Battlegrounds ShiftCHAPTER 6, LESSON #3

Fighting in the WestMany Natives sided with the British:Fighting took place west of the coloniesNative raids on colonistsBritish paid natives for settlers’ scalps

George Rogers ClarkVirginia militia leaderCaptured British Forts:

Kaskaskia, Cahokia

Captured British town of Vincennes

The War at SeaBritain had most powerful Navy:

Used ships to blockade (no ships could leave or enter) ports

American Navy too weak:

Hired 2,000 privateers: privately owned ships with cannons

Capture enemy ships and cargo

John Paul Jones:

US Navy officer and hero: raided British ports

September 1779: Bonhomme Richard vs. Serapis

“I have not yet begun to fight!”

Fought for hours until American victory

Fighting in the SouthBritish realized winning in the north would not be easyChanged focus to South more loyalists

Henry Clinton (British general):1778: Sent 3,500 British troops south:

Took over Savannah, Georgia and rest of state

1780: Attacked Charles Town, South CarolinaTook thousands of prisonersWorst defeat for Americans during war

Clinton went back to NY and left General Charles Cornwallis in charge.Gates sent to face Cornwallis but was defeated in Camden, South Carolina.

Stop1. What Virginia military leader fought British

in the West?2. Define the word: Privateer3. Who was the Captain of the Bonhomme

Richard?4. What British commander took over Georgia

and South Carolina?

Hit and Run Tactics Francis Marion “The Swamp Fox”Used “hit and run” tactics against BritishAmbush British forces from concealed locationsForced British to divide forces (made them easier to attack)Kept the British from taking hold of South Carolina

Swamp Fox

"As for this damned old fox, the Devil himself could not catch him.“

- British Lieutenant Colonel Banastre Tarelton

Spain’s Help Bernardo de GálvezSpanish governor of LouisianaShipped tons of supplies and ammunition up Mississippi riverUsed by George Rogers Clark (help him be victorious)Raised an army to fight the BritishDrove British out of Gulf of Mexico region

American SuccessesBritish moved north through CarolinasThreatened to “hang [patriot] leaders” and “lay waste to country” if colonists did not join British cause.

King’s MountainPatriot militia killed or captured 1,000 loyalist militia soldiers.

Nathanael GreeneReplaced Gate as commander of American forces in SouthDivided forces and achieved victory at Cowpens, SCForced Cornwallis to give up Southern campaign and move north

Nathanael Greene

Cornwallis Retreats Cornwallis Realizes more French troops are arrivingMoves British north to VirginiaWashington sends troops south (led by Lafayette and General Wayne)British take refuge in Yorktown, VA

…stay tuned!

Stop1. Who was known as the Swamp Fox?2. Who was the Spanish governor of Louisiana who

help the Americans?3. During what battle did the Patriots capture or kill

1,000 Loyalists?4. During which battle did Nathanael Greene’s forces

defeat the British in South Carolina?