BAT 300 FINAL YEAR PROJECT AQUATIC

DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF CYANOBACTERIA IN THERMAL SPRINGName : Nur Munirah binti HesanMatric number : 112661Supervisor : Prof Assoc. Dr Wan Maznah binti Wan OmarINTRODUCTIONThermal spring can be denoted by water bodies that have temperature more than 37.8CThermal springs can be found in almost all countries in the world, however Yellowstone area, New Zealand, Japan and Iceland have the greatest number of thermal springThere are 82 thermal sites in Malaysia which the temperature varies from 29C to 98CAll thermal springs in Malaysia are non-volcanic Organisms that can survived high temperature are called as thermophiles

We leadINTRODUCTIONCyanobacteria is one of the prokaryotic thermophiles that undergoes photosynthesisIt can be found in almost every environment such as oceans, freshwater, damp soil, bare rock and also Antarctic rocks.Aquatic cyanobacteria are known for their extensive and highly visible blooms that can form in marine and freshwater environments.We leadOBJECTIVESThe objectives of this project are:To study the diversity and distribution of cyanobacteria in thermal springTo determine factors that differentiate the distribution of cyanobacteria in thermal springWe leadMETHODThe samplings were done in four different thermal springs in Malaysia.Air Hangat, Langkawi, KedahUlu Legong, Baling, KedahPengkalan Hulu, PerakSungkai, PerakWe leadMETHODWe leadRESULTSpecies Freq.Air HangatSungkaiUlu LegongPengkalan HuluPseudophormidium cf. pauciramosum1+Phormidium cf. crassior2+Chroococcopsis cf epiphytica1+Chroococcus membraninus2+Aphanocapsa litoralis1+Xenococcus cf. schousboei1+Pseudanabaena cf. papillaterminata1+Phormidium cf. lividum4++Aphanocapsa thermalis1+Oscillatoria subbrevis1+Chroococcus cf. membraninus1+Aphanothece cf. stagnina1+Synechococcus bigranulatus1+Lyngbya cf. truncicola1+Aphanocapsa cf. thermalis1+We leadAir Hangat, Langkawi

We leadAir Hangat, Langkawi

We leadAir Hangat, Langkawi

We leadAir Hangat, LangkawiPseudophormidium cf. pauciramosum J.Komrek and K.Anagnostidis (2008b): p379

Phormidium cf. crassior J.Komrek and K.Anagnostidis (2008b): p442

RemarkWider cellRemarkShorter cellWe leadAir Hangat, Langkawi

Chroococcopsis cf epiphytica J.Komrek and K.Anagnostidis (2008a): page 437

Chroococcus membraninus J.Komrek and K.Anagnostidis (2008a) page: 296RemarkDid not form clusters aggregation of 8 cellsWe leadAir Hangat, Langkawi

Aphanocapsa litoralis J.Komrek and K.Anagnostidis (2008a) page: 159

Xenococcus cf. schousboei J.Komrek and K.Anagnostidis (2008a): page 430RemarkNo record found in thermal springWe leadAir Hangat, Langkawi

Pseudanabaena cf. papillaterminata J.Komrek and K.Anagnostidis (2008b): page 90RemarksWider and longer cellWe leadSungkai, Perak

We leadSungkai, PerakPhormidium cf. lividum Komrek and Anagnostidis (2008b): p443

Aphanocapsa thermalis J.Komrek and K.Anagnostidis (2008a): page 156

RemarksShorter than wideDoes not occur in thermal springWe leadUlu Legong, Perak

We leadUlu Legong, PerakOscillatoria subbrevis J.Komrek and K.Anagnostidis (2008b): page 587

Phormidium cf. lividum J.Komrek and K.Anagnostidis (2008b): p443

RemarksShorter than wideDoes not occur in thermal springWe leadSungkai, PerakAphanothece cf. stagnina J.Komrek and K.Anagnostidis (2008a): page 86

Chroococcus cf. membraninus J.Komrek and K.Anagnostidis (2008a): page 296

RemarkCells are dark purple colourRemark Not found in thermal springWe leadPengkalan Hulu

We leadPengkalan HuluLyngbya cf. truncicola J.Komrek and K.Anagnostidis (2008b): page 618

Aphanocapsa cf. thermalis J.Komrek and K.Anagnostidis (2008a): page 156

RemarkNot found in thermal springRemarkLarger compared to the speciesWe leadPengkalan HuluSynechococcus bigranulatus J.Komrek and K.Anagnostidis (2008a): page 122

We leadConclusionThere are 15 species of cyanobacteria found in four thermal springs.Phormidium sp is the most dominant species found in thermal springWe leadTHANK YOUWe lead