM2.5 from combustion sources located at each production pad are based on applicable USEPA AP-42 emission factors as presented in Table 11 (USEPA).
Table 11. Summary of NOx, CO and PM2.5 emission factors applied to lift pump and compressor engines, Tank heaters and flare and incinerator combustion sources.
Type of Combustion Device NOx CO PM2.5
Lift Pump and Compressor Engine 976.0 1,509.0 4.1Tank Heater 42.0 35.0 0.8Flare and Incinerator 29.2 159.1 57.0Source: USEPA AP-42
4.6 SEMI-VOLATILE SUBSTANCESNumerous semi-volatile substances were identified and quantified. For each emission source the applicable average emission factor was determined and applied in the development of the Reno Field emission inventory.
4.6.1 TANK EMISSIONSSemi-volatile compounds were measured at three locations, Pad 2-1 and Pad 5-32 where the vented gas included casing and solution gas and Pad 13-14S where the vented gas was solution gas. The results of these analyses are presented in Table 12. The concentration of semi-volatile compounds in the vented solution gas (Pad 13-14) is much higher than in the vented mixed casing and solution gas (Pad 2-1 and 5-32). This was expected as the solution gas is produced with and
38
released from the heated oil while the casing gas is produced separately and not intimately comingled with the produced oil. However, the actual vent rate of solution gas was less than the actual vent rate of casing gas in those cases where the two gases are vented from the same tank.As a result the mixed gas semi-volatile compound concentrations are observed to be lower.
Table 12. Summary of semi-volatile composition of the casing and solution gas mix vented and the solution gas vented at production pads in the Baytex Reno Field.
PAD 2-1Tank Vent of Casing and
Solution Gas
Pad 5-32 Tank Vent of Casing and
Solution Gas
Mixed Casing and Solution Gas Average
Pad 13-14 102/1-14
Solution Gas
Component 3 vented HC
3 vented HC
3 vented HC
3 vented HC
1-Methylnaphthalene 84.9693 208.0926 146.5309 642.12032-Methylnaphthalene 112.2130 270.3701 191.2915 801.6308Acenaphthene 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Acenaphthylene 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Anthracene 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Benzo(a)anthracene 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Benzo(a)pyrene 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Benzo(b,j,k)fluoranthene 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Benzo(ghi)perylene 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000C1-Chrysene 0.0180 0.0000 0.0090 0.0000C1-Dibenzothiophene 0.7427 2.0492 1.3959 13.0353C1-Fluoranthene/pyrene 0.0338 0.0241 0.0289 0.0429C1-Fluorene 0.3632 1.4688 0.9160 9.3785C1-Phenanthrene/anthracene 0.3455 0.7577 0.5516 5.7663C2-Chrysene 0.0282 0.0000 0.0141 0.0000C2-Dibenzothiophene 0.7920 1.3533 1.0726 7.5957C2-Fluoranthene/pyrene 0.0456 0.0000 0.0228 0.0279C2-Fluorene 0.1953 0.7079 0.4516 4.4418C2-Naphthalene 92.3203 212.3033 152.3118 784.1776C2-Phenanthrene/anthracene 0.2834 0.3975 0.3404 1.8157C3-Chrysene 0.0106 0.0000 0.0053 0.0000C3-Dibenzothiophene 0.3856 0.2949 0.3402 1.4318C3-Fluoranthene/pyrene 0.0296 0.0000 0.0148 0.0150C3-Fluorene 0.1802 0.3884 0.2843 1.6113C3-Naphthalene 20.9113 67.9886 44.4499 284.3551C3-Phenanthrene/anthracene 0.1275 0.0962 0.1118 0.2209C4-Chrysene 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000C4-Dibenzothiophene 0.1935 0.0925 0.1430 0.2989C4-Fluoranthene/pyrene 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000C4-Fluorene 0.0262 0.0000 0.0131 0.0000C4-Naphthalene 1.2685 5.5004 3.3845 32.1065C4-Phenanthrene/anthracene 0.0392 0.0000 0.0196 0.0299Chrysene 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Dibenzo(ah)anthracene 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
39
Table 12. Summary of semi-volatile composition of the casing and solution gas mix vented and the solution gas vented at production pads in the Baytex Reno Field.
PAD 2-1Tank Vent of Casing and
Solution Gas
Pad 5-32 Tank Vent of Casing and
Solution Gas
Mixed Casing and Solution Gas Average
Pad 13-14 102/1-14
Solution Gas
Component 3 vented HC
3 vented HC
3 vented HC
3 vented HC
Fluoranthene 0.0000 0.0162 0.0081 0.0467Fluorene 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Naphthalene 67.7140 151.0106 109.3623 462.7247Phenanthrene 0.3726 1.3000 0.8363 10.1445Pyrene 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0297
4.6.2 ENGINE EMISSIONSThe flue gases of three compressor engines were sampled for semi-volatiles and the results are presented in Table 13. The average emission factor was applied to all lift pump and compressor engines operating in the Baytex Reno Field. Because of the measured high combustion efficiency measured for the tank heater, no semi-volatile emission factors were applied to any of the heaters.
Table 13. Summary of semi-volatile emissions from compressor engines operating at the Baytex Reno Field.
Component
Pad 4-23 Compressor
Flue Gas
Pad 5-32Compressor
Flue Gas
Pad 2-1Compressor
Flue Gas
Emission Factor
Averageg/m3 fuel g/m3 fuel g/m3 fuel g/m3 fuel
1-Methylnaphthalene 53.5847 191.6521 85.4479 110.22822-Methylnaphthalene 57.7480 231.6712 112.7156 134.0449Acenaphthene 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Acenaphthylene 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Anthracene 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Benzo(a)anthracene 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Benzo(a)pyrene 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Benzo(b,j,k)fluoranthene 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Benzo(ghi)perylene 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000C1-Chrysene 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000C1-Dibenzothiophene 16.0238 20.3976 1.8622 12.7612C1-Fluoranthene/pyrene 0.1166 0.1658 0.0000 0.0941C1-Fluorene 9.5134 12.3886 1.2895 7.7305C1-Phenanthrene/anthracene 7.3857 8.4708 0.8885 5.5816C2-Chrysene 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000C2-Dibenzothiophene 12.0957 11.6987 1.1452 8.3132C2-Fluoranthene/pyrene 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000C2-Fluorene 5.6860 6.1857 0.8442 4.2386C2-Naphthalene 423.2311 521.0448 220.4184 388.2314
40
Table 13. Summary of semi-volatile emissions from compressor engines operating at the Baytex Reno Field.
Component
Pad 4-23 Compressor
Flue Gas
Pad 5-32Compressor
Flue Gas
Pad 2-1Compressor
Flue Gas
Emission Factor
Averageg/m3 fuel g/m3 fuel g/m3 fuel g/m3 fuel
C2-Phenanthrene/anthracene 3.4883 2.8598 0.4988 2.2823C3-Chrysene 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000C3-Dibenzothiophene 3.1588 3.4475 0.4090 2.3384C3-Fluoranthene/pyrene 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000C3-Fluorene 2.8430 2.8781 0.5317 2.0843C3-Naphthalene 366.0701 272.3481 65.2425 234.5536C3-Phenanthrene/anthracene 0.5955 0.6899 0.1341 0.4732C4-Chrysene 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000C4-Dibenzothiophene 0.8922 0.7674 0.0000 0.5532C4-Fluoranthene/pyrene 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000C4-Fluorene 0.0000 0.1076 0.0000 0.0359C4-Naphthalene 26.3436 37.7341 3.5391 22.5389C4-Phenanthrene/anthracene 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Chrysene 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Dibenzo(ah)anthracene 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Fluoranthene 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Fluorene 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Naphthalene 28.6377 149.8612 56.7214 78.4068Phenanthrene 10.1990 13.5209 1.6531 8.4577Pyrene 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
4.7 ODOUR SAMPLESClearstone collected tank vent gas samples in Tedlar bags for odour studies completed by RWDI. All samples were collected using a sample train consisting of a sample tube, a hand operated aspirator and a discharge tube connecting to the Tedlar bag. The sample tube was inserted directly into the tank vent. Due to the high moisture content of the vent gases, moisture condensation occurred in the sample line and aspirator. Immediately upon collection of each sample they were transferred to RWDI for labeling and custody. Two samples were collected for each of four tanks as listed in Table 14.
Table 14. Odour sample pad, well, sample identification and sample date.Pad Well Sample ID Sample Date08-21 100/09-15-79-20W5 9-15-79-20-1A 27-Feb-1308-21 100/09-15-79-20W5 9-15-79-20-1B 27-Feb-1313-14S 100/14-21-79-20W5 100-14-21-1A 27-Feb-1313-14S 100/14-21-79-20W5 100-14-21-1B 27-Feb-1305-32 100/04-06-80-20W5 100-04-06-80-1A 27-Feb-1305-32 100/04-06-80-20W5 100-04-06-80-1B 27-Feb-13
41
Table 14. Odour sample pad, well, sample identification and sample date.Pad Well Sample ID Sample Date02-01 102/07-31-79-20W5 102-7-31-2A 27-Feb-1302-01 102/07-31-79-20W5 102-7-31-1B 27-Feb-13
42
5 INVENTORY DEVELOPMENTThe Baytex Reno Field emission inventory is based on February 2013 production and related activities. Monthly flow rates of solution and casing gas are presented as daily averages. Similarly, fuel, vent to atmosphere, flare and incinerator gas flow rates are presented as daily averages but derived from the monthly production data.
Fuel gas, flue gases, tank vent to flare or incinerator, and tank vent to atmosphere compositions are based on field studies in July 2012 and February/March 2013, and as reported in Section 4.
5.1 COMBUSTION DEVICE EMISSIONSEmissions were compiled for all combustion devices at all production pads, the water injection facility and the gas plant. All emissions are based on fuel consumption and applicable site specific emission factors.
5.1.1 FUEL FLOW RATESCasing gas produced at a pad is used as fuel for the lift pump engines, compressor engines and tank heaters. Fuel consumption is based on information provided by Baytex and is summarized by well, pad and device in Table 15. In the case of burner fuel the value is the total for all tanks associated with a production well. Compressor fuel is more accurately reflective as pad activity and not specific well activity. Compressor fuel rate of zero indicates no compressor at location.
Table 15. Summary of estimated casing fuel gas allocations to wells for lift pump and compressor engines, and tank heaters at Baytex Reno Field.
Lift Pump Fuel Burner Fuel CompressorPad Well ID (m3/d) (m3/d) (m3/d)08-36 100/12-36 Shut In Shut In02-01 100/09-31 189.1 160.0 45002-01 102/07-31 326.6 1828.6 015-36 100/01-31 167.3 274.3 015-36 102/01-31 265.0 457.1 004-06 103/12-32 142.1 114.3 016-31 103/10-28 229.3 662.9 45012-32 W0/01-33 142.1 91.4 45012-32 103/13-28 147.9 91.4 005-32 100/04-06 365.9 1028.6 78005-32 102/12-28 165.6 114.3 005-32 100/13-28 185.4 274.3 008-31W 100/09-29 156.8 137.1 008-31E 102/13-31 203.4 274.3 45008-31E 102/09-29 142.1 91.4 008-31E 102/01-01 161.0 91.4 016-19 100/08-25 128.2 91.4 009-29 104/13-22 195.9 228.6 008-29 100/12-22 184.1 205.7 450
43
Table 15. Summary of estimated casing fuel gas allocations to wells for lift pump and compressor engines, and tank heaters at Baytex Reno Field.
Lift Pump Fuel Burner Fuel CompressorPad Well ID (m3/d) (m3/d) (m3/d)08-29 102/13-22 144.9 137.1 008-21 100/09-15 146.0 388.6 008-21 100/12-14 143.6 91.4 009-21SW 100/13-14 157.8 228.6 45009-21SW 102/13-14 158.2 160.0 45009-21SE 103/08-29 231.2 388.6 45009-21SE 100/01-29 188.1 731.4 009-21N 100/04-23 136.9 182.9 009-21N 102/04-23 181.0 137.1 004-23 103/06-13 208.7 548.6 84013-14N 102/06-13 131.8 182.9 84013-14N 100/15-21 252.8 1142.9 013-14N 100/04-13 127.5 137.1 013-14S 102/01-14 158.9 228.6 84013-14S 100/14-21 313.6 1577.1 009-15W 100/16-11 Shut In Shut In09-15W 102/16-11 Shut In Shut In09-15E 100/13-12 169.2 114.3 009-15E 102/13-12 155.6 182.9 009-14 100/02-13 172.7 320.0 45010-12 100/08-14 140.6 160.0 0IF Water Disposal1 4-28-79-20W5 0GP Dehy/Comp1 10-22-79-20W5 218.6 1342.72. Slop oil tank heater was not in operation during period..2. Gas Plant burner fuel is for dehydrator reboiler.
The same information consolidated to provide total allocations to each device type is presented in Table 16. In addition, flare or incinerator pilot and casing or solution gas or both are disposed of through the flare or incinerator is indicated. At those pads with a flare or incinerator, one device served all production at the pad. Waste gas flows to both devices through low pressure (LP) lines from tanks and high pressure (HP) flow lines from compressed casing gas.
Table 16. Casing gas allocations by device at each pad in the Baytex Reno Field.Lift Pump
FuelBurner Fuel
Compressor Fuel
Flare / IncineratorPilot Waste Gas
Pad (m3/d) (m3/d) (m3/d) (m3/d)08-36 Shut In Shut In 002-01 515.7 1988.6 450.0 6.4 120115-36 432.3 731.4 0.004-06 142.1 114.3 0.016-31 229.3 662.9 450.012-32 290.0 182.9 450.0
44
Table 16. Casing gas allocations by device at each pad in the Baytex Reno Field.Lift Pump
FuelBurner Fuel
Compressor Fuel
Flare / IncineratorPilot Waste Gas
Pad (m3/d) (m3/d) (m3/d) (m3/d)05-32 716.8 1417.1 760.008-31W 156.8 137.1 0.008-31E 506.5 457.1 450.016-19 128.2 91.4 0.009-29 195.9 228.6 0.008-29 329.0 342.9 450.008-21 289.6 480.0 0.009-21SW 316.1 388.6 900.009-21SE 419.3 1120.0 450.0 6.4 9709-21N 317.9 320.0 0.004-23 208.7 548.6 840.0 6.4 568313-14N 512.1 1462.9 840.0 40.3 3713-14S 472.5 1805.7 840.0 6.4 53009-15W Shut In Shut In 009-15E 324.8 297.1 0.009-14 172.7 320.0 450.010-12 140.6 160.0 0.04-24 IF TH 010-22 GP Dehy &Comp 218.6 1342.7
5.1.2 FLARE AND INCINERATOR FLOW RATESWaste gas is flared at four pads and incinerated at one as indicated in Table 17. These results are based on January to March 2013 production reports. The composition of the vent gas going to flare or incinerator is presented in Table 20. Combustion efficiency of 98% and 99.5% are applied for the flare and incinerator, respectively.
Table 17. Minimum, maximum and average monthly and average daily flared or incinerated volumes per pad at Baytex Reno Field for January to March 2013 inclusive.
4-23-79-20W5
9-21-79-20W5
2-1-79-20W5
13-14N-79-20W5
13-14S-79-20W5
Flare Flare Flare Incinerator Flare e3m3/month e3m3/month e3m3/month e3m3/month e3m3/month
Maximum 325.3 3.1 55.6 1.9 25.9Minimum 47.8 2.8 5.8 0.3 9.7Average 170.5 2.9 36.0 1.1 15.9RSD 83.0% 3.8% 73.7% 73.2% 55.1%
m3/d m3/d m3/d m3/d m3/dAverage 5683 97 1201 37 530Pilot Fuel 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4
45
5.1.3 NOX, CO AND PM2.5 EMISSION RATESThe emissions of NOx, CO and PM2.5 from engines, tank heaters and flares or incinerators are presented in Table 18 and are based on and fuel gas, flare and incinerator gas flow rates summarized in Table 15 and Table 16 and emission factors discussed in Section 4.5.
Table 18. Summary of NOx, CO and PM2.5 emissions from combustion sources at production pads in the Baytex Reno Field based on estimated daily fuel consumption rates.
Pad Source Type QuantityAllocated
Fuel (m3/d)NOx Emissions
(g/d)1CO Emissions
(g/d)2PM2.5 Emissions
(g/d)3
08-36 Tank Heater 2 Shut In02-01 LP Engine 3 515.7 18,634 28,810 7802-01 C Engine 1 450.0 16,260 25,140 6802-01 Tank Heater 8 2,217.1 3,447 2,873 6602-01 Flare 1 1,207.4 1,305 7,112 2,54815-36 LP Engine 2 432.3 15,190 23,486 6415-36 Tank Heater 2 731.4 1,106 922 2104-06 LP Engine 1 142.1 4,993 7,720 2104-06 Tank Heater 2 114.3 173 144 316-31 LP Engine 1 229.3 8,057 12,457 3416-31 C Engine 1 450.0 15,811 24,446 6616-31 Tank Heater 4 662.9 1,002 835 1912-32 LP Engine 2 290.0 10,190 15,755 4312-32 C Engine 1 450.0 15,811 24,446 6612-32 Tank Heater 3 182.9 276 230 505-32 LP Engine 3 716.8 25,691 39,721 10805-32 C Engine 1 780.0 27,955 43,221 11705-32 Tank Heater 6 1,417.1 2,186 1,821 4208-31W LP Engine 1 156.8 5,510 8,520 2308-31W Tank Heater 2 137.1 207 173 408-31E LP Engine 3 506.5 17,797 27,517 7508-31E C Engine 1 450.0 15,811 24,446 6608-31E Tank Heater 5 457.1 691 576 1316-19 LP Engine 1 128.2 4,505 6,965 1916-19 Tank Heater 2 91.4 138 115 309-29 LP Engine 1 195.9 6,883 10,642 2909-29 Tank Heater 2 228.6 346 288 708-29 LP Engine 2 329.0 11,561 17,874 4808-29 C Engine 1 450.0 15,811 24,446 6608-29 Tank Heater 3 342.9 518 432 1008-21 LP Engine 2 289.6 10,174 15,730 4308-21 Tank Heater 4 480.0 726 605 1409-21SW LP Engine 2 316.1 11,106 17,171 4709-21SW C Engine 2 900.0 31,622 48,891 13309-21SW Tank Heater 4 388.6 588 490 1109-21SE LP Engine 2 419.3 14,731 22,775 6209-21SE C Engine 1 450.0 15,811 24,446 66
46
Table 18. Summary of NOx, CO and PM2.5 emissions from combustion sources at production pads in the Baytex Reno Field based on estimated daily fuel consumption rates.
Pad Source Type QuantityAllocated
Fuel (m3/d)NOx Emissions
(g/d)1CO Emissions
(g/d)2PM2.5 Emissions
(g/d)3
09-21SE Tank Heater 4 1,120.0 1,693 1,411 3209-21SE Flare 1 103.4 109 592 21209-21N LP Engine 2 317.9 11,168 17,268 4709-21N Tank Heater 4 320.0 484 403 904-23 LP Engine 1 208.7 7,333 11,338 3104-23 C Engine 1 840.0 29,514 45,632 12404-23 Tank Heater 2 548.6 829 691 1604-23 Flare 1 5,689.4 5,981 32,586 11,67513-14N LP Engine 3 512.1 17,993 27,819 7513-14N C Engine 1 840.0 29,514 45,632 12413-14N Tank Heater 8 1,462.9 2,212 1,843 4213-14N Incinerator 1 77.3 81 443 15913-14S LP Engine 2 472.5 15,799 24,427 6613-14S C Engine 1 840.0 28,085 43,422 11813-14S Tank Heater 7 1,805.7 2,598 2,165 4913-14S Flare 1 536.4 537 2,923 1,04709-15W LP Engine 2 Shut In09-15W Tank Heater 3 Shut In09-15E LP Engine 2 324.8 11,412 17,645 4809-15E Tank Heater 4 297.1 449 374 909-14 LP Engine 1 172.7 6,069 9,384 2509-14 C Engine 1 450.0 15,811 24,446 6609-14 Tank Heater 2 320.0 484 403 910-12 LP Engine 1 140.6 4,940 7,638 2110-12 Tank Heater 1 160.0 242 202 508-28 IF Tank Heater 110-22 GP C Engine 1 1342.7 47,177 72,941 19810-22 GP Dehy Heater 1 218.6 331 275 61. NOx emission factor from AP-42 for uncontrolled heat source <29 MW applied to tank heaters, Recip 4-stroke rich burn applied to lift pump and compressor engines and flare applied to flares. 2. CO emission factor from AP-42 for uncontrolled heat source <29 MW applied to tank heaters, Recip 4-stroke rich burn applied to lift pump and compressor engines and flare applied to flares.3. PM2.5 emission factor from AP-42 for uncontrolled heat source <29 MW applied to tank heaters, Recip 4-stroke rich burn applied to lift pump and compressor engines and flare applied to flares.
5.2 TANK VENT EMISSION FACTORSEmissions were compiled for all production tanks at all production pads. All emissions are based on production based atmospheric vent rates and applicable site specific emission factors. Gas vented to a flare of incinerator is covered in Section 5.1.
5.2.1 TANK VENT FLOW RATES
47
Daily well by well oil production and vented gas volumes are presented in Table 19. Oil production is as reported by Baytex for February and the GOR applied was specified by Baytex.Emissions are based on the application of the Mixed Casing plus Solution gas composition provided in Table 7. The compositions shown in Table 7, converted to emission factors expressed in grams per dsm3 of vented gas are presented in Table 20.
Table 19 Oil production and tank vent to atmosphere for Baytex Reno Field production wells for February 2013.
Pad WellOil
VolumeTank Vent
includes Casing Gas1,2,3,4,5,6
Tank Vent GOR Applied7
Tank Vent to Atmosphere
m3/d dsm3/m3 dsm3/d08-36 100/12-36-79-21W5 0 Shut In02-01 100/09-31-79-20W5 5.32 N, F, C 5102-01 102/07-31-79-20W5 49.50 Y, M, F 5115-36 100/01-31-79-20W5 1.96 Y, M 51 99.9615-36 102/01-31-79-20W5 4.40 N 51 224.4004-06 103/12-32-79-20W5 4.50 Y 51 229.5016-31 103/10-28-79-20W5 23.20 N, C 51 1183.2012-32 W0/01-33-79-20W5/02 3.44 N, C 51 175.4412-32 103/13-28-79-20W5 2.96 N 51 150.9605-32 100/04-06-80-20W5/03 33.25 Y, M, C 51 1695.7505-32 102/12-28-79-20W5 4.65 Y 51 237.1505-32 100/13-28-79-20W5 5.60 Y 51 285.6008-31W 100/09-29-79-20W5 5.76 Y 51 293.7608-31E 102/13-31-79-20W5/02 11.16 N, M, C 51 569.1608-31E 102/09-29-79-20W5 3.04 N 51 155.0408-31E 102/01-01-80-21-W5 3.60 N 51 183.6016-19 100/08-25-79-21W5/02 2.48 Y 51 126.4809-29 104/13-22-79-20W5 8.40 Y 51 428.4008-29 100/12-22-79-20W5 7.83 N, C 51 399.3308-29 102/13-22-79-20W5 5.64 N, M 51 287.6408-21 100/09-15-79-20W5 5.60 N, M 51 285.6008-21 100/12-14-79-20W5/02 3.96 N 51 201.9609-21SW 100/13-14-79-20W5 6.50 N, C 51 331.5009-21SW 102/13-14-79-20W5 5.39 N 51 274.8909-21SE 103/08-29-79-20W5 13.26 N, F, C 5109-21SE 100/01-29-79-20W5 19.52 N, F 5109-21N 100/04-23-79-20W5 2.73 Y, M 51 139.2309-21N 102/04-23-79-20W5 5.16 Y 51 263.1604-23 103/06-13-79-20W5 9.60 N, F, C 5113-14N 102/06-13-79-20W5 5.12 N, I, C 5113-14N 100/15-21-79-20W5 24.85 N, I 5113-14N 100/04-13-79-20W5 5.34 N, I 51
48
Table 19 Oil production and tank vent to atmosphere for Baytex Reno Field production wells for February 2013.
Pad WellOil
VolumeTank Vent
includes Casing Gas1,2,3,4,5,6
Tank Vent GOR Applied7
Tank Vent to Atmosphere
m3/d dsm3/m3 dsm3/d13-14S 102/01-14-79-20W5/02 8.10 N, M, F, C 5113-14S 100/14-21-79-20W5 30.78 N, F 5109-15W 100/16-11-79-20W5 Shut In09-15W 102/16-11-79-20W5 Shut In09-15E 100/13-12-79-20W5 4.60 Y, M 51 234.6009-15E 102/13-12-79-20W5 2.79 Y 51 142.2909-14 100/02-13-79-20W5 7.28 Y, C 51 371.2810-12 100/08-14-79-20W5/03 4.41 Y, M 51 224.91
351.68 Total 7961.211. N indicated casing gas was not vented into the production tank.2. Y indicates that casing gas was vented into the production tank and then vented to atmosphere or directed to a flare or incinerator.3. M indicates vent gas rate measured during field study.4. F indicates that the pad has a flare for disposal of casing and solution gas.5. I indicates that the pad has an incinerator for disposal of casing and solution gas.6. C indicates casing gas compressor.7. Assumed vent gas GOR based on measurements as discussed in Section 4.1.
Tank vent emission factors are summarized for the three vent stream types in Table 20.
Table 20. Summary of emissions factors for mixed solution and casing gas vented, solution gas vented and mixed solution gas and casing gas flared or incinerated from production tanks in the Baytex Reno field.
Casing and Solution Gas Mix Vented
Solution Gas
Vented
Mixed Gas to Flare or Incinerator
Name Compound MW g/dsm3 air free
g/dsm3 air free
g/dsm3 air free
Air in Sample 15.3% 16.7% 0.5%Oxygen O2 32 0 0 0Helium He 4 0 0 0Hydrogen H2 2 0 0 0Nitrogen N2 28 24.802360 127.35143 5.1998946Hydrogen Sulphide H2S 34 0.000657 0.000000 0.000581Carbon Dioxide CO2 44 71.633612 210.963249 130.227575Methane CH4 16 632.510988 499.105849 615.216882Ethane C2H6 30 3.102040 4.085042 6.678428Propane C3H8 44 1.228043 1.874453 1.167805Butane C4H10 58 0.374607 2.877172 1.385878
49
Table 20. Summary of emissions factors for mixed solution and casing gas vented, solution gas vented and mixed solution gas and casing gas flared or incinerated from production tanks in the Baytex Reno field.
Casing and Solution Gas Mix Vented
Solution Gas
Vented
Mixed Gas to Flare or Incinerator
Name Compound MW g/dsm3 air free
g/dsm3 air free
g/dsm3 air free
Isobutane C4H10 58 0.517890 2.532562 1.540457Pentane C5H12 72 0.396439 3.593260 2.022596Isopentane C5H12 72 1.132613 11.277615 4.986461Hexane C6H14 86 0.521980 2.911133 1.624936Benzene C6H6 78 0.001695 0.034895 0.000000Heptane C7H16 100 0.121366 0.693529 0.1420741,2,3-Trimethylbenzene C9H12 120 0.009171 0.135215 0.0000001,2,4-Trimethylbenzene C9H12 120 0.026877 0.138671 0.0000001,3,5-Trimethylbenzene C9H12 120 0.010973 0.074584 0.0000001,3-Butadiene C4H6 54 0.000000 0.000000 0.0000001-Butene C4H8 56 0.000318 0.001147 0.0033281-Hexene C6H12 84 0.000000 0.000000 0.0000001-Hexene, 3,4,5-trimethyl- C9H18 126 0.000000 0.000000 0.0644251-Pentene C5H10 70 0.000000 0.000000 0.0000002,2,4-Trimethylpentane C8H18 114 0.001319 0.000000 0.0000002,2-Dimethylbutane C6H14 86 0.115639 2.131948 0.4859802,3,4-Trimethylpentane C8H18 114 0.040308 0.897368 0.0483572,3-Dimethylbutane C6H14 86 0.282999 5.371759 1.1866162,3-Dimethylpentane C7H16 100 0.262353 5.199640 0.7269132,4-Dimethylpentane C7H16 100 0.000000 0.000000 0.0000002,5-dimethyl Thiophene C6H8S 112 0.000170 0.014202 0.0002592-ethyl Thiophene C6H8S 112 0.000000 0.000000 0.0000002H-Pyran, tetrahydro- C5H10O 86 0.000000 0.000000 0.0201122-methyl Thiophene C5H6S 98 0.000903 0.014379 0.0010842-Methylheptane C8H18 114 0.098141 0.842943 0.0580042-Methylhexane C7H16 100 0.346328 2.164871 0.7915252-Methylpentane C6H14 86 0.904481 7.072435 3.5979782-propyl thiophene C7H10S 126 0.000000 0.000000 0.0000003-butyl thiophene (blank) 140 0.001165 0.016621 0.0000003-methyl Thiophene C5H6S 98 0.001979 0.051466 0.0046763-Methylheptane C8H18 114 0.165120 1.216936 0.0766463-Methylhexane C7H16 100 0.516025 4.530365 1.3059543-Methylpentane C6H14 86 0.712543 6.655954 2.762134Acetylene C2H2 26 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
50
Table 20. Summary of emissions factors for mixed solution and casing gas vented, solution gas vented and mixed solution gas and casing gas flared or incinerated from production tanks in the Baytex Reno field.
Casing and Solution Gas Mix Vented
Solution Gas
Vented
Mixed Gas to Flare or Incinerator
Name Compound MW g/dsm3 air free
g/dsm3 air free
g/dsm3 air free
Allyl sulphide C6H10S 114 0.001031 0.017263 0.000615Butane, 2,2,3-trimethyl- C7H16 100 0.000000 0.000000 0.007086Butyl mercaptan C4H10S 98 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000Butyl sulphide C8H18S 146 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000Carbon disulphide CS2 76 0.000003 0.000000 0.000000Carbon monoxide CO 28 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000Carbonyl sulphide COS 60 0.000011 0.000423 0.000000Chlorobenzene-d5 C6D5Cl 112 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000cis-2-Butene C4H8 56 0.000856 0.000000 0.000000cis-2-Pentene C5H10 70 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000Cyclohexane C6H12 84 0.670828 22.887809 3.697437Cyclohexane, 1,1,3-trimethyl- C9H18 126 0.000000 0.000000 0.101080Cyclohexane, 1,1-dimethyl- C8H16 112 0.000000 0.000000 0.089685Cyclohexane, 1,2-dimethyl-, trans- C8H16 112 0.000000 0.000000 0.087698Cyclohexane, 1,3-dimethyl-, cis- C8H16 112 0.000000 0.000000 0.224344Cyclohexane, 1,3-dimethyl-, trans- C8H16 112 0.000000 0.000000 0.043795Cyclohexane, 1,4-dimethyl- C8H16 112 0.000000 0.000000 0.013235Cyclohexane, 1,4-dimethyl-, cis- C8H16 112 0.000000 0.000000 0.021141Cyclohexane, ethyl- C8H16 112 0.000000 0.000000 0.039990Cyclopentane C5H10 70 0.139668 4.122733 0.838776Cyclopentane, 1,1,2-trimethyl- C8H16 112 0.000000 0.000000 0.024680Cyclopentane, 1,1-dimethyl- C7H14 98 0.000000 0.000000 0.305122Cyclopentane, 1,2,3-trimethyl-,(1.alpha
C8H16 1120.000000
0.000000 0.183706
Cyclopentane, 1,2-dimethyl-, cis- C7H14 98 0.000000 0.000000 0.638567Cyclopentane, 1,2-dimethyl-, trans- C7H14 98 0.000000 0.000000 0.527943Cyclopentane, 1,3-dimethyl- C7H14 98 0.000000 0.000000 0.255786Cyclopentane, 1,3-dimethyl-, cis- C7H14 98 0.000000 0.000000 0.243473Cyclopentane, 1,3-dimethyl-, trans- C7H14 98 0.000000 0.000000 0.268879Cyclopentane, 1-ethyl-3-methyl- C8H16 112 0.000000 0.000000 0.029231Cyclopentane, 1-methyl-3-(1-methylethyl)
C9H18 1260.000000
0.000000 0.032393
Cyclopentane, ethyl- C7H14 98 0.000000 0.000000 0.244114Decane C10H22 142 0.000929 0.000000 0.000000Dimethyl disulphide C2H6S2 94 0.000009 0.000155 0.000006
51
Table 20. Summary of emissions factors for mixed solution and casing gas vented, solution gas vented and mixed solution gas and casing gas flared or incinerated from production tanks in the Baytex Reno field.
Casing and Solution Gas Mix Vented
Solution Gas
Vented
Mixed Gas to Flare or Incinerator
Name Compound MW g/dsm3 air free
g/dsm3 air free
g/dsm3 air free
Dimethyl sulphide C2H6S 62 0.000264 0.000000 0.000000Dimethyl trisulphide C2H6S3 126 0.006521 0.063502 0.000000Dodecane C12H26 170 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000Ethyl benzene C8H10 106 0.030660 0.537503 0.000000Ethyl mercaptan C2H6S 62 0.000023 0.000000 0.000045Ethyl methyl sulphide C3H8S 76 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000Ethyl sulphide C4H10S 90 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000Ethylacetylene C4H6 54 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000Ethylene C2H4 28 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000Heptyl mercaptan C7H16S 132 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000Hexane, 2,3-dimethyl- C8H18 114 0.000000 0.000000 0.041226Hexane, 2,4-dimethyl- C8H18 114 0.000000 0.000000 0.099343Hexane, 2,5-dimethyl- C8H18 114 0.000000 0.000000 0.049928Hexyl mercaptan C6H14S 118 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000Isobutyl mercaptan C4H10S 90 0.000017 0.000145 0.000034Isobutylene C4H8 56 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000Isoprene C5H8 68 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000Isopropyl mercaptan C3H8S 76 0.000110 0.000786 0.000328Isopropylbenzene C9H12 120 0.006778 0.046436 0.000000m,p-Xylene C8H10 106 0.045045 0.346611 0.000000m-Diethylbenzene C10H14 134 0.003159 0.093904 0.000000Methyl mercaptan CH4S 48 0.000008 0.000000 0.000000Methylcyclohexane C7H14 98 1.066730 27.351100 3.147531Methylcyclopentane C6H12 84 0.498134 11.503528 2.215969m-Ethyltoluene C9H12 120 0.023644 0.093937 0.000000Nonane C9H20 128 0.004425 0.125936 0.000000n-Propylbenzene C9H12 120 0.012764 0.160943 0.000000Octane C8H18 114 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000Octyl mercaptan C8H18S 146 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000o-Ethyltoluene C9H12 120 0.012381 0.100617 0.000000o-Xylene C8H10 106 0.018410 0.182171 0.000000p-Diethylbenzene C10H14 134 0.003453 0.095148 0.000000Pentane, 2,2,3,4-tetramethyl- C9H20 128 0.000000 0.000000 0.037608Pentane, 2,4-dimethyl- C7H16 100 0.000000 0.000000 0.039464
52
Table 20. Summary of emissions factors for mixed solution and casing gas vented, solution gas vented and mixed solution gas and casing gas flared or incinerated from production tanks in the Baytex Reno field.
Casing and Solution Gas Mix Vented
Solution Gas
Vented
Mixed Gas to Flare or Incinerator
Name Compound MW g/dsm3 air free
g/dsm3 air free
g/dsm3 air free
Pentyl mercaptan C5H12S 104 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000p-Ethyltoluene C9H12 120 0.011319 0.058127 0.000000Propane, 2,2-dimethyl- C5H12 72 0.000000 0.000000 0.074804Propyl mercaptan C3H8S 76 0.000000 0.000013 0.000000Propylene C3H6 42 0.002381 0.003601 0.001161Propyne C3H4 40 0.027490 2.269390 0.000000sec-Butyl mercaptan C4H10S 90 0.000017 0.000146 0.000035Styrene C8H8 104 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000Sulphur dioxide S02 64 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000tert-Butyl mercaptan C4H10S 90 0.000000 0.000293 0.000055tert-Pentyl mercaptan C5H12S 104 0.000000 0.000342 0.000000Tetrahydro thiophene C4H8S 88 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000Thiophene C4H4S 84 0.003385 0.048129 0.008526Toluene C7H8 92 0.359710 0.696089 0.269892trans-2-Butene C4H8 56 0.006595 0.373075 0.003167trans-2-Pentene C5H10 70 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000Undecane C11H24 156 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000Unknown Sulphur (MW=32) (blank) 32 0.000000 0.000075 0.000015Unknown Sulphurs (MW=32) (blank) 32 0.000000 0.121705 0.002573Unresolved Hydrocarbons (C10+) (blank) 142 0.000000 0.000000 0.0000001-Methylnaphthalene 0.000147 0.000642 0.0006422-Methylnaphthalene 0.000191 0.000802 0.000802Acenaphthene 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000Acenaphthylene 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000Anthracene 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000Benzo(a)anthracene 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000Benzo(a)pyrene 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000Benzo(b,j,k)fluoranthene 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000Benzo(ghi)perylene 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000C1-Chrysene 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000C1-Dibenzothiophene 0.000001 0.000013 0.000013C1-Fluoranthene/pyrene 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000C1-Fluorene 0.000001 0.000009 0.000009C1-Phenanthrene/anthracene 0.000001 0.000006 0.000006
53
Table 20. Summary of emissions factors for mixed solution and casing gas vented, solution gas vented and mixed solution gas and casing gas flared or incinerated from production tanks in the Baytex Reno field.
Casing and Solution Gas Mix Vented
Solution Gas
Vented
Mixed Gas to Flare or Incinerator
Name Compound MW g/dsm3 air free
g/dsm3 air free
g/dsm3 air free
C2-Chrysene 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000C2-Dibenzothiophene 0.000001 0.000008 0.000008C2-Fluoranthene/pyrene 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000C2-Fluorene 0.000000 0.000004 0.000004C2-Naphthalene 0.000152 0.000784 0.000784C2-Phenanthrene/anthracene 0.000000 0.000002 0.000002C3-Chrysene 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000C3-Dibenzothiophene 0.000000 0.000001 0.000001C3-Fluoranthene/pyrene 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000C3-Fluorene 0.000000 0.000002 0.000002C3-Naphthalene 0.000044 0.000284 0.000284C3-Phenanthrene/anthracene 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000C4-Chrysene 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000C4-Dibenzothiophene 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000C4-Fluoranthene/pyrene 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000C4-Fluorene 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000C4-Naphthalene 0.000003 0.000032 0.000032C4-Phenanthrene/anthracene 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000Chrysene 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000Dibenzo(ah)anthracene 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000Fluoranthene 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000Fluorene 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000Naphthalene 0.000109 0.000463 0.000463Phenanthrene 0.000001 0.000010 0.000010Pyrene 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
5.3 DEHY REGENERATOR EMISSIONSProcess emissions from the glycol dehydrator located at the 10-22-079-20W5 gas plant were determined by AGAT Laboratories using GRI-GLYCalc Version 4.0. Emissions estimates, assuming 8760 hours per year of operation, are presented in Table 21. Combustion source emissions from the regenerator are addressed in Section 5.1.
54
Table 21: Glycol Dehydrator Regenerator Emission to Atmosphere at Baytex Reno Field Gas Plant.
10-22-79-20W5 Gas Plant DehyComponent g/sMethane 6.294320Ethane 0.042688Propoane 0.003856Isobutane 0.004574n-Butane 0.003301Isopentane 0.022478n-Pentane 0.005015Cyclopentane 0.009689n-Hexane 0.003919Cyclohexane 0.024280Other Hexanes 0.008732Heptane 0.044427Methylcyclohexane 0.0297732,2,4-trimethylpentane 0.009299Benzene 0.000844Toluene 0.005027Ethylbenzene 0.004070Xylenes 0.011453C8+ Heavies 0.096262Total Emissions 6.624006Summary by component classTotal Hydrocarbon Emissions 6.623993Total VOC Emissions 0.286998Total HAP Emissions 0.034599Total BTEX Emissions 0.021382
5.4 ODOUR SAMPLE RESULTSOdour sample results were provided by RWDI for processing and presentation in odour units per dry standard cubic meter of air free vent gas. This restatement of the odour units was required because the odour panel was exposed to diluted volumes of the sampled gas which contained various amounts of air in addition to the solution gas or mixed casing and solution gas and the estimated emission flow rate for each tank was based on a dry, air free gas to oil ratio.
The odour samples were collected on two types of venting situations. As noted in Table 22,samples collected at pads 08-21 and 13-14S were from tanks with solution gas and those at pads 05-32 and 02-01 were from tanks with mixed casing gas and solution gas. The samples from the two types of vented gas were analyzed separately to determine average and maximum odour strengths.
Expressing odour strength in terms of dry, air free vented gas required corrections for moisture and air in the sampled vapour. All samples were handled at room temperature and not heated prior to exposure to the odour panel. Therefore, the moisture content of the actual sample transferred to the odour panel sample dilution system was estimated to be 2.46%, the saturated
55
moisture content of air at 20 ºC and 94.8 kPa. The air content of the odour sample was not determined. However, samples were collected from the same tanks on days after the odour samples were collected and the air content was determined. The dates of the subsequent samples are noted in the table. Application of the air faction in samples results to restate the odour results is not without noteworthy uncertainty. Application requires the assumption that operations are relatively consistent and that the cycle of tank filling and product removal tanks was similar on both sample days. Notwithstanding this uncertainty, odour strength was restated based on the air fraction results determined on the days indicated in the table.
Solution gas was determined to have an odour strength ranging from 21,107 to 86,471 OU/dsm3
(air free). The average of 54,176 and maximum of 86,471 OU//dsm3 (air free) were applied to all wells in Table 19 that are noted to be venting solution gas.
Mixed casing and solution gas was determined to have an odour strength ranging from 3,611 to 9,069 OU/dsm3 (air free). The average of 6,247 and maximum of 9,069 OU//dsm3 (air free) were applied to all wells in Table 19 that are noted to be venting mixed casing and solution gas.
Based on the above, odour emissions for each well were estimated by multiplying oil production times the applied GOR times the applicable odour strength.
56
Tab
le 2
2.O
dour
sam
ple
resu
lts a
nd o
dour
stre
ngth
of s
ampl
es e
xpre
ssed
in te
rms o
f dry
air
free
ven
ted
solu
tion
gas o
r m
ixed
cas
ing
and
solu
tion
gas.
Pad
Wel
lSa
mpl
e ID
DT
1C
omm
ent
Odo
ur
Sam
ple
Dat
e
CE
L
Sam
ple
Dat
e
% H2O @ 20C
Air
Fr
actio
n in
Sam
ple
Cor
rect
ed
OU
/dsm
3
(air
free
)
Ave
rage
O
U/d
sm3
(air
Fr
ee)
Max
O
U/d
sm3
(Air
Fre
e)A
pplic
atio
n
08-2
110
0/09
-15-
79-2
0W5
9-15
-79-
20-1
A26
99
Sam
ple
is
solu
tion
gas.
27-F
eb-1
31-
Mar
-13
2.46
%0.
968
8647
154
176
8647
1A
pply
to a
ll w
ells
in
Tabl
e 19
with
a N
in
Col
umn
4.
08-2
110
0/09
-15-
79-2
0W5
9-15
-79-
20-1
B24
7527
-Feb
-13
1-M
ar-1
32.
46%
0.96
879
295
13-1
4S10
0/14
-21-
79-2
0W5
100-
14-
21-1
A41
6127
-Feb
-13
4-M
ar-1
32.
46%
0.85
729
831
13-1
4S10
0/14
-21-
79-2
0W5
100-
14-
21-1
B29
4427
-Feb
-13
4-M
ar-1
32.
46%
0.85
721
107
05-3
210
0/04
-06-
80-2
0W5
100-
04-
06-8
0-1A
3209
Sam
ple
incl
udes
ca
sing
and
so
lutio
n ga
s.
27-F
eb-1
328
-Feb
-13
2.46
%0.
089
3611
6247
9069
App
ly to
all
wel
ls in
Ta
ble
19w
ith a
Y in
C
olum
n 4.
05-3
210
0/04
-06-
80-2
0W5
100-
04-
06-8
0-1B
4161
27-F
eb-1
328
-Feb
-13
2.46
%0.
089
4683
02-0
110
2/07
-31-
79-2
0W5
102-
7-31
-2A
4538
27-F
eb-1
35-
Mar
-13
2.46
%0.
487
9069
02-0
110
2/07
-31-
79-2
0W5
102-
7-31
-1B
3815
27-F
eb-1
35-
Mar
-13
2.46
%0.
487
7625
1.D
etec
tion
thre
shol
d (D
T) e
xpre
ssed
in o
dour
uni
ts (O
U/s
m3 ) o
f sam
ple
expo
sed
to o
dour
pan
el a
s rep
orte
d by
RW
DI.
57
5.5 EMISSION INVENTORY DATA FILEGas composition and combustion equipment performance measurements specific to the Baytex Reno Field were used to develop applicable emission factors for all emission sources. The development of these emission factors is discussed in Section 4.4. The developed emission factors were used to create an emissions data file that is source specific and suitable for air quality assessments. The data file is referenced as Baytex Reno Field Emission Inventory February 2013_June 252013.xlsx. (Baytex Data 2013)
58
6 CONCLUSIONS
An emissions inventory of the Baytex Reno Field was completed based on field measurements to assess and characterize combustion source and production tank emissions. The inventory included all 23 production pads with 41 production wells, the water injection or disposal well and the gas plant. Two pads including four well are noted to be shut in and zero emissions were assigned to these pads.
Field measurements included sampling and analyzing casing and solution gas and mixtures of the two as released from tank vents. Measurements were conducted at ten different pads in 2013. In 2012, two pads were sampled and analyzed using the same methodology and these results are used in the development of the inventory. Tank vent gas flow rates were measure and corrected to dry, air-free flow rates for purposes of calculating vent gas to oil ratios and field emissions.
Lift pump and compressor engines and tank heaters were tested for combustion efficiency and residual emissions. These assessments included fuel and flue gas sampling and analyses and the completion of multi-component material balances to determine site specific combustion efficiencies, air to fuel ratios and emission factors. Over 160 compounds were identified, quantified and included in this assessment. The applicable calculated emission factors were applied to all combustion sources. Published emission factors for NOx, CO and PM2.5, were applied to all engine, heater, flare and incinerator emission sources.
In addition, semi-volatile compound sampling was completed for compressor engines and for tank vents. The analytical protocol included the quantification of 40 different compounds in this category. Results were converted to appropriate emissions factors for engine and tank emissions sources and applied in the development of the inventory.
Samples of vent gases were collected for odour determination by RWDI. The raw data was provided to Clearstone and the results were processed to express the odour strength of each sample on a dry air-free basis.
The Reno Field emission inventory developed for air quality modeling by RWDI was based on the flue and vent gas emission profiles determined by Clearstone, calculated fuel consumption for each combustion device using February 2013 average daily production data provided by Baytex and an average GOR of 51 dm3 air-free vent gas per m3 of oil production specified by Baytex. This GOR compares favourably with the average GOR of the production locations tested by Clearstone where the vent gas included casing and solution gas. The value would be considered high for those locations where solution gas only was vented form the production tanks.
The developed emission factors were expressed as mass emission per cubic meter of fuel consumed for combustion devices and mass emission per cubic meter of dry air-free vented gas.The complete emission inventory includes source specific emissions for each point source type at each location. All emissions were expressed in grams per second. Supporting tables relevant to
59
the development of the emissions inventory are included in this report and the inventory is compiled in a data file (Baytex Reno 2013) for application in air dispersion modeling.
60
7 REFERENCES
USEPA, AP-42 AP 42, Fifth Edition, Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, Volume 1: Stationary Point and Area Sources http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/.
Baytex Reno 2013, Emission inventory data file for the Baytex Reno Field developed by Clearstone Engineering Ltd., Baytex Reno Field Emission Inventory February 2013_June252013.xlsx, June 25, 2013.
61
8A
PP
EN
DIX
A-
DE
TA
ILE
D S
AM
PL
E R
ESU
LT
S
Tab
le 2
3. S
umm
ary
of th
e ai
r in
ven
t gas
and
air
-fre
e dr
y m
ole
frac
tion
com
posit
ion
prof
iles
of g
as v
ente
d fr
om p
rodu
ctio
n ta
nks
in th
e B
ayte
x R
eno
Fiel
dw
hen
casi
ng g
as a
nd s
olut
ion
gas
are
hand
led
in p
rodu
ctio
n ta
nks
base
d on
sam
ples
in F
ebru
ary
2013
and
Ju
ly 2
012.
Nam
eC
ompo
und
Pad
10-1
2Pa
d 2-
1Pa
d 9-
15E
Pad
15-3
6Pa
d 5-
32Pa
d 8-
29Pa
d 9-
21N
Pad
10-1
2Pa
d 8-
31W
Feb
2013
Feb
2013
Feb
2013
Feb
2013
Feb
2013
Feb
2013
Feb
2013
July
201
2Ju
ly 2
012
Air
in S
ampl
e11
.1%
48.7
%1.
5%34
.7%
8.9%
0.8%
1.4%
6.1%
24.8
%N
itrog
enN
20.
0000
000.
0000
000.
1099
310.
0154
810.
0063
650.
0045
590.
0102
760.
0105
130.
0294
31H
ydro
gen
Sulp
hide
H2S
0.00
0000
0.00
0003
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Car
bon
Dio
xide
CO
20.
0240
870.
0429
000.
0549
490.
0333
280.
0339
260.
0387
080.
0415
660.
0327
280.
0208
97M
etha
neC
H4
0.96
7815
0.94
9652
0.83
2467
0.94
7227
0.95
1436
0.95
0527
0.94
4006
0.94
4299
0.94
0367
Etha
neC
2H6
0.00
2864
0.00
2418
0.00
1366
0.00
1740
0.00
2012
0.00
3791
0.00
2923
0.00
2510
0.00
1799
Prop
ane
C3H
80.
0026
370.
0005
540.
0001
860.
0003
320.
0004
150.
0002
910.
0002
050.
0002
190.
0002
99B
utan
eC
4H10
0.00
0099
0.00
0315
0.00
0080
0.00
0132
0.00
0240
0.00
0149
0.00
0055
0.00
0167
0.00
0154
Isob
utan
eC
4H10
0.00
0175
0.00
0491
0.00
0072
0.00
0205
0.00
0279
0.00
0184
0.00
0071
0.00
0233
0.00
0339
Pent
ane
C5H
120.
0000
970.
0002
630.
0000
320.
0000
620.
0002
880.
0001
210.
0000
480.
0002
740.
0002
47
Isop
enta
neC
5H12
0.00
0349
0.00
0934
0.00
0110
0.00
0241
0.00
0616
0.00
0239
0.00
0114
0.00
0645
0.00
0805
Hex
ane
C6H
140.
0001
040.
0002
420.
0000
160.
0000
550.
0004
790.
0000
880.
0000
210.
0005
950.
0004
55B
enze
neC
6H6
0.00
0001
0.00
0000
0.00
0001
0.00
0001
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Hep
tane
C7H
160.
0000
310.
0000
280.
0000
040.
0000
090.
0001
070.
0000
210.
0000
020.
0002
650.
0000
791,
2,3-
Trim
ethy
lben
zene
C9H
120.
0000
020.
0000
000.
0000
050.
0000
010.
0000
020.
0000
030.
0000
010.
0000
140.
0000
09
1,2,
4-Tr
imet
hylb
enze
neC
9H12
0.00
0003
0.00
0001
0.00
0023
0.00
0002
0.00
0003
0.00
0004
0.00
0001
0.00
0022
0.00
0016
1,3,
5-Tr
imet
hylb
enze
neC
9H12
0.00
0002
0.00
0000
0.00
0009
0.00
0001
0.00
0002
0.00
0002
0.00
0000
0.00
0010
0.00
0007
1,3-
But
adie
neC
4H6
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
1-Bu
tene
C4H
80.
0000
000.
0000
010.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
001-
Hex
ene
C6H
120.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00
1-H
exen
e, 3
,4,5
-trim
ethy
l-C
9H18
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
1-Pe
nten
eC
5H10
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
2,2,
4-Tr
imet
hylp
enta
neC
8H18
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0002
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
2,2-
Dim
ethy
lbut
ane
C6H
140.
0000
190.
0000
590.
0000
260.
0000
260.
0000
480.
0000
330.
0000
120.
0000
650.
0000
51
62
Tab
le 2
3. S
umm
ary
of th
e ai
r in
ven
t gas
and
air
-fre
e dr
y m
ole
frac
tion
com
posit
ion
prof
iles
of g
as v
ente
d fr
om p
rodu
ctio
n ta
nks
in th
e B
ayte
x R
eno
Fiel
dw
hen
casi
ng g
as a
nd s
olut
ion
gas
are
hand
led
in p
rodu
ctio
n ta
nks
base
d on
sam
ples
in F
ebru
ary
2013
and
Ju
ly 2
012.
Nam
eC
ompo
und
Pad
10-1
2Pa
d 2-
1Pa
d 9-
15E
Pad
15-3
6Pa
d 5-
32Pa
d 8-
29Pa
d 9-
21N
Pad
10-1
2Pa
d 8-
31W
Feb
2013
Feb
2013
Feb
2013
Feb
2013
Feb
2013
Feb
2013
Feb
2013
July
201
2Ju
ly 2
012
2,3,
4-Tr
imet
hylp
enta
neC
8H18
0.00
0007
0.00
0009
0.00
0005
0.00
0008
0.00
0018
0.00
0009
0.00
0003
0.00
0026
0.00
0021
2,3-
Dim
ethy
lbut
ane
C6H
140.
0000
680.
0001
280.
0000
330.
0000
350.
0001
720.
0000
780.
0000
300.
0002
130.
0001
61
2,3-
Dim
ethy
lpen
tane
C7H
160.
0000
670.
0000
720.
0000
250.
0000
270.
0001
590.
0000
640.
0000
190.
0002
390.
0001
512,
4-D
imet
hylp
enta
neC
7H16
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
2,5-
dim
ethy
l Thi
ophe
neC
6H8S
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
2-et
hyl T
hiop
hene
C6H
8S0.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
002H
-Pyr
an, t
etra
hydr
o-C
5H10
O0.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00
2-m
ethy
l Thi
ophe
neC
5H6S
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0001
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0001
2-M
ethy
lhep
tane
C8H
180.
0000
180.
0000
200.
0000
000.
0000
080.
0000
770.
0000
170.
0000
030.
0000
950.
0000
74
2-M
ethy
lhex
ane
C7H
160.
0000
710.
0001
080.
0000
130.
0000
310.
0002
880.
0000
530.
0000
100.
0002
830.
0002
992-
Met
hylp
enta
neC
6H14
0.00
0255
0.00
0458
0.00
0049
0.00
0105
0.00
0687
0.00
0140
0.00
0047
0.00
0877
0.00
0825
2-pr
opyl
thio
phen
eC
7H10
S0.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
003-
buty
l thi
ophe
ne(b
lank
)0.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
010.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
003-
met
hyl T
hiop
hene
C5H
6S0.
0000
000.
0000
010.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
020.
0000
010.
0000
000.
0000
010.
0000
01
3-M
ethy
lhep
tane
C8H
180.
0000
280.
0000
300.
0000
070.
0000
130.
0001
310.
0000
270.
0000
040.
0001
120.
0001
523-
Met
hylh
exan
eC
7H16
0.00
0136
0.00
0164
0.00
0029
0.00
0050
0.00
0391
0.00
0068
0.00
0017
0.00
0447
0.00
0415
3-M
ethy
lpen
tane
C6H
140.
0001
910.
0003
390.
0000
420.
0000
850.
0005
470.
0001
260.
0000
410.
0006
670.
0005
54A
cety
lene
C2H
20.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00A
llyl s
ulph
ide
C6H
10S
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0001
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0001
0.00
0000
But
ane,
2,2
,3-tr
imet
hyl-
C7H
160.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00B
utyl
mer
capt
anC
4H10
S0.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00
But
yl su
lphi
deC
8H18
S0.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00C
arbo
n di
sulp
hide
CS2
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Car
bon
mon
oxid
eC
O0.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00C
arbo
nyl s
ulph
ide
CO
S0.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00C
hlor
oben
zene
-d5
C6D
5Cl
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
cis-
2-B
uten
eC
4H8
0.00
0000
0.00
0001
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0001
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
63
Tab
le 2
3. S
umm
ary
of th
e ai
r in
ven
t gas
and
air
-fre
e dr
y m
ole
frac
tion
com
posit
ion
prof
iles
of g
as v
ente
d fr
om p
rodu
ctio
n ta
nks
in th
e B
ayte
x R
eno
Fiel
dw
hen
casi
ng g
as a
nd s
olut
ion
gas
are
hand
led
in p
rodu
ctio
n ta
nks
base
d on
sam
ples
in F
ebru
ary
2013
and
Ju
ly 2
012.
Nam
eC
ompo
und
Pad
10-1
2Pa
d 2-
1Pa
d 9-
15E
Pad
15-3
6Pa
d 5-
32Pa
d 8-
29Pa
d 9-
21N
Pad
10-1
2Pa
d 8-
31W
Feb
2013
Feb
2013
Feb
2013
Feb
2013
Feb
2013
Feb
2013
Feb
2013
July
201
2Ju
ly 2
012
cis-
2-Pe
nten
eC
5H10
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Cyc
lohe
xane
C6H
120.
0002
100.
0002
300.
0001
210.
0000
940.
0003
230.
0002
030.
0001
400.
0008
260.
0003
50
Cyc
lohe
xane
, 1,1
,3-tr
imet
hyl-
C9H
180.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0001
02C
yclo
hexa
ne, 1
,1-d
imet
hyl-
C8H
160.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
19
Cyc
lohe
xane
, 1,2
-dim
ethy
l-, tr
ans-
C8H
160.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
770.
0000
49C
yclo
hexa
ne, 1
,3-d
imet
hyl-,
cis
-C
8H16
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0107
0.00
0084
Cyc
lohe
xane
, 1,3
-dim
ethy
l-, tr
ans-
C8H
160.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00
Cyc
lohe
xane
, 1,4
-dim
ethy
l-C
8H16
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0019
Cyc
lohe
xane
, 1,4
-dim
ethy
l-, c
is-
C8H
160.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
230.
0000
00
Cyc
lohe
xane
, eth
yl-
C8H
160.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
940.
0000
80C
yclo
pent
ane
C5H
100.
0000
450.
0000
540.
0000
320.
0000
210.
0000
510.
0000
910.
0000
360.
0001
350.
0000
53
Cyc
lope
ntan
e, 1
,1,2
-trim
ethy
l-C
8H16
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Cyc
lope
ntan
e, 1
,1-d
imet
hyl-
C7H
140.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00C
yclo
pent
ane,
1,2
,3-tr
imet
hyl-,
(1.a
lpha
C8H
160.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00
Cyc
lope
ntan
e, 1
,2-d
imet
hyl-,
cis
-C
7H14
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0091
0.00
0060
Cyc
lope
ntan
e, 1
,2-d
imet
hyl-,
tran
s-C
7H14
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Cyc
lope
ntan
e, 1
,3-d
imet
hyl-
C7H
140.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
800.
0000
53C
yclo
pent
ane,
1,3
-dim
ethy
l-, c
is-
C7H
140.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00C
yclo
pent
ane,
1,3
-dim
ethy
l-, tr
ans-
C7H
140.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00
Cyc
lope
ntan
e, 1
-eth
yl-3
-met
hyl-
C8H
160.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00C
yclo
pent
ane,
1-m
ethy
l-3-(1
-met
hyle
thyl
)C
9H18
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Cyc
lope
ntan
e, e
thyl
-C
7H14
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0065
0.00
0045
Dec
ane
C10
H22
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0001
0.00
0000
0.00
0004
0.00
0000
Dim
ethy
l dis
ulph
ide
C2H
6S2
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Dim
ethy
l sul
phid
eC
2H6S
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0001
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Dim
ethy
l tris
ulph
ide
C2H
6S3
0.00
0002
0.00
0001
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0003
0.00
0001
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Dod
ecan
eC
12H
260.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00
64
Tab
le 2
3. S
umm
ary
of th
e ai
r in
ven
t gas
and
air
-fre
e dr
y m
ole
frac
tion
com
posit
ion
prof
iles
of g
as v
ente
d fr
om p
rodu
ctio
n ta
nks
in th
e B
ayte
x R
eno
Fiel
dw
hen
casi
ng g
as a
nd s
olut
ion
gas
are
hand
led
in p
rodu
ctio
n ta
nks
base
d on
sam
ples
in F
ebru
ary
2013
and
Ju
ly 2
012.
Nam
eC
ompo
und
Pad
10-1
2Pa
d 2-
1Pa
d 9-
15E
Pad
15-3
6Pa
d 5-
32Pa
d 8-
29Pa
d 9-
21N
Pad
10-1
2Pa
d 8-
31W
Feb
2013
Feb
2013
Feb
2013
Feb
2013
Feb
2013
Feb
2013
Feb
2013
July
201
2Ju
ly 2
012
Ethy
l ben
zene
C8H
100.
0000
120.
0000
050.
0000
040.
0000
040.
0000
090.
0000
120.
0000
020.
0000
530.
0000
20Et
hyl m
erca
ptan
C2H
6S0.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00
Ethy
l met
hyl s
ulph
ide
C3H
8S0.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00Et
hyl s
ulph
ide
C4H
10S
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Ethy
lace
tyle
neC
4H6
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Ethy
lene
C2H
40.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00H
epty
l mer
capt
anC
7H16
S0.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00
Hex
ane,
2,3
-dim
ethy
l-C
8H18
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Hex
ane,
2,4
-dim
ethy
l-C
8H18
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0030
0.00
0023
Hex
ane,
2,5
-dim
ethy
l-C
8H18
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Hex
yl m
erca
ptan
C6H
14S
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Isob
utyl
mer
capt
anC
4H10
S0.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00Is
obut
ylen
eC
4H8
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Isop
rene
C5H
80.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00
Isop
ropy
l mer
capt
anC
3H8S
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Isop
ropy
lben
zene
C9H
120.
0000
020.
0000
000.
0000
020.
0000
010.
0000
000.
0000
030.
0000
000.
0000
110.
0000
06
m,p
-Xyl
ene
C8H
100.
0000
200.
0000
060.
0000
060.
0000
060.
0000
170.
0000
150.
0000
010.
0001
010.
0000
39m
-Die
thyl
benz
ene
C10
H14
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0001
0.00
0001
0.00
0000
0.00
0001
0.00
0000
0.00
0003
0.00
0002
Met
hyl m
erca
ptan
CH
4S0.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00
Met
hylc
yclo
hexa
neC
7H14
0.00
0328
0.00
0291
0.00
0147
0.00
0142
0.00
0557
0.00
0204
0.00
0134
0.00
1443
0.00
0800
Met
hylc
yclo
pent
ane
C6H
120.
0001
510.
0002
010.
0000
580.
0000
640.
0002
990.
0001
310.
0000
780.
0005
760.
0002
90
m-E
thyl
tolu
ene
C9H
120.
0000
030.
0000
000.
0000
200.
0000
010.
0000
040.
0000
040.
0000
000.
0000
200.
0000
15N
onan
eC
9H20
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0001
0.00
0003
0.00
0002
0.00
0000
0.00
0009
0.00
0000
n-Pr
opyl
benz
ene
C9H
120.
0000
020.
0000
000.
0000
070.
0000
010.
0000
030.
0000
040.
0000
010.
0000
140.
0000
08O
ctan
eC
8H18
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Oct
yl m
erca
ptan
C8H
18S
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
o-Et
hylto
luen
eC
9H12
0.00
0002
0.00
0000
0.00
0007
0.00
0001
0.00
0003
0.00
0003
0.00
0000
0.00
0015
0.00
0011
65
Tab
le 2
3. S
umm
ary
of th
e ai
r in
ven
t gas
and
air
-fre
e dr
y m
ole
frac
tion
com
posit
ion
prof
iles
of g
as v
ente
d fr
om p
rodu
ctio
n ta
nks
in th
e B
ayte
x R
eno
Fiel
dw
hen
casi
ng g
as a
nd s
olut
ion
gas
are
hand
led
in p
rodu
ctio
n ta
nks
base
d on
sam
ples
in F
ebru
ary
2013
and
Ju
ly 2
012.
Nam
eC
ompo
und
Pad
10-1
2Pa
d 2-
1Pa
d 9-
15E
Pad
15-3
6Pa
d 5-
32Pa
d 8-
29Pa
d 9-
21N
Pad
10-1
2Pa
d 8-
31W
Feb
2013
Feb
2013
Feb
2013
Feb
2013
Feb
2013
Feb
2013
Feb
2013
July
201
2Ju
ly 2
012
o-X
ylen
eC
8H10
0.00
0006
0.00
0002
0.00
0004
0.00
0003
0.00
0006
0.00
0006
0.00
0001
0.00
0035
0.00
0015
p-D
ieth
ylbe
nzen
eC
10H
140.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
020.
0000
010.
0000
000.
0000
010.
0000
000.
0000
080.
0000
00
Pent
ane,
2,2
,3,4
-tetra
met
hyl-
C9H
200.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00Pe
ntan
e, 2
,4-d
imet
hyl-
C7H
160.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00
Pent
yl m
erca
ptan
C5H
12S
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
p-Et
hylto
luen
eC
9H12
0.00
0002
0.00
0000
0.00
0009
0.00
0001
0.00
0002
0.00
0002
0.00
0000
0.00
0010
0.00
0005
Prop
ane,
2,2
-dim
ethy
l-C
5H12
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Prop
yl m
erca
ptan
C3H
8S0.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00Pr
opyl
ene
C3H
60.
0000
000.
0000
040.
0000
010.
0000
020.
0000
010.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00
Prop
yne
C3H
40.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0001
140.
0000
000.
0000
00se
c-B
utyl
mer
capt
anC
4H10
S0.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00
Styr
ene
C8H
80.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00Su
lphu
r dio
xide
S02
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
tert-
But
yl m
erca
ptan
C4H
10S
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
tert-
Pent
yl m
erca
ptan
C5H
12S
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Tetra
hydr
o th
ioph
ene
C4H
8S0.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00
Thio
phen
eC
4H4S
0.00
0000
0.00
0002
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0003
0.00
0001
0.00
0000
0.00
0002
0.00
0002
Tolu
ene
C7H
80.
0000
820.
0000
060.
0000
930.
0004
440.
0000
090.
0000
090.
0000
030.
0005
420.
0001
10tra
ns-2
-But
ene
C4H
80.
0000
000.
0000
020.
0000
010.
0000
010.
0000
040.
0000
000.
0000
120.
0000
000.
0000
00
trans
-2-P
ente
neC
5H10
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Und
ecan
eC
11H
240.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00
Unk
now
n Su
lphu
r (M
W=3
2)(b
lank
)0.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
010.
0000
00U
nkno
wn
Sulp
hurs
(MW
=32)
(bla
nk)
0.00
0006
0.00
0003
0.00
0003
0.00
0002
0.00
0009
0.00
0005
0.00
0002
0.00
0104
0.00
0130
Unr
esol
ved
Hyd
roca
rbon
s (C1
0+)
(bla
nk)
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Tota
l1.
0000
001.
0000
001.
0000
001.
0000
001.
0000
001.
0000
001.
0000
001.
0000
001.
0000
00
66
Tab
le 2
4.
Sum
mar
y of
the
air
in
vent
gas
and
air
-fre
e dr
y m
ole
frac
tion
com
posi
tion
prof
iles
of g
as v
ente
d fr
om p
rodu
ctio
n ta
nks
in t
he B
ayte
x R
eno
Fiel
d w
hen
solu
tion
gas
only
is h
andl
ed in
pro
duct
ion
tank
s ba
sed
on sa
mpl
es in
Feb
ruar
y 20
13.
Nam
eC
ompo
und
Pad
13-1
4Pa
d 8-
21Pa
d 8-
31E
Air
in S
ampl
e85
.7%
96.8
%69
.0%
Nitr
ogen
N2
0.32
2631
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Hyd
roge
n Su
lphi
deH
2S0.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00C
arbo
n D
ioxi
deC
O2
0.13
8700
0.15
1104
0.05
0302
Met
hane
CH
40.
4800
050.
7966
720.
9360
78
Etha
neC
2H6
0.00
2658
0.00
4280
0.00
2722
Prop
ane
C3H
80.
0008
570.
0014
220.
0007
43
But
ane
C4H
100.
0017
210.
0013
500.
0004
48Is
obut
ane
C4H
100.
0015
690.
0008
580.
0006
71Pe
ntan
eC
5H12
0.00
2179
0.00
0915
0.00
0446
Isop
enta
neC
5H12
0.00
7625
0.00
2397
0.00
1089
Hex
ane
C6H
140.
0014
310.
0004
580.
0005
13
Ben
zene
C6H
60.
0000
320.
0000
000.
0000
00H
epta
neC
7H16
0.00
0285
0.00
0132
0.00
0075
1,2,
3-Tr
imet
hylb
enze
neC
9H12
0.00
0007
0.00
0068
0.00
0005
1,2,
4-Tr
imet
hylb
enze
neC
9H12
0.00
0010
0.00
0060
0.00
0012
1,3,
5-Tr
imet
hylb
enze
neC
9H12
0.00
0007
0.00
0032
0.00
0005
1,3-
But
adie
neC
4H6
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
1-Bu
tene
C4H
80.
0000
010.
0000
000.
0000
00
1-H
exen
eC
6H12
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
1-H
exen
e, 3
,4,5
-trim
ethy
l-C
9H18
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
1-Pe
nten
eC
5H10
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
2,2,
4-Tr
imet
hylp
enta
neC
8H18
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
2,2-
Dim
ethy
lbut
ane
C6H
140.
0008
860.
0008
030.
0000
69
2,3,
4-Tr
imet
hylp
enta
neC
8H18
0.00
0220
0.00
0311
0.00
0027
2,3-
Dim
ethy
lbut
ane
C6H
140.
0024
040.
0018
140.
0002
13
2,3-
Dim
ethy
lpen
tane
C7H
160.
0019
530.
0015
640.
0001
71
67
Tab
le 2
4.
Sum
mar
y of
the
air
in
vent
gas
and
air
-fre
e dr
y m
ole
frac
tion
com
posi
tion
prof
iles
of g
as v
ente
d fr
om p
rodu
ctio
n ta
nks
in t
he B
ayte
x R
eno
Fiel
d w
hen
solu
tion
gas
only
is h
andl
ed in
pro
duct
ion
tank
s ba
sed
on sa
mpl
es in
Feb
ruar
y 20
13.
Nam
eC
ompo
und
Pad
13-1
4Pa
d 8-
21Pa
d 8-
31E
2,4-
Dim
ethy
lpen
tane
C7H
160.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
002,
5-di
met
hyl T
hiop
hene
C6H
8S0.
0000
030.
0000
060.
0000
00
2-et
hyl T
hiop
hene
C6H
8S0.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
002H
-Pyr
an, t
etra
hydr
o-C
5H10
O0.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
002-
met
hyl T
hiop
hene
C5H
6S0.
0000
040.
0000
040.
0000
02
2-M
ethy
lhep
tane
C8H
180.
0002
640.
0001
950.
0000
652-
Met
hylh
exan
eC
7H16
0.00
0864
0.00
0398
0.00
0273
2-M
ethy
lpen
tane
C6H
140.
0036
670.
0013
140.
0008
532-
prop
yl th
ioph
ene
C7H
10S
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
3-bu
tyl t
hiop
hene
(bla
nk)
0.00
0001
0.00
0006
0.00
0001
3-m
ethy
l Thi
ophe
neC
5H6S
0.00
0014
0.00
0020
0.00
0003
3-M
ethy
lhep
tane
C8H
180.
0003
170.
0003
170.
0001
23
3-M
ethy
lhex
ane
C7H
160.
0018
590.
0009
420.
0004
133-
Met
hylp
enta
neC
6H14
0.00
3435
0.00
1416
0.00
0640
Ace
tyle
neC
2H2
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Ally
l sul
phid
eC
6H10
S0.
0000
030.
0000
060.
0000
02B
utan
e, 2
,2,3
-trim
ethy
l-C
7H16
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
But
yl m
erca
ptan
C4H
10S
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
But
yl su
lphi
deC
8H18
S0.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00
Car
bon
disu
lphi
deC
S20.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00C
arbo
n m
onox
ide
CO
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Car
bony
l sul
phid
eC
OS
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Chl
orob
enze
ne-d
5C
6D5C
l0.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00ci
s-2-
But
ene
C4H
80.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00
cis-
2-Pe
nten
eC
5H10
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Cyc
lohe
xane
C6H
120.
0079
150.
0109
300.
0004
83
Cyc
lohe
xane
, 1,1
,3-tr
imet
hyl-
C9H
180.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00
68
Tab
le 2
4.
Sum
mar
y of
the
air
in
vent
gas
and
air
-fre
e dr
y m
ole
frac
tion
com
posi
tion
prof
iles
of g
as v
ente
d fr
om p
rodu
ctio
n ta
nks
in t
he B
ayte
x R
eno
Fiel
d w
hen
solu
tion
gas
only
is h
andl
ed in
pro
duct
ion
tank
s ba
sed
on sa
mpl
es in
Feb
ruar
y 20
13.
Nam
eC
ompo
und
Pad
13-1
4Pa
d 8-
21Pa
d 8-
31E
Cyc
lohe
xane
, 1,1
-dim
ethy
l-C
8H16
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Cyc
lohe
xane
, 1,2
-dim
ethy
l-, tr
ans-
C8H
160.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00
Cyc
lohe
xane
, 1,3
-dim
ethy
l-, c
is-
C8H
160.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00C
yclo
hexa
ne, 1
,3-d
imet
hyl-,
tran
s-C
8H16
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Cyc
lohe
xane
, 1,4
-dim
ethy
l-C
8H16
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Cyc
lohe
xane
, 1,4
-dim
ethy
l-, c
is-
C8H
160.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00C
yclo
hexa
ne, e
thyl
-C
8H16
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Cyc
lope
ntan
eC
5H10
0.00
2004
0.00
2077
0.00
0096
Cyc
lope
ntan
e, 1
,1,2
-trim
ethy
l-C
8H16
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Cyc
lope
ntan
e, 1
,1-d
imet
hyl-
C7H
140.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00
Cyc
lope
ntan
e, 1
,2,3
-trim
ethy
l-, (1
.alp
haC
8H16
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Cyc
lope
ntan
e, 1
,2-d
imet
hyl-,
cis
-C
7H14
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Cyc
lope
ntan
e, 1
,2-d
imet
hyl-,
tran
s-C
7H14
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Cyc
lope
ntan
e, 1
,3-d
imet
hyl-
C7H
140.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00
Cyc
lope
ntan
e, 1
,3-d
imet
hyl-,
cis-
C7H
140.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00C
yclo
pent
ane,
1,3
-dim
ethy
l-, tr
ans-
C7H
140.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00C
yclo
pent
ane,
1-e
thyl
-3-m
ethy
l-C
8H16
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Cyc
lope
ntan
e, 1
-met
hyl-3
-(1-m
ethy
leth
yl)
C9H
180.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00C
yclo
pent
ane,
eth
yl-
C7H
140.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00
Dec
ane
C10
H22
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Dim
ethy
l dis
ulph
ide
C2H
6S2
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Dim
ethy
l sul
phid
eC
2H6S
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Dim
ethy
l tris
ulph
ide
C2H
6S3
0.00
0010
0.00
0020
0.00
0005
Dod
ecan
eC
12H
260.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00
Ethy
l ben
zene
C8H
100.
0001
230.
0002
190.
0000
18Et
hyl m
erca
ptan
C2H
6S0.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00
Ethy
l met
hyl s
ulph
ide
C3H
8S0.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00
69
Tab
le 2
4.
Sum
mar
y of
the
air
in
vent
gas
and
air
-fre
e dr
y m
ole
frac
tion
com
posi
tion
prof
iles
of g
as v
ente
d fr
om p
rodu
ctio
n ta
nks
in t
he B
ayte
x R
eno
Fiel
d w
hen
solu
tion
gas
only
is h
andl
ed in
pro
duct
ion
tank
s ba
sed
on sa
mpl
es in
Feb
ruar
y 20
13.
Nam
eC
ompo
und
Pad
13-1
4Pa
d 8-
21Pa
d 8-
31E
Ethy
l sul
phid
eC
4H10
S0.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00Et
hyla
cety
lene
C4H
60.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00
Ethy
lene
C2H
40.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00H
epty
l mer
capt
anC
7H16
S0.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00H
exan
e, 2
,3-d
imet
hyl-
C8H
180.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00
Hex
ane,
2,4
-dim
ethy
l-C
8H18
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Hex
ane,
2,5
-dim
ethy
l-C
8H18
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Hex
yl m
erca
ptan
C6H
14S
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Isob
utyl
mer
capt
anC
4H10
S0.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00Is
obut
ylen
eC
4H8
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Isop
rene
C5H
80.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00Is
opro
pyl m
erca
ptan
C3H
8S0.
0000
010.
0000
000.
0000
00
Isop
ropy
lben
zene
C9H
120.
0000
270.
0000
000.
0000
00m
,p-X
ylen
eC
8H10
0.00
0088
0.00
0117
0.00
0027
m-D
ieth
ylbe
nzen
eC
10H
140.
0000
000.
0000
500.
0000
00M
ethy
l mer
capt
anC
H4S
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Met
hylc
yclo
hexa
neC
7H14
0.00
8787
0.01
0271
0.00
0740
Met
hylc
yclo
pent
ane
C6H
120.
0048
800.
0044
110.
0004
23m
-Eth
ylto
luen
eC
9H12
0.00
0009
0.00
0034
0.00
0012
Non
ane
C9H
200.
0000
000.
0000
700.
0000
00n-
Prop
ylbe
nzen
eC
9H12
0.00
0018
0.00
0069
0.00
0008
Oct
ane
C8H
180.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00
Oct
yl m
erca
ptan
C8H
18S
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
o-Et
hylto
luen
eC
9H12
0.00
0009
0.00
0043
0.00
0007
o-X
ylen
eC
8H10
0.00
0041
0.00
0070
0.00
0011
p-D
ieth
ylbe
nzen
eC
10H
140.
0000
000.
0000
500.
0000
00
Pent
ane,
2,2
,3,4
-tetra
met
hyl-
C9H
200.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00
70
Tab
le 2
4.
Sum
mar
y of
the
air
in
vent
gas
and
air
-fre
e dr
y m
ole
frac
tion
com
posi
tion
prof
iles
of g
as v
ente
d fr
om p
rodu
ctio
n ta
nks
in t
he B
ayte
x R
eno
Fiel
d w
hen
solu
tion
gas
only
is h
andl
ed in
pro
duct
ion
tank
s ba
sed
on sa
mpl
es in
Feb
ruar
y 20
13.
Nam
eC
ompo
und
Pad
13-1
4Pa
d 8-
21Pa
d 8-
31E
Pent
ane,
2,4
-dim
ethy
l-C
7H16
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Pent
yl m
erca
ptan
C5H
12S
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
p-Et
hylto
luen
eC
9H12
0.00
0005
0.00
0022
0.00
0006
Prop
ane,
2,2
-dim
ethy
l-C
5H12
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Prop
yl m
erca
ptan
C3H
8S0.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00
Prop
ylen
eC
3H6
0.00
0005
0.00
0000
0.00
0001
Prop
yne
C3H
40.
0000
000.
0019
290.
0020
95
sec-
But
yl m
erca
ptan
C4H
10S
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Styr
ene
C8H
80.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00Su
lphu
r dio
xide
S02
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
tert-
But
yl m
erca
ptan
C4H
10S
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
tert-
Pent
yl m
erca
ptan
C5H
12S
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Tetra
hydr
o th
ioph
ene
C4H
8S0.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00Th
ioph
ene
C4H
4S0.
0000
140.
0000
190.
0000
07
Tolu
ene
C7H
80.
0003
990.
0000
740.
0000
64tra
ns-2
-But
ene
C4H
80.
0000
060.
0004
590.
0000
07tra
ns-2
-Pen
tene
C5H
100.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00
Und
ecan
eC
11H
240.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00U
nkno
wn
Sulp
hur (
MW
=32)
(bla
nk)
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Unk
now
n Su
lphu
rs (M
W=3
2)(b
lank
)0.
0000
460.
0002
020.
0000
22U
nres
olve
d H
ydro
carb
ons (
C10
+)(b
lank
)0.
0000
000.
0000
000.
0000
00To
tal
01.
0000
001.
0000
001.
0000
00
71
Tab
le 2
5.Su
mm
ary
of t
he a
ir in
sam
ple
and
air-
free
dry
mol
e fr
actio
n co
mpo
sitio
n pr
ofile
s of
gas
flar
ed fr
om p
rodu
ctio
n ta
nks
in t
he
Bay
tex
Ren
o Fi
eld.
Nam
eC
ompo
und
Pad
4-23
Pad
9-21
SEA
ir in
Sam
ple
0.6%
0.4%
Nitr
ogen
N2
0.00
4092
0.00
4690
Hyd
roge
n Su
lphi
deH
2S0.
0000
000.
0000
01
Car
bon
Dio
xide
CO
20.
0514
900.
0884
75M
etha
neC
H4
0.92
8667
0.88
9683
Etha
neC
2H6
0.00
4465
0.00
6063
Prop
ane
C3H
80.
0003
860.
0008
69B
utan
eC
4H10
0.00
0453
0.00
0677
Isob
utan
eC
4H10
0.00
0575
0.00
0681
Pent
ane
C5H
120.
0007
480.
0005
81
Isop
enta
neC
5H12
0.00
1675
0.00
1600
Hex
ane
C6H
140.
0006
750.
0002
18
Ben
zene
C6H
60.
0000
000.
0000
00H
epta
neC
7H16
0.00
0048
0.00
0019
1,2,
3-Tr
imet
hylb
enze
neC
9H12
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
1,2,
4-Tr
imet
hylb
enze
neC
9H12
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
1,3,
5-Tr
imet
hylb
enze
neC
9H12
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
1,3-
But
adie
neC
4H6
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
1-Bu
tene
C4H
80.
0000
010.
0000
011-
Hex
ene
C6H
120.
0000
000.
0000
00
1-H
exen
e, 3
,4,5
-trim
ethy
l-C
9H18
0.00
0008
0.00
0017
1-Pe
nten
eC
5H10
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
2,2,
4-Tr
imet
hylp
enta
neC
8H18
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
2,2-
Dim
ethy
lbut
ane
C6H
140.
0000
780.
0001
90
2,3,
4-Tr
imet
hylp
enta
neC
8H18
0.00
0008
0.00
0012
2,3-
Dim
ethy
lbut
ane
C6H
140.
0002
890.
0003
632,
3-D
imet
hylp
enta
neC
7H16
0.00
0181
0.00
0163
2,4-
Dim
ethy
lpen
tane
C7H
160.
0000
000.
0000
00
72
Tab
le 2
5.Su
mm
ary
of t
he a
ir in
sam
ple
and
air-
free
dry
mol
e fr
actio
n co
mpo
sitio
n pr
ofile
s of
gas
flar
ed fr
om p
rodu
ctio
n ta
nks
in t
he
Bay
tex
Ren
o Fi
eld.
Nam
eC
ompo
und
Pad
4-23
Pad
9-21
SE2,
5-di
met
hyl T
hiop
hene
C6H
8S0.
0000
000.
0000
002-
ethy
l Thi
ophe
neC
6H8S
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
2H-P
yran
, tet
rahy
dro-
C5H
10O
0.00
0000
0.00
0011
2-m
ethy
l Thi
ophe
neC
5H6S
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
2-M
ethy
lhep
tane
C8H
180.
0000
140.
0000
10
2-M
ethy
lhex
ane
C7H
160.
0002
680.
0001
072-
Met
hylp
enta
neC
6H14
0.00
1287
0.00
0691
2-pr
opyl
thio
phen
eC
7H10
S0.
0000
000.
0000
00
3-bu
tyl t
hiop
hene
(bla
nk)
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
3-m
ethy
l Thi
ophe
neC
5H6S
0.00
0001
0.00
0002
3-M
ethy
lhep
tane
C8H
180.
0000
180.
0000
143-
Met
hylh
exan
eC
7H16
0.00
0426
0.00
0192
3-M
ethy
lpen
tane
C6H
140.
0009
490.
0005
70A
cety
lene
C2H
20.
0000
000.
0000
00A
llyl s
ulph
ide
C6H
10S
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
But
ane,
2,2
,3-tr
imet
hyl-
C7H
160.
0000
030.
0000
00B
utyl
mer
capt
anC
4H10
S0.
0000
000.
0000
00
But
yl su
lphi
deC
8H18
S0.
0000
000.
0000
00C
arbo
n di
sulp
hide
CS2
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Car
bon
mon
oxid
eC
O0.
0000
000.
0000
00
Car
bony
l sul
phid
eC
OS
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Chl
orob
enze
ne-d
5C
6D5C
l0.
0000
000.
0000
00
cis-
2-B
uten
eC
4H8
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
cis-
2-Pe
nten
eC
5H10
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Cyc
lohe
xane
C6H
120.
0007
980.
0012
84C
yclo
hexa
ne, 1
,1,3
-trim
ethy
l-C
9H18
0.00
0015
0.00
0023
Cyc
lohe
xane
, 1,1
-dim
ethy
l-C
8H16
0.00
0010
0.00
0028
Cyc
lohe
xane
, 1,2
-dim
ethy
l-, tr
ans-
C8H
160.
0000
000.
0000
37
73
Tab
le 2
5.Su
mm
ary
of t
he a
ir in
sam
ple
and
air-
free
dry
mol
e fr
actio
n co
mpo
sitio
n pr
ofile
s of
gas
flar
ed fr
om p
rodu
ctio
n ta
nks
in t
he
Bay
tex
Ren
o Fi
eld.
Nam
eC
ompo
und
Pad
4-23
Pad
9-21
SEC
yclo
hexa
ne, 1
,3-d
imet
hyl-,
cis
-C
8H16
0.00
0042
0.00
0053
Cyc
lohe
xane
, 1,3
-dim
ethy
l-, tr
ans-
C8H
160.
0000
180.
0000
00C
yclo
hexa
ne, 1
,4-d
imet
hyl-
C8H
160.
0000
060.
0000
00
Cyc
lohe
xane
, 1,4
-dim
ethy
l-, c
is-
C8H
160.
0000
000.
0000
09C
yclo
hexa
ne, e
thyl
-C
8H16
0.00
0000
0.00
0017
Cyc
lope
ntan
eC
5H10
0.00
0232
0.00
0335
Cyc
lope
ntan
e, 1
,1,2
-trim
ethy
l-C
8H16
0.00
0010
0.00
0000
Cyc
lope
ntan
e, 1
,1-d
imet
hyl-
C7H
140.
0000
450.
0001
03
Cyc
lope
ntan
e, 1
,2,3
-trim
ethy
l-, (1
.alp
haC
8H16
0.00
0034
0.00
0044
Cyc
lope
ntan
e, 1
,2-d
imet
hyl-,
cis
-C
7H14
0.00
0179
0.00
0129
Cyc
lope
ntan
e, 1
,2-d
imet
hyl-,
tran
s-C
7H14
0.00
0000
0.00
0255
Cyc
lope
ntan
e, 1
,3-d
imet
hyl-
C7H
140.
0000
000.
0001
23
Cyc
lope
ntan
e, 1
,3-d
imet
hyl-,
cis
-C
7H14
0.00
0117
0.00
0000
Cyc
lope
ntan
e, 1
,3-d
imet
hyl-,
tran
s-C
7H14
0.00
0130
0.00
0000
Cyc
lope
ntan
e, 1
-eth
yl-3
-met
hyl-
C8H
160.
0000
060.
0000
06
Cyc
lope
ntan
e, 1
-met
hyl-3
-(1-m
ethy
leth
yl)
C9H
180.
0000
120.
0000
00C
yclo
pent
ane,
eth
yl-
C7H
140.
0000
650.
0000
53
Dec
ane
C10
H22
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Dim
ethy
l dis
ulph
ide
C2H
6S2
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Dim
ethy
l sul
phid
eC
2H6S
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Dim
ethy
l tris
ulph
ide
C2H
6S3
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Dod
ecan
eC
12H
260.
0000
000.
0000
00
Ethy
l ben
zene
C8H
100.
0000
000.
0000
00Et
hyl m
erca
ptan
C2H
6S0.
0000
000.
0000
00
Ethy
l met
hyl s
ulph
ide
C3H
8S0.
0000
000.
0000
00Et
hyl s
ulph
ide
C4H
10S
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Ethy
lace
tyle
neC
4H6
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Ethy
lene
C2H
40.
0000
000.
0000
00
74
Tab
le 2
5.Su
mm
ary
of t
he a
ir in
sam
ple
and
air-
free
dry
mol
e fr
actio
n co
mpo
sitio
n pr
ofile
s of
gas
flar
ed fr
om p
rodu
ctio
n ta
nks
in t
he
Bay
tex
Ren
o Fi
eld.
Nam
eC
ompo
und
Pad
4-23
Pad
9-21
SEH
epty
l mer
capt
anC
7H16
S0.
0000
000.
0000
00H
exan
e, 2
,3-d
imet
hyl-
C8H
180.
0000
080.
0000
09H
exan
e, 2
,4-d
imet
hyl-
C8H
180.
0000
220.
0000
20
Hex
ane,
2,5
-dim
ethy
l-C
8H18
0.00
0014
0.00
0006
Hex
yl m
erca
ptan
C6H
14S
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Isob
utyl
mer
capt
anC
4H10
S0.
0000
000.
0000
00Is
obut
ylen
eC
4H8
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Isop
rene
C5H
80.
0000
000.
0000
00
Isop
ropy
l mer
capt
anC
3H8S
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Isop
ropy
lben
zene
C9H
120.
0000
000.
0000
00
m,p
-Xyl
ene
C8H
100.
0000
000.
0000
00m
-Die
thyl
benz
ene
C10
H14
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Met
hyl m
erca
ptan
CH
4S0.
0000
000.
0000
00M
ethy
lcyc
lohe
xane
C7H
140.
0006
540.
0008
65M
ethy
lcyc
lope
ntan
eC
6H12
0.00
0661
0.00
0587
m-E
thyl
tolu
ene
C9H
120.
0000
000.
0000
00N
onan
eC
9H20
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
n-Pr
opyl
benz
ene
C9H
120.
0000
000.
0000
00O
ctan
eC
8H18
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Oct
yl m
erca
ptan
C8H
18S
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
o-Et
hylto
luen
eC
9H12
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
o-X
ylen
eC
8H10
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
p-D
ieth
ylbe
nzen
eC
10H
140.
0000
000.
0000
00Pe
ntan
e, 2
,2,3
,4-te
tram
ethy
l-C
9H20
0.00
0014
0.00
0000
Pent
ane,
2,4
-dim
ethy
l-C
7H16
0.00
0000
0.00
0019
Pent
yl m
erca
ptan
C5H
12S
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
p-Et
hylto
luen
eC
9H12
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Prop
ane,
2,2
-dim
ethy
l-C
5H12
0.00
0011
0.00
0039
75
Tab
le 2
5.Su
mm
ary
of t
he a
ir in
sam
ple
and
air-
free
dry
mol
e fr
actio
n co
mpo
sitio
n pr
ofile
s of
gas
flar
ed fr
om p
rodu
ctio
n ta
nks
in t
he
Bay
tex
Ren
o Fi
eld.
Nam
eC
ompo
und
Pad
4-23
Pad
9-21
SEPr
opyl
mer
capt
anC
3H8S
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Prop
ylen
eC
3H6
0.00
0001
0.00
0001
Prop
yne
C3H
40.
0000
000.
0000
00
sec-
But
yl m
erca
ptan
C4H
10S
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Styr
ene
C8H
80.
0000
000.
0000
00
Sulp
hur d
ioxi
deS0
20.
0000
000.
0000
00te
rt-B
utyl
mer
capt
anC
4H10
S0.
0000
000.
0000
00te
rt-Pe
ntyl
mer
capt
anC
5H12
S0.
0000
000.
0000
00
Tetra
hydr
o th
ioph
ene
C4H
8S0.
0000
000.
0000
00Th
ioph
ene
C4H
4S0.
0000
020.
0000
03
Tolu
ene
C7H
80.
0000
850.
0000
53tra
ns-2
-But
ene
C4H
80.
0000
010.
0000
01
trans
-2-P
ente
neC
5H10
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Und
ecan
eC
11H
240.
0000
000.
0000
00U
nkno
wn
Sulp
hur (
MW
=32)
(bla
nk)
0.00
0000
0.00
0000
Unk
now
n Su
lphu
rs (M
W=3
2)(b
lank
)0.
0000
020.
0000
02U
nres
olve
d H
ydro
carb
ons (
C10
+)(b
lank
)0.
0000
000.
0000
00
Tota
l1.
0000
001.
0000
00
Printed in Canada13-25343-0