battery energy storage system for smart grid … · along with renewable energy especially pv,...
TRANSCRIPT
FGD “BATTERY STORAGE SYSTEM”PJCI, PLN, Indonesia Power, MKI
Jakarta, 10 July 2019
BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM FOR SMART GRID APPLICATION
Zainal Arifin
Team Leader of Smart Grid
PT. PLN (Persero)
www.pln.co.id |
WHY BESS?
1
Tesla Powerwall 2 can supply
electricity for a house 24 hours …
Source: Black & Veatch, 2017
www.pln.co.id | 2
HOW ABOUT INDONESIA? PLN?
Competitive Advantages
Disruptive Technology
Technology Push
Customer Pull
EL
Absorptive Capability
TA
H1
H2
H3H4
H5
H6
H7
H8
Source: arifin, 2019
www.pln.co.id | 3
THE EFFECTS
General Electric will demolish a California natural gas-fired plant with 20 years remaining in its useful life, deeming the plant “uneconomical” as inexpensive solar and wind grab a larger share of power in the state.The Inland Empire Energy Center (IEEC), a 750 megawatt plant, is slated for closure by the end of the year. GE told Reuters, “We have made the decision to shut down operation of the Inland Empire Power Plant, which has been operating below capacity for several years, effective at the end of 2019.”The complete Inland Empire Energy Center Decommissioning and Demolition Plan has been published on the commission’s website. It notes that IEEC is selling the project site to Nova Power “for the purpose of developing a battery energy storage system (BESS).”For renewable power advocates, this story is something else: GE loses almost $200 billion by going all-in with fossil fuels. The company has to close a roughly $1 billion natural gas-fired plant 20 years earlier than anticipated.
South Africa’s government is putting the final touches on a 230 billion rand ($16.2-billion) bailout package intended to get its debt-stricken state power utility back on track.Except it won’t be nearly enough.Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd., which supplies about 95% of the electricity used in Africa’s most industrialized economy, has more than 440 billion rand of debt - about 250 billion rand more than Chairman Jabu Mabuza says it can afford to service.The utillity says it would take 300 billion rand to comply with emissions laws by 2025 at all of its coal-fired power plants - excluding six that it plans to decommission by 2030.
Source: reuters (2019), bloomberg (2019)
www.pln.co.id |
ENERGY GLOBAL ISSUES
4Source : https://www.worldeconomicforum
www.pln.co.id |
SMART GRID ARCHITECTURE
5
www.pln.co.id |
PLN SMART GRID
A communications and control network, overlaid across the power grid, monitoring customer demand, the
grid's generating capacity and the status of its generating, transmission and distribution resources and
managing power flows to optimize grid performance.
Power Plant Transmission Distribution Retail/Customer
Wide Area Monitoring Control
Information and Communication Technology Infrastructure
Energy Storage Technology
Transmission Enhancement Applications
Distribution Grid Management
Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI)
Reduce CO2 emission
Better load curve
Better asset utilization to
increase Return On Asset
Reduce number of “peakers”
Reduce number of damage meter
Reduce distribution congestion impact
Faster recovery time Reduce Outage Better losses visibility
Reduce transmission congestion impact Better transmission network Reduce outages
Reduce meter reading and field servic cost
Revenue assurance Improve customer satisfaction Prevent broader impact of
equipment outage
6
www.pln.co.id | 7
www.pln.co.id |
BESS APPLICATION - 1/4
8
Energy
Storage
Opportunity
Applications Benefits Method
System
Balancing
• Maximise utilisation of existing distribution assets
• Matching supply and demand
Cost
Reduction
• Bulk storage
• Distributed storage
Peak Lopping
Load Leveling
• Smoothing load profiles to avoid high tariffs
• Reduce peak generating and transmission capacity (and
costs) by peak lopping
• Revenue opportunity through arbitrage
• Enable energy trading with neighbouring networks
Cost
Reduction
• Storing bulk energy generated during the night for use
during the day
• Load shifting
Improve
Efficiency
• Replace traditional spinning reserve with fast acting
synchronous spinning reserve based on energy storage
• Run the more efficient base load power plants at constant
output level and maximum capacity
• Improve load factor
Cost
Reduction
• Smoothes load profile
• Storage capability allows spinning reserve to be reduced
and base load generation to be increased
• Avoids emissions from conventional spinning reserve
Defer Asset
Replacement
• Energy storage as an alternative to asset replacement or
upgrade
• Extend the useful life of existing assets
Cost
Reduction
• Use energy storage to increase capacity during peak
periods
Source : https://www.mpoweruk.com/grid_storage.htm
www.pln.co.id |
BESS APPLICATION - 2/4
9
Provide Ancillary Services
• System balancing
• Frequency regulation
• Ensure system stability
Power Quality
• Localised system balancing
• Localised voltage control
• Fast acting energy buffer
Manage Voltage Limits
• Grid voltage support
• Replace crude network reactive
power control by means of capacitor
banks and tap changers with variable
power quality management.
Power Quality
• Local injection and absorption of real
and reactive power
• Flexible AC Transmission System
(FACTS) and Static Synchronous
Compensators (STATCOM)
Improve Customer Service
• Improving power factor and
protecting customers from power
sags, swells, flicker, harmonics,
transients, spikes and failures.
• Enables black start (Self powered
generator start-up)
Power Quality
• System resilience
• Frequency stability
• Voltage support
Improve Security of Supply
• Emergency power back-up
• Enable support of remote
communities and industrial sites
Customer Service• Contingency storage for remote
communities
Source : https://www.mpoweruk.com/grid_storage.htm
www.pln.co.id |
BESS APPLICATION - 3/4
10
Stabilise Prices
• Enable "time of use" pricing
• Reduce difference between peak and
off-peak prices
Customer Service
Smart Grid
• Implement grid
communications and control
network
• Load levelling
Distributed Storage
• Facilitate access to customers'
generation plants
• Enable uninterruptible power systems
Customer Service
Smart Grid
• Advanced network
management and voltage
control
• Bi-directional power flow
Manage Thermal Constraints
• Use energy storage units to peak lop
both demand and generation to reduce
thermal loading of overhead lines,
cables and transformers and provide
extra headroom to accommodate
renewables and low carbon technology
applications into existing networks.
• Maximise the use of the network assets
at all times
System Enhancement
Smart Grid
• Advanced network
management and voltage
control
• Monitor power demands and
availability across the network
• Monitor system status
• Optimise network power flows
Source : https://www.mpoweruk.com/grid_storage.htm
www.pln.co.id |
BESS APPLICATION - 4/4
11
Renewables Integration
• Distributed storage to permit distributed
generation
• Eliminate curtailment of renewables during
periods of over-supply.
• Capacity firming. Transform "take it when
you can get it" power into scheduled,
dispatchable power.
• Maintain supply when renewable energy
not available
• Match renewable wind and solar supplies
to variable demand profiles
• Wind farm frequency stabilisation by
suppressing power fluctuations
• Enable vehicle to grid (V2G) energy
transfer
System Enhancement
Smart Grid
• Bi-directional energy flows
• Distributed storage to absorb
and discharge energy during
short duration variations in
output
• Harvest all renewable energy
whenever it is available and
store for use when it is more
convenient
• Balance power flows
Energy Recovery• Regenerative braking in electric trains.
Braking energy returned to grid.System Enhancement
Smart Grid
• Manage intermittent network
power flows
• Bi-directional power flow
Source : https://www.mpoweruk.com/grid_storage.htm
www.pln.co.id |
ENERGY STORAGE APPLICATION
12
Segments / Applications Sub Segments Power Rating Duration DODType of cycles
No of cycles / Year
Renewable Energy Integration
Wind Smoothing1 MW- 20 MW 15 min - 1 h <60% Shallow <18,000
Wind Firming 1 MW-20 MW 4-6 h >80% Deep <500
Solar 3 KW-2 MW 3-6 h >80% Deep <350
Load shifting or energy arbitrage
Commercial 10 KW - 2 MW 2-4 h >80% Mix <400
Industrial 500 KW - 5 MW 2-4 h >80% Mix <400
Off grid applications
Rural Microgrid (households) 1KW - 5 kW 2-8 h >80% Mix <400
Rural Schools / Hospitals1 KW - 10 kW 2-8 h >80% Mix <400
Replacement of DG
Telecom Towers 2 KW - 5 kW 2-4 h >80% Mix <700
Commercial 10 KW - 2 MW 2-4 h >80% Mix <400
Industrial 500 KW - 5 MW 2-4 h >80% Mix <400
Transmission or Distribution Deferral
Utilities1-20 MW 4-6 h >80% Mix <100
Frequency support Utilities / IPP1 MW- 20 MW 15 min – 1 h <60% Shallow <18,000
Reactive Power Management Utility / C&I 3 KW - 10 MW 15 min – 1 h N.A. N.A. N.A.
Source : IESA (2019), GESA (2019)
www.pln.co.id |
Issue 1 - Matching the Supply to the Demand
The Demand1. Daily Load Variations
2. Short Term Demand
Fluctuations
The Supply “Load Characteristics and Supply Options”
1. Slow - Non-Dispatchable Assets – Base Load Supplies
2. Fast - Dispatchable Assets
o Variable - Controllable Supplies
Spinning Reserve
Immediate reserve or "Frequency responsive“
Dispatch or operating reserve
Scheduling or standby reserve
o Load Following Supplies
o Peaking Supplies
o Energy Storage for Load Matching
Bulk Energy Storage - AC Connection
Bulk Energy Storage - DC Connection
Distributed Storage
Load Following Storage
Load Shifting
Fault "Ride Through" Capability
o Energy Storage for Frequency Regulation and Power Quality
o Black Start
3. Intermittent, Non-Dispatchable Assets
o Intermittent Energy Sources
o Distributed Generation and Distributed Energy Storage
Dispatch1. Dispatchable Generation
o Lead-in time or Response time
o Available power:
o Duration
o Timing
o Location
o Cost
2. Transmission and Distribution (T&D)
13
www.pln.co.id |
Issue 2 - Economic Efficiency Improvement
14
“Load Shifting”
1. Peak Shaving
2. Load Levelling
3. Elimination of Generating Constraints
4. Avoidance of Thermal Constraints
5. Time-of-Use Price Arbitrage by Load Shifting
6. Deferred Investment
Source : https://www.mpoweruk.com/grid_storage.htm
www.pln.co.id |
PERFORMANCE
15
ENERGY STORAGE performance metrics:
• Capital cost ($/kWh)
• Cycle life
• Roundtrip Energy Efficiency
• Space footprint
• C-rate (duration)
• Usable SOC range
Lead Acid batteries are work horse for the industrial and residential backup and provide lower capital
cost solutions. Li-Ion has emerged as the
technology of choice for short duration applications & Flow
batteries are vying for a position for longer duration applications.
Source : IESA (2019), GESA (2019)
www.pln.co.id |
Cost – Benefit analysis
16Source: MA DOER State of Charge Report, 2016
• Current market structures and policies lack clear
mechanisms to identify and capture full value of
energy storage systems
• Ensure net system benefits and cost savings to
ratepayers by setting accurate market compensation
for energy storage systems
www.pln.co.id | 18Source : IESA, 2019
www.pln.co.id |
Issue 3 – Technology Variability
19Source : IESA, 2019
www.pln.co.id | 20Source : IESA (2019), GESA (2019)
www.pln.co.id |
CONCLUSION
21
1. Along with Renewable Energy especially PV, Energy Storage Technology is “game
changer” which is highly potential to disrupt the existing energy utility industry.
2. BESS is rapidly gaining adoption for variety of grid applications include Smart Grid
enhancement in recent years:
Pumped Hydro, Thermal Storage and Lead Acid batteries have been used for grid
support and back up applications for 100+ years
In recent years, Li-Ion batteries are gaining rapid adoption for short duration
applications, and reduction is prices and improvements in performance is also
enabling use for applications such as peak load management, renewable integration
and diesel reduction.
3. BESS implementation especially for Smart Grid application should address come
challenging issues:
Matching the Supply to the Demand
Economic Efficiency Improvement
Technology Variability
www.pln.co.id |
Reading Recommendation
22
Association links:
http://energystorage.org/
http://www.globalesa.org/
http://indiaesa.info/
