batch reactors
DESCRIPTION
this assignment refers to the industrial use of batch reactor with the basic discription of different types of batch reactors and their uses in industry with industrial example in pakistanTRANSCRIPT
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ZAIN AHMED SIDDIQEE CE_E07_103
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INTRODCTION:In a batch reactor the reactants and the catalyst are placed in the reactor which is then closed to transport of matter and the reaction is allowed to proceed for a given time whereupon the mixture of unreacted material together with the products is withdrawn. Provision for mixing may be required.
BATCH REACTOR
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Typical diagram of batch reactor
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•In all batch type reactor there is a feed line from where the reactants enters inside chamber•There is a vent and product out line as well •There is a stir used for agitation and throw out mixing which is controlled •The pressure line is supplied from the top to maintain required pressure needed•The temperature control element is also required with sensor normally thermocouple or thermometer•Sometimes a cooling or insulation jacket is also supllied and in some cases heat exchanger coil all around the vessel
Typical diagram of batch reactor
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Sequencial Batch Reactors(used in water treatment in mostly)
Different types of batch reactors
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Fed-batch reactors•Fed-batch is a production technique in between batch and continuous fermentation. A proper feed rate, with the right component constitution is required during the process.
•It is mostly use in fermentation technique and different chemical processes having long residence time
FED Batch
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Stirred Batch Reactor:•It contains catalyst dispersed as slurry
•There is a better contact b/w reactants and catalyst in this type of reactor
•This reactor is useful for substrate solutions of high viscosity and for immobilized enzymes with relatively low activity
Stirred batch reactors
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•A semi-batch reactor is operated with both continuous and batch inputs and outputs. A fermenter, for example, is loaded with a batch, which constantly produces carbon dioxide, which has to be removed continuously. Analogously, driving a reaction of gas with a liquid is usually difficult, since the gas bubbles off. Therefore, a continuous feed of gas is injected into the batch of a liquid. An example of such a reaction is chlorination.
Semi Batch Reactor
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1. Small scale production
2. Intermediate or one shot
production
3. Pharmaceutical
4. Fermentation
Usage of batch reactors
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1. Gas phase
2. Liquid phase
3. Liquid Solid
Kinds of Phases Present
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Mathematical Formulii
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The advantages of the batch reactor
lie with its versatility. A single vessel
can carry out a sequence of different
operations without the need to break
containment. This is particularly
useful when processing, toxic or
highly potent compounds.
Advantages
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1. High conversion per unit volume
for one pass
2. Flexibility of operation-same
reactor can produce one product
one time and a different product
the next
3. Easy to clean
Advantages
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1. High operating cost
2. Product quality more
variable than with
continuous operation
Disadvantages
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The following are the reaction variables control in batch process :
Batch Reactor Control
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ICI CHEMICALS PAKISTAN•chemicals used in a variety of industries including fertilizer, cement, polyester, oil and gas, plastics, non-chemical products like specialized fibers, solvents, adhesives and paint industries. •Most of the chemicals are prepared on small scale production on the batch reactor•Some of these chemical are additives, polyols, glycols, water treatment chemicals, solvents etc.
Industrial examples
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•http://userpages.umbc.edu/~gferre1/fedbatch.html
•http://books.google.com.pk/books?id=pnNc496xxEMC&pg=PA246&lpg=PA246&dq=stirred+batch+reactor(sbr)&source=bl&ots=_8H6CF43OP&sig=gychH_LN8qXHnPw5pLpTk1GlIjQ&hl=en&ei=z1r2SpafMsGSkQXE9tyyAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CDQQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=stirred%20batch%20reactor(sbr)&f=false
•http://www.rpi.edu/dept/chem-eng/Biotech-Environ/IMMOB/stirredt.htm
•http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_reactor#Semi-batch_reactor
References