basis biomass availability and sustainability …...iee/12/830/si2.645698 basis biomass availability...

IEE/12/830/SI2.645698

BASIS

Biomass Availability and

Sustainability Information System

D4.4 Country Report

German BioEnergy Association (BBE)

Thomas Siegmund

Godesberger Allee 142-148

DE-53175 Bonn

Tel.: +49.(0)228.81 002-23

Fax: +49.(0)228.81 002-58

Email: [email protected]

URL: www.bioenergie.de

http://www.bioenergie.de/

2

Table of contents

List of figures ................................................................................................................................................. 3

List of tables .................................................................................................................................................. 4

Background ................................................................................................................................................... 5

Country profiles on sustainability ................................................................................................................... 7

Austria ........................................................................................................................................................ 8

Denmark................................................................................................................................................... 17

France ...................................................................................................................................................... 31

Germany .................................................................................................................................................. 50

Italy ........................................................................................................................................................... 78

Spain ........................................................................................................................................................ 93

Sweden .................................................................................................................................................. 110

Belgium .................................................................................................................................................. 121

Bulgaria .................................................................................................................................................. 122

Croatia.................................................................................................................................................... 123

Czech Republic ...................................................................................................................................... 124

Estonia ................................................................................................................................................... 125

Greece ................................................................................................................................................... 126

Ireland .................................................................................................................................................... 127

Latvia ...................................................................................................................................................... 128

3

List of figures

Figure 6: Average annual change of wood stock in Denmark..................................................................... 19

Figure 7: Average annual change of forest area in Denmark ..................................................................... 20

Figure 8: PEFC-certified forest area in Denmark ........................................................................................ 23

Figure 9: FSC-certified forest area in Denmark........................................................................................... 24

Figure 10: Protected / designated forest area in Denmark ......................................................................... 26

Figure 11: Average annual change of wood stock in France ...................................................................... 33

Figure 12: Average annual change of forest area in France ....................................................................... 35

Figure 13: PEFC-certified forest area in France ......................................................................................... 37

Figure 14: FSC-certified forest area in France ............................................................................................ 39

Figure 15: Protected / designated forest area in France ............................................................................. 40

Figure 16: Average annual change of wood stock in Germany .................................................................. 56

Figure 17: Average annual change of forest area in Germany ................................................................... 58

Figure 18: PEFC-certified forest area in Germany ...................................................................................... 60

Figure 19: FSC-certified forest area in Germany ........................................................................................ 62

Figure 20: Protected / designated forest area in Germany ......................................................................... 64

Figure 21: Average annual change of wood stock in Italy ........................................................................... 79

Figure 22: Average annual change of forest area in Italy (Data only on NUTS-1) ...................................... 81

Figure 23: PEFC-certified forest area in Italy .............................................................................................. 83

Figure 24: FSC-certified forest area in Italy ................................................................................................. 85

Figure 25: Protected / designated forest area in Italy ................................................................................. 87

Figure 26: Average annual change of wood stock in Spain ........................................................................ 95

Figure 27: Average annual change of forest area in Spain ......................................................................... 97

Figure 28: Certified FSC area by region (Oct.2014) ................................................................................. 100

Figure 29: Protected / designated forest area in Spain ............................................................................. 101

Figure 30: Average annual change of wood stock in Sweden .................................................................. 112

Figure 31: Average annual change of forest area in Sweden ................................................................... 114

Figure 32: PEFC-development in Sweden ................................................................................................ 116

4

List of tables

Table 1: Average annual change of wood stock in Denmark ...................................................................... 19

Table 2: Average annual change of forest area in Denmark ....................................................................... 21

Table 3: PEFC-certified forest area in Denmark ......................................................................................... 23

Table 4: FSC-certified forest area in Denmark ............................................................................................ 25

Table 5: FSC certification in Denmark ......................................................................................................... 25

Table 6: Types of NATURA 2000 forests in Denmark ................................................................................ 25

Table 7: Protected / designated forest area in Denmark ............................................................................. 26

Table 8: Average annual change of wood stock in France ......................................................................... 34

Table 9: Average annual change of forest area in France .......................................................................... 36

Table 10: PEFC-certified forest area in France ........................................................................................... 38

Table 11: Protected / designated forest area in France .............................................................................. 41

Table 12: Average annual change of wood stock in Germany.................................................................... 57

Table 13: Average annual change of wood stock in Germany.................................................................... 59

Table 14: PEFC-certified forest area in Germany ....................................................................................... 61

Table 15: FSC-certified forest area in Germany.......................................................................................... 63

Table 16: Protected / designated forest area in Germany .......................................................................... 65

Table 17: Average annual change of wood stock in Italy ............................................................................ 80

Table 18: Average annual change of forest area in Italy ............................................................................. 82

Table 19: PEFC-certified forest are in Italy ................................................................................................. 84

Table 20: FSC-certified forest area in Italy .................................................................................................. 86

Table 21: Protected / designated forest area in Italy ................................................................................... 88

Table 22: Average annual change of wood stock in Spain ......................................................................... 96

Table 23: Average annual change of forest area in Spain .......................................................................... 98

Table 24: Protected / designated forest are in Spain ................................................................................ 102

Table 25: Average annual change of wood stock in Sweden ................................................................... 113

Table 26: Average annual change of forest area in Sweden .................................................................... 115

5

Background

In order to achieve the 2020 targets set in the RED for renewable energy consumption in Europe, the use

of wood chips for bioenergy will further increase. Besides the increasing demand for bioenergy, the

material utilization of wood and wood chips will also rise. In recent studies, it has been shown that the

demand of wood in the pulp and paper industry, the construction industry and for other material uses has

grown steadily over the past years1 and will further increase in most European countries.2 As a

consequence, sustainable wood chip production becomes an increasingly important issue.

With the BASIS project, the project consortium aims at supporting investments into new biomass plants

across Europe, resulting into an increased demand for wood chips. A supply of existing and new biomass

consumers with sustainably harvested biomass will therewith be key to justify and legitimize their

operation. However, at time being there are no mandatory criteria for sustainable wood chip production for

energy use in place. Hence, within WP 4 of the BASIS project, proposals for criteria of a sustainable wood

chip production were elaborated, based on the analysis of existing forest (PEFC, FSC) and biomass

voluntary certification schemes (ISCC, SBP (former IWPB)) and the experience of Meo Carbon Solutions,

a consultancy in the field of sustainability in the biomass markets. In addition, criteria were derived from

the RED, which set out requirements for the production of sustainable biomass for biofuel production.

The following reports, documents and references were used to identify criteria with importance for wood

chip production:

• RED 2009/28/EC

• Communication COM(2010) 11, Brussels, 25.02.2010

• PEFC International Standard (PEFC ST 1003:2010), PEFC International Standard

– Chain of Custody of Forest Based Products – Requirements (PEFC ST 2002:2013)

• FSC International Standard FSC-STD-01-011 (V.4.0) EN, FSC Standard for Company Evaluation

of FSC controlled wood, FSC-STD-40-005 (V.2.1) EN, FSC controlled wood standard for forest

management enterprises, FSC-STD-30-010 (V.2.0) EN

• IWPB Report n°1 (Proposal for Sustainability Principles for Woody Biomass Sourcing and

Trading), Report n°2 (Sustainability Principles for Woody Biomass Sourcing and Trading)

• ISCC 202 Sustainability Requirements for the Production of Biomass, ISCC 203 Requirements for

Traceability, ISCC 204 Mass balance calculation methodology

1 Meo Carbon Solutions 2013 l.c.

2 Mantau, Udo et al. 2010: EUwood – Real potential for changes in growth and use of EU forests. Final report. Hamburg/Germany,

June 2010.

6

• Agreement on sustainable biomass sourcing between the state of Berlin and Vattenfall3

It is within the nature of addressing the sustainability of a regional fuel, that many criteria very much

depend on very local conditions and aspects, which cannot be rated in a general approach, but need to be

assessed as the case arises during a local audit. However, as it is the aim of the BASIS project, to provide

a global overview on regional wood chip availability, potential competition and a universal sustainability

risk on a NUTS 2 level, these site-specific criteria cannot be considered or displayed in the online

geographical information system (GIS) as the key project’s outcome. Therewith, in a second step, the

identified criteria were classified according to their “mappability” and operationalized with indicators, to be

collected by the project partners within the general data collection of work package 3.

Still, it is important to keep in mind that the resulting tool for the assessment of sustainability aspects

within the BASIS GIS doesn’t allow for reliable and plannable results to base investments on. The GIS tool

rather aims at outline trends and magnitudes of the sustainability risk for the investor’s personal

assessment. For instance, a region with a rather low wood chip potential, but considerable amount of

existing biomass consumers and a high density of protected areas may be less attractive for new

investments than regions with a high feedstock potential, low competition and no designated areas. So the

decision may be to start a detailed feasibility study for the low risk region first. However, a reliable and

thorough statement on the sustainability of the feedstock supply in a region can only be made after a site-

specific audit in both cases.

An extensive description and explanation of the chosen criteria for an assessment of the sustainability risk

of a regional wood chip supply can be found in the study “Development of criteria and indicators for a

sustainable wood chip production”, done by Meo Carbon Solution on behalf of BBE in the frame of the

BASIS project, which is attached to this report.

3 Senat Berlin & Vattenfall: Vereinbarung über die Nachhaltigkeit der Biomassebeschaffung zwischen dem Land Berlin und

Vattenfall, in German only, http://www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/umwelt/klimaschutz/aktiv/vereinbarung/download/nhvereinbarung_

vattenfall.pdf, last visit: 05.08.2013, Berlin, 2011.

7

Country profiles on sustainability

In this chapter, the BASIS project partners provide information about specific sustainability criteria, which

are hardly possible to report by a general rule in the BASIS GIS, but need to get addressed on a more

individual, regional approach.

8

Austria

Key figures at a glance

Total forest area:

3.99 mil. ha

latest available data: unknown

Development of forest area: +4285 ha/y

period unknown

Total carbon stock: 1.135 billion m³

latest available data: unknown

Development of carbon stock: +4.4 mil. m³/y

period unknown

Biomass demand for energy purposes:

(only wood chips)

3.479.093 odt/y

≙ 7.827.959,25 m³/y 4

Share of certified forest area: 71,95 %

PEFC 2.8 mil. ha

3.5 % of total forest area

FSC 6.000 ha

0.01 % of total forest area

Share of protected/designated forest area: under 1 %

500 ha

Corruption Perceptions Index 2012:

Rank 13

Score 79

4 Source: Der Schweizer Förster Nr. 7/8 Juli/August 1978 (Fachbeitrag IG Industrieholz). Chosen conversion factor is 2.25 (highest factor, used only for pine wood). So the actual data can possibly be less (conservative approach).

9

Criteria: Level of sustainability aspects in national forest law

In Austria a sustainable forestry has been an important principle for centuries. The principle of

sustainability has its origins in the forestry and goes back to the year 1713, when Hans Carl von Carlowitz

formulated the definition of sustainability because of the outrageous deforestation. Sustainable forestry

means, that one only may remove as much wood as can regrow to grant that the forest is not completely

harvested.

The integrative approach of sustainable forest management is successfully pursued by the Austrian forest

owners and foresters. Timber production, biodiversity, recreation, protection against natural hazards,

tourism interests and environmental protection on one and the same area are lived. Therefore, the

Austrian forestry applies beyond the state’s and European borders as a role model.

The economic effect of sustainable forestry has to be considered as well. The forest is the largest

employer of the country. About 300,000 people derive their income from the raw material wood.

The Austrian "Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change" also has its own section about the subject

“Forestry”, provided with 8 measures. The legal provisions for forestry are formulated in the Forest Act of

2002. The importance of sustainability is discussed and defined in Section 1. In addition to this, certain

issues are regulated by nature conservation legislation.

In Austria the Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management is in charge

for, where a separate department is dedicated to forestry.

Additionally the Association of Austrian land and forest owners represents private forest owners and the

forest associations in the respective provinces.

Protected Areas

In Austria the Federal Environment Agency has identified about 730 protected areas.

According to the classification of "Forest Europe" four different categories for wood exist: The only

protected area without any intervention (class 1.1) is the Rotwald in the Lower Austrian Limestone Alps. It

is Austria's only Strict Nature Reserve in category 1.1 of the International Union for Conservation of

Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) with almost 500 ha. Class 1.2. is defined by a minimal amount of

intervention and reaches under 1 percent of the total forest area in Austria with 37.800 ha. These areas

are mainly parts of the nature and core zones in national parks, as well as natural forest reserves. Wood

areas of the third category 1.3. “Protection through active sustainable forest management ” have reached

12.1 percent of the total Austrian wood area.

10

The forth part of protected areas belong to the class 2 “Protection of Landscapes and Specific Natural

Elements” with nearly 8.6 percent of total wood area; sustainable forestry is allowed in this area.

Summarized there are no protected areas without any influence and impact in Austria except the Rotwald

in the Lower Austrian Limestone Alps (500ha). Almost the whole Austrian forest area can be used and

harvested in a sustainable and ecological way.

Public bodies, which are responsible for forestry and the protection of the Austrian forest area, are the

Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management, the Department of

Forestry, as well as the governments of the nine provinces.

Criteria: Average annual change of wood stock

Statistical Overview:

1) Country Wood stock youngest date: 1.135 billion cubic meters

2) Country Average annual change of wood stock: 4.4 mil. cubic meters

In Austria currently about 85 percent of the annual increment is harvested. The stock in the local forests is

currently at 1.135 billion cubic meters and is increasing every year. The annual growth is about 30.4

million cubic meters, over the same period the use is only about 26 million cubic meters. The annual

increment is about 4.4 million cubic meters of wood.

The basis is the forest inventory of woodstock from the years 2007/2009. Harvest has risen due to

extreme weather (windthrow) events in recent years, but the increment is higher than the harvest. The

sustainable use of Austrian forests is ensured by a strict national forest law.

Divided into 3 Nuts I - regions, namely eastern Austria, western Austria and southeastern Austria,

increment can be found in all regions. In accordance to the principle of sustainability about two-thirds of

the harvest are from single stem withdrawals in the context of forest management measures and small

uses. Only a third of the amount of wood is harvested from the land use.

Around 65 different species of trees are growing in Austria's forests. The Austrian forest and wood

economy has the opportunity to a wide range of tree species. Due to the predominance of the mountain

regions in Austria the proportion of conifers (spruce, fir, pine, larch, pine, etc.) in the productive forest is

naturally high at 63.5 percent: Spruce has just about 50.7 percent, followed by beech with slightly more

than 10 percent. The proportion of deciduous trees (beech, oak, ash, maple, birch, alder, etc.) in

production forests has increased by at least 17.1 to now 24.4 percent since the 70s. Overall, the

proportion of deciduous and mixed forests is currently 36.5 percent.

11

Criteria: Average annual change of forest area


3) Country forest area youngest date: 3.99 mil. ha

4) Country Average annual change of forest area: 4285 ha

With nearly 4 million ha, the Austrian forests cover around 48 percent of the national territory. It is the

largest cultural area of Austria. 80 percent of the forest area are in private ownership.

Since the beginning of the nationwide forest monitoring in 1961 an increase of the wood area can be

determined in Austria. The forest area has increased by 300,000 ha since then. This exceeds, for

example, the area of the state of Vorarlberg, the Nuts 2 - Region 34. In a European comparison Austria is

one of the most densely forested countries.

In the last survey, the total wood area has increased by 30,000 ha to actual 3.991 million ha. About 60

percent of the increase in wood area occurs on former agricultural land use. Almost 90 percent of it are

grassland like grazing areas and pastures. One third of the growth surface is distributed to extreme

locations such as embankments, rocky sites or slip surfaces, the other two thirds to former mining land,

landfills or other land. Considering the increase in forest area by an altitude level, it is increasing in all

stages, mostly in the altitude of 1800m with 10,000 ha. The area which is wooded by conifers has

declined since the penultimate inventory to 116,000 ha. The main reasons are the windthrow disasters of

2007 and 2008, especially regarding spruce, a strong decrease was recorded. At the same time, an

increase in hardwood areas of 134,000 ha has been determined.

Criteria: PEFC-certified area in percent of total forest area


5) PEFC certified area in the whole country: 2.8 mil. ha

6) Country Average annual change of PEFC-certified area: 3.5 %

In Austria nearly 70 percent of the total wood area of 4 million ha is PEFC certified. This corresponds to

2.8 million ha of forest cover. Nine regions are definated, which differ from the defined NUTS 2 or NUTS 3

regions. The classification is related to the natural environment (forest growth areas) and administrative

boundaries (county lines). This ensures that existing data on forest management can be used while

preserving the natural spatial units.

Due to the very high PEFC certification in managed forests, the annual growth is still considerable. They

amount to a total of 3-4 percent annually.

12

Criteria: FSC-certified area in percent of total forest area


7) FSC certified area in the whole country: 6000 ha

8) Country Average annual change of FSC-certified area: 0.01 %

In Austria the FSC certification is not widespread. On the total forest area of 4 million ha, just 0.015

percent are FSC certified. This corresponds to 6000 ha of forest cover. Only seven forest owners may

deliver FSC-certified wood in Austria.

The FSC only established itself regarding the trade with imported wood products, such as garden

furniture. Concerning forestry, the high costs of the FSC and the unfitting system for small forest owners

impede its application in the forest. Therefore, only 6000 hectares of forest are FSC-certified in Austria to

date. The Austrian forest owners joined almost entirely the certification system of PEFC.

Criteria: Protected/designated forest area in percent of total forest area


9) Protected/designated forest area in the whole country: 500 ha

10) Country Average Protected/designated forest area in percent of total forest area: under 1 %

In Austria, the Environment Agency Austria has identified about 730 protected areas. A study which was

published by the Environment Agency Austria in 2004 identified a total area of 19,800 km2, nearly 51

percent of these consisted of forest.

A majority of these reserves is located in the Austrian National Parks. These National Parks are divided

into external zones and core zones. In Austria six of the ecologically most valuable regions were declared

as national parks on a total area of 237,000 ha and a forest cover of 19 percent. A national park is a large-

scale protected area with particularly valuable natural areas that are less influenced by the population.

Three national parks are located in eastern Austria, the largest measures 185,000 ha and consists of 9

percent wood area on the border between Carinthia, Salzburg and Tyrol. The waiver of any economic use

of at least 75 percent of the area is a prerequisite for recognition as a protected area according to the

IUCN Management Category II and thus objective to all Austrian National Parks. A sustainable forestry is

permitted in some areas of the core zones with minimal extent.

The “Rotwald” is a natural wood area in the Lower Austrian Limestone Alps, located south and southeast

of the Dürrenstein massif. It lies on the southern edge of the region Eisenwurzen and the district Scheibbs

near the border to Styria. It is Austria's only Strict Nature Reserve in category 1.1 of the International

Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN).

The strictly protected northern part with almost 500 ha has never been used for forestry.

13

Key stakeholder addresses

Ministries

Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management

Stubenring 1

1012 Vienna

Austria

Website: http://www.bmlfuw.gv.at/en.html

E-Mail: [email protected]

Phone: (+43 1) 711 00-0

Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy

Stubenring 2

1011 Vienna

Austria

Website: http://www.en.bmwfw.gv.at/Seiten/default.aspx


Phone: (+43 1) 711 00-0

Subordinated Bodies

Chamber of Agriculture and Forestry

Schauflergasse 6

1014 Vienna

Austria

Website: www.lko.at


Phone: (+43 1) 533 18 43

14

Austrian Biomass Association

Franz Josefskai 13/4

1010 Vienna

Website: www.biomasseverband.at


Phone: (+43 1) 533 07 97

Forest Association Austria

Schauflergasse 6

1014 Vienna

Austria

Website: www.waldverband.at


Phone: (+43 1) 53441 8590

Association of Austrian land and forest owners

Schauflergasse 6/5

1010 Vienna

Austria

Website: landforstbetriebe.at


Phone: (+43 1) 533 0227 0

Certification Bodies

PEFC Austria

Strozzigasse 10/7

1080 Vienna

Austria

Website: pefc.at


Phone: (+43 1) 402 0112 900

15

WWF Austria (FSC)

Ottakringerstraße 114-116

1160 Vienna

Austria

Website: wwf.at


Phone: (+43 1) 488 170

Other Bodies

Environment Agency Austria

Spittelauer Lände 5

1090 Vienna

Austria

Website: umweltbundesamt.at


Phone: (+43 1) 313 04

Austrian Research Centre for Forests

Seckendorff-Gudent-Weg 8

1131 Vienna

Austria

Website: bfw.ac.at


Phone: (+43 1) 878 380

University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences

Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33

1180 Vienna

Austria

Website: boku.ac.at


Phone: (+43 1) 476540

16

Proholz Austria

Uraniastraße 4

1011 Vienna

Austria

Website: proholz.at


Phone: (+43 1) 712 0474

Österreichische Bundesforste AG

Pummergasse 10-12

3002 Purkersdorf

Austria

Website: bundesforste.at


Phone: (+43) 2231 6000

Contact data BASIS project partner

Austrian Biomass Association (ABA)

Franz Josefs-Kai 13

1010 Wien

AUSTRIA

Geschäftsführer: Christoph Pfemeter

Tel.: +43-1-533 07 97

Fax: +43-1-533 07 97-90


http://www.biomasseverband.at/de/ueber-uns/impressum/

17

Denmark


Total forest area:

600.428 ha

latest available data: 2011

Development of forest area: +20.039 ha

+6.680 ha/y

period 2008 - 2011

Total carbon stock:

126.080.000 m³


Development of carbon stock:

+5.065.000 m³/y

period 2010 - 2012


(only wood chips)

2.147.039 odt/y

≙ 4.830.837,75 m³/y 5

Share of certified forest area: 46.55 %

PEFC 166.605,7 ha

27,75% of total forest area

FSC 113.357 ha

18,8% of total forest area

Share of protected/designated forest area: 11.07%

66.442 ha

Corruption Perceptions Index 2012: Rank 4

Score 88


18


The first Forestry Act was introduced in 1805, as a result of heavy deforestation due to logging and

clearance for agricultural land.

Today Danish forests are largely protected by existing legislation. More than 90 % of the forest area is

designated as forest reserve and is consequently fully covered by the Forestry Act. The Act promotes,

among other things, sustainable management of the country's forests.

In addition, part of the forests are covered by the Protection of Nature Act. Finally, a small proportion of

forests are protected by actual conservation.

In order to secure forests and biodiversity a part of the Danish forest area is included as Special

Protection Areas under the Birds Directive as well as the EU habitat areas, which together form the Natura

2000 areas. Overall, 66,442 hectare or 11 per cent. of the Danish forests are designated as Natura 2000

sites.

In Denmark, the Ministry of the Environment is responsible for legislation in relation to forestry.

The Nature Agency is an organization under the Danish Ministry of Environment. The Nature

Agency implements the government’s policies concerning nature and environment. Among other things,

the Nature Agency manages forestry and land management of the state forests, as well as gaming and

wildlife management.



11) Country Woodstock youngest date: 126, 080, 000 cubic meter

12) Country Average annual change of woodstock: 5, 065, 000 cubic meter

Source: The Department of Geosciences and Natural

Resource Management, University of Copenhagen

Change in Woodstock is measured as biomass m3 based on change in forest and wooded land between

2010-2012. Data is derived from, “Skov og Plantager 2012, The Department of Geosciences and Natural

Resource Management, University of Copenhagen”.

19

Figure 6: Average annual change of wood stock in Denmark

Table 1: Average annual change of wood stock in Denmark

NUTS 2 Region

Average annual change of wood stock

Wood stock youngest

date

Reference date

column C

Wood stock elder date

Reference date

column E

[%] [cbm] [year] [cbm] [year]

Hovedstaden DK-01 -0,56% 12.579.000 2012 12.722.000 2010

Sjælland DK-02 9,57% 28.960.000 2012 24.307.000 2010

Syddanmark DK-03 2,62% 24.131.000 2012 22.929.000 2010

Midtjylland DK-04 3,29% 40.425.000 2012 37.926.000 2010

Nordjylland DK-05 5,31% 19.985.000 2012 18.066.000 2010

TOTAL 8,74% 126.080.000 115.950.000

From 2010-2012, a change in wood stock biomass has been registered, going from 115,950,000 m3 to

126,080,000 m3. This is an increase in biomass of 10,130,000 m3 or 5,065,000 m3 per/year.

Denmark is the northernmost part of the central European temperate forest zone, just south of the boreal

coniferous forest zone. The climate is affected by the Gulf Stream, which creates a temperate climate all

year round. The country is, affected by the Westerlies, which creates more intense winds in winter and

20

less intense winds in summer. In general, there is precipitation all year round with an annual average of

742 mm. Intense precipitation is, often registered in September, October and November, while less than

average precipitation is registered in the months of February, March and April.



1) Country forest area youngest date: 600, 428 ha

2) Country Average annual change of forest area: 6, 680 ha (3,45% 2008-2011) Source: Statistics Denmark

Figure 7: Average annual change of forest area in Denmark

21

Table 2: Average annual change of forest area in Denmark

NUTS 2 Region

Average annual

change of forest area

Forest area youngest

date

Reference date column J

Forest area elder date

Reference date column M

[%] [ha] [year] [ha] [Year]

Hovedstaden DK-01 0,23% 45.135 2011 44.823 2008

Sjælland DK-02 3,04% 93.527 2011 85.719 2008

Syddanmark DK-03 -0,64% 135.910 2011 138.581 2008

Midtjylland DK-04 0,88% 210.707 2011 205.296 2008

Nordjylland DK-05 2,89% 115.149 2011 105.970 2008

TOTAL 3,45% 600.428 580.389

From 2008-2011, there has been an increase, from 580,389 ha to 600,428 ha of forest area which is an

increase in covered forest area of 20,039 ha or approx. 6, 680 ha per/year.

The forest area in Denmark is 600,428 ha (2011) which comprise 14.1 % of Denmark’s area. Forest per

capita in Denmark is approx. 0.1 ha, which is low compared to a European average of approx. 1.97 ha.

The first legislation concerning forest preservation was, introduced in 1805 banning clearance of forest. At

that time total forest cover was 2-3% of the Danish area, and forest cover has increased steadily since

then.

Denmark has a deliberate policy of increasing forest cover. The target is 20-25% forest cover. To promote

afforestation in privately owned forests a support system was established, in 2011.

Denmark is the northernmost part of the central European temperate forest zone, just south of the boreal

coniferous forest zone. Due to their relative fast growth, conifers constitute 53% of total tree cover,

whereas broad leaves constitutes 43%.The most common species of trees in Denmark are:

Norway spruce 19%, Beech 13%, Pine 12%, Oak 9%, Christmas tree species comprise 6%

22



1) PEFC certified area in the whole country: 166,605,7 ha (excl. open areas)6

2) Country Average annual change of PEFC-certified area: data not available

The total area of PEFC is, based on an exclusion of the open land areas, which is normally accounted for

in the method presented by PEFC Danmark. The exclusion of open land areas is based on a method

developed by the Danish Nature Agency.

The area of PEFC-certified areas in Denmark is 27.75% of total forest cover. If the calculation would take

into account the open land areas as well, the PEFC area would increase to 255,470 ha or 42.4 % of total

forest area.

Certification of compliance with PEFC-endorsed standards is not carried out by PEFC itself, but by

independent third parties, accredited certification bodies. Certification bodies also perform annual

surveillance audits and periodic re-assessment audits to proactively verify that a certified forest owner or

company maintains compliance with PEFC requirements.

To ensure independence and impartiality, PEFC requires certification bodies to be independent from the

standards development process and the entity they are certifying. Other requirements include:

Compliance with ISO/IEC 17021:2006 and/or ISO Guide 65:1996. ISO Guide 65 specifies, among

others, that certificates can only be granted after non-compliance has been corrected.

Technical competence in forest management and its economic, social and environmental impacts

and/or in forest-based product procurement and processing, and material flows in different stages

of processing and trading.

Auditors of certification bodies must meet the criteria for quality and environmental management

systems auditors as defined in ISO 19011:2002.

6 Note! Data presented in statistical overview, is not based on the Danish PEFC certification-standard, but is a result

of a method developed by the Danish Nature Agency, in which the open land areas, within the PEFC-certified areas

are subtracted from the total.

http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail?csnumber=29343

http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=26796

http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail?csnumber=31169

23

Figure 8: PEFC-certified forest area in Denmark

Table 3: PEFC-certified forest area in Denmark

NUTS-2 ha %

Hovedstaden 24,986 15.00%

Sjælland 11,525 6.92%

Syddanmark 32,466 19.49%

Midtjylland 70,922 42.57%

Nordjylland 26,707 16.03%

TOTAL 166,605 100%

24



1) FSC certified area in the whole country: 113,357 ha (excl. open areas)7

2) Country Average annual change of FSC-certified area: 0.98

Figure 9: FSC-certified forest area in Denmark

Approximately 75% of FSC certified forest in Denmark is located in Jutland, the western peninsula. FSC

certified forest in Denmark makes up 18.8% of total forest cover. The annual change is 0,98 % of the

113,357 ha.

7 Note! In accordance to the PEFC calculation, the FSC area (113,357 ha) presented in statistical overview is based

on a subtraction of open land areas based on the method developed by the Danish Nature Agency.

25

Table 4: FSC-certified forest area in Denmark

NUTS-2 ha %


Sjælland 61,038 5.38%




TOTAL 113,356 100%

Impartial certification bodies carry out FSC-certification in Denmark. The owner of the forest can choose

freely between the certification bodies. Once the certification is obtained, visits of inspection are carried

out at least on an annual basis. Unannounced visits of inspection are also carried out.

Approximately 400 enterprises are certified in Denmark according to the Danish FSC-standard.

Table 5: FSC certification in Denmark

Total forest cover FSC Change in FSC cover

per/year 0.98%

Change in FSC of total forest area

per/year

600,428 ha 113,357 ha 1110.89 ha 0.18%



1) Protected/designated forest area in the whole country: 66,442 ha

2) Country Average Protected/designated forest area in percent of total forest area: 11,07 %

Table 6: Types of NATURA 2000 forests in Denmark

Type nr. Name of Natura2000 forest

2180 Coastal dunes with near-natural woodland

9110 Luzulo-Fagetum beech forests

9120 Atlantic acidophilous beech forests with Ilex and sometimes also Taxus in the shrublayer

9130 Asperulo-Fagetum beech forests

9150 Medio-European limestone beech forests of the Cephalanthero-Fagion

9160 Sub-Atlantic oak-hornbeam forests (Stellario-Carpinetum)

9170 Galio-Carpinetum oak-hornbeam forests

9190 Old acidophilous oak woods with Quercus robur on sandy plains

91D0 Bog Woodland

91E0 Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior

26

The protected/designated areas make up 66,442 ha or 11.07 % of the total forest area in Denmark. The

total is a product of Natura 2000 areas in Denmark, which is a product of the birds- and habitats directive.

In Denmark we are obliged to protect 10 different types of forest listed below:

20,000 ha or 30 % of the total Natura 2000 area comprise of these 10 types of forest. The remaining

42,420 ha comprise of forest area providing habitats for 26 threatened species.

Figure 10: Protected / designated forest area in Denmark

Table 7: Protected / designated forest area in Denmark

NUTS-2 ha %


Sjælland 11,815 17.78%




TOTAL 66,442 100%

27


Ministries

Ministry of the Environment

Børsgade 4

1215 Copenhagen K

Denmark

Website: http://eng.mim.dk/

Phone: +45 72 54 60 00

Ministry of Climate, Energy and Building

Stormgade 2-6

1470 Copenhagen K

Denmark

Website: http://www.kebmin.dk

Phone: +45 33 92 28 00

Subordinated Bodies

The Danish Environmental Protection Agency

Strandgade 29

1401 Copenhagen K

Denmark

Website: http://eng.mst.dk/

Phone: +45 72 54 40 00

The Danish Nature Agency

Haraldsgade 53

2100 Copenhagen Ø

Denmark

Website: http://eng.naturstyrelsen.dk/

Phone: +45 72 54 30 00

28

The Danish Environmental Board of Appeal

Rentemestervej 8

2400 Copenhagen NV

Denmark

Website: http://nmkn.dk/om-naevnet/in-english/

Phone: +45 72 54 10 00

The Danish Energy Agency

Amaliegade 44

1256 Copenhagen K

Denmark

Website: http://www.ens.dk/en/

Phone: +45 33 92 67 00


DQS Denmark

Strømmen 32

8960 Randers

Denmark

Website: www.dqs-danmark.dk


Phone: +45 72 11 90 80

Biobraendselsforeningen (Enplus)

Vestergade 139

8600 Silkeborg

Denmark

Website: www.biobraendselsforeningen.dk

Phone: +45 29 41 21 04

29

Auditors

Det Norske Veritas Business Assurance

Tuborg Parkvej 8, 2nd Floor

2900 Hellerup

Denmark

Website: http://www.dnvba.com/dk

Phone: +45 39 45 48 00

Force Technology

Hjortekærsvej 99

2800 Kongens Lyngby

Denmark

Website: www.forcetechnology.com

Phone: +45 72 15 77 00

Teknologisk Institut

Gregersensvej 1

2630 Taastrup

Denmark

Website: www.teknologisk.dk

Phone: +45 72 20 20 00

National Bioenergy Associations

Danish Bioenergy Association

H. C. Andersens Boulevard 18

1787 Copenhagen V

Denmark

Website: www.bioenergi.di.dk

Phone: +45 33 77 33 77

30

Brancheforeningen for Biogas

Axeltorv 3

1609 Copenhagen V

Denmark

Website: http://www.biogasdk.dk

Phone: +45 27 24 59 67

Forestry NUTS 1-Level

The Danish Forest Association

Amalievej 20

1875 Frederiksberg C

Denmark

Website: http://www.skovforeningen.dk/site/english/


Phone: +45 33 24 42 66


Danish Bioenergy Assiciation (DI Energi)

1787 København V.

Denmark

Director: Troels Ranis

Chairman of the board: Jørgen M. Clausen, R.1.p.p.

Tel.: +45 3377 3683

Fax: +45 3377 3300


31

France


Total forest area:

17.000.000 ha


Development of forest area: nearly stabilized since 2006

Total carbon stock:

2.552.000.000 m³


Development of carbon stock: +25.000.000 m³/y

period 2005 – 2012


(only wood chips)

5.603.058 odt/y

≙ 12.606.880,5 m³/y8

Share of certified forest area:

30,68 %

PEFC 5.200.000 ha

30% of total forest area

FSC 16.000 ha

0,09 % of total forest area

Share of protected/designated forest area:

nearly 30 %

more than 5.000.000 ha


Score 71


32


Forest, Sustainability and Law

The forest is the largest terrestrial carbon storage to ecosystems is an important lever of policy to reduce

emissions of greenhouse.

Different laws govern the development of forests:

- Loi d’orientation forestière – 2001 (Ministry of agriculture and forest)

“Documents de gestion des forêts privées”: the law of forestry policy 2001 defines three categories of

records management for private forests:

o simple management plan (PSG) ;

o type of management regulations (RTG) ;

o the code of good forestry practices (CBPS).

A similar regulatory mechanism than “Documents de gestion des forêts privées” exists in state forests :

“l’aménagement forestier”. It’s produced by the “Office National des Forêts”.

- Loi d’Avenir Agriculture forêt – 2014 (Ministry of agriculture and forest) ;

- Grenelle de l’Environnement – 2007 ( Ministry of Ecology) : sets climate goals of France in 2020

- Loi de Programmation relative à la transition énergétique pour la Croissance verte (Ministry of

Ecology) : will set climate goals of France in 2030 : this Lows will be approved at the beginning of

2015. Currently, there is lots of debates in France to agree this low.

- Comité Stratégique Filière Bois : Ministry of agriculture and forest and Ministry of Economy and

actors of the wood industry : currently, they discuss to agree a contract

- Industry plans : Ministry of economy

Protected Areas

Protected Areas are introduced by the Environmental Code, Book III: Spaces naturels1. France has more

than 50 tools to protect the environment. The main types of protected area are for example: national park,

regional park, nature reserves, forestry biological reserves, wetlands, areas of ecological interest

Actions to protect biodiversity in forests emanate commitments of the “Grenelle de l’Environnement”

(2007) and the “National Biodiversity Strategy” with the implementation of actions related to the

improvement of knowledge, the business management practices favorable to the preservation of

biodiversity and increasing the number of protected species.

Natura 2000 network: must maintain or restore, at favorable conservation status of natural habitats and

habitats of species of flora and fauna of Community interest. It integrated national strategy for biodiversity.

It currently affects more than 3 million hectares of forest (Special protection areas for birds: 2,2 million ha,

Special areas of conservation of habitats: 1,8 million ha).

There are political restoration mountain land (RMT): to implement this policy, the state has gradually

acquired 380 000 ha.

33



13) Country Wood stock youngest date: 2 552 000 000 cubic meter

14) Country Average annual change of wood stock: 25 million cubic meter

Figure 11: Average annual change of wood stock in France

French wood stock is 2,5 billion cubic meter and French average change of wood stock is 25 million cubic

meter. This increase would be more important without storms of 1999 and 2009 (destruction of 200 million

cubic meter of wood).

There is 65% of hardwood and 35% of softwood timber and 136 forestry species. It depend of soils and

climate really varied in France. Large volumes of timber is measured in the mountains of the “Vosges”,

“Jura” and “Alpes du nord”, where there is excessive aging of tree stand.

34

Table 8: Average annual change of wood stock in France

NUTS 1 Region Average annual change of wood stock

Wood stock youngest date

Reference date column on the left




Ile-de-France 0,22% 80 000 000 2012 78 800 000 2005

FR-2 0,50% 606 000 000 2012 585 400 000 2005

Champagne-Ardennes 0,52% 127 000 000 2012 122 500 000 2005

Picardie 0,56% 58 000 000 2012 55 800 000 2005

Haute-Normandie 0,49% 42 000 000 2012 40 600 000 2005

Centre 0,47% 159 000 000 2012 153 900 000 2005

Basse-Normandie 0,56% 32 000 000 2012 30 800 000 2005

Bourgogne 0,49% 188 000 000 2012 181 800 000 2005

FR-3 0,60% 20 000 000 2012 19 200 000 2005

Nord-Pas-de-Calais 0,60% 20 000 000 2012 19 200 000 2005

FR-4 0,49% 417 000 000 2012 403 200 000 2005

Lorraine 0,51% 170 000 000 2012 164 100 000 2005

Alsace 0,50% 80 000 000 2012 77 300 000 2005

Franche-Comté 0,46% 167 000 000 2012 161 800 000 2005

FR-5 0,59% 173 000 000 2012 166 100 000 2005

Pays de la Loire 0,60% 57 000 000 2012 54 700 000 2005

Bretagne 0,55% 65 000 000 2012 62 600 000 2005

Poitou-Charentes 0,64% 51 000 000 2012 48 800 000 2005

FR-6 0,54% 510 000 000 2012 491 400 000 2005

Aquitaine 0,64% 213 000 000 2012 203 900 000 2005

Midi-Pyrénées 0,42% 188 000 000 2012 182 600 000 2005

Limousin 0,56% 109 000 000 2012 104 900 000 2005

FR-7 0,40% 472 000 000 2012 459 000 000 2005

Rhône-Alpes 0,38% 302 000 000 2012 294 100 000 2005

Auvergne 0,44% 170 000 000 2012 164 900 000 2005

FR-8 0,32% 274 000 000 2012 268 000 000 2005

Languedoc-Roussillon 0,41% 118 000 000 2012 114 700 000 2005

PACA 0,25% 115 000 000 2012 113 000 000 2005

Corse 0,25% 41 000 000 2012 40 300 000 2005

FR-9 0,15% 2 931 424 500

2012 2 874 607 440 1998

Guadeloupe -0,01% 26 424 500 2010 26 437 640 2006

Martinique

Guyane 0,09% 2 905 000 000 2013 2 848 169 800 1990

Réunion

References : La forêt et les industries du bois Agreste 2013 et http://inventaire-

forestier.ign.fr/spip/IMG/pdf/RS_0812_FR_RA.pdf

http://inventaire-forestier.ign.fr/spip/IMG/pdf/RS_0812_FR_RA.pdf


35



15) Country forest area youngest date: 17million ha

16) Country Average annual change of forest area: stabilized since 2006

Figure 12: Average annual change of forest area in France Different reference dates Youngest date 2012, elder date between 1990 and 2004

With 10% of the area of forests in the European Union, France is the place 4th, behind Sweden, Finland

and Spain.

Woodlands cover about 31% of the metropolitan area, nearly 17 million hectares. They are mainly located

in the Landes forest, on the Mediterranean, in mountainous areas and in the east. Forests overseas

departments cover more than 8 million hectares. Three-quarters of the forest metropolitan are private.

Public forest is managed by the National Forest Authority (ONF = Office National des Forêts).

Forest area has increased from 11 to 17 million hectares from 1945 to today. It folds than doubled in 15

countries and fell in only a few departments suburb of Paris as a result of urbanization, in the Marne, Aube

36

and Landes, because of storms in 1999 and 2009. However, this movement has slowed at the end of the

1990s and woodlands appear to have stabilized since 2006.

Table 9: Average annual change of forest area in France

NUTS 1 Region Forest area youngest date


Forest area elder date Reference date column on the left

[ha] [year] [ha] [Year]

FR-1 256 000 2012 271 000 1993

Ile-de-France 256 000 2012 271 000 1993

FR-2 3 424 000 2012 3 179 000 2001

Champagne-Ardennes 719 000 2012 664 000 1996

Picardie 324 000 2012 301 000 2002

Haute-Normandie 231 000 2012 225 000 2002

Centre 957 000 2012 879 000 2003

Basse-Normandie 179 000 2012 161 000 2001

Bourgogne 1 014 000 2012 949 000 2002

FR-3 106 000 2012 91 000 2000

Nord-Pas-de-Calais 106 000 2012 91 000 2000

FR-4 1 926 000 2012 1 839 000 1995

Lorraine 880 000 2012 838 000 1992

Alsace 317 000 2012 316 000 2001

Franche-Comté 729 000 2012 685 000 1993

FR-5 1 156 000 2012 1 017 000 1996

Pays de la Loire 351 000 2012 315 000 1997

Bretagne 386 000 2012 324 000 1997

Poitou-Charentes 419 000 2012 378 000 1994

FR-6 3 791 000 2012 3 612 000 2001

Aquitaine 1 837 000 2012 1 796 000 2000

Midi-Pyrénées 1 382 000 2012 1 236 000 1999

Limousin 572 000 2012 580 000 2003

FR-7 2 496 000 2012 2 241 000 2000

Rhône-Alpes 1 745 000 2012 1 539 000 1997

Auvergne 751 000 2012 702 000 2002

FR-8 3 269 000 2012 2 618 200 1999

Languedoc-Roussillon 1 251 000 2012 978 000 1993

PACA 1 524 000 2012 1 238 200 2000

Corse 494 000 2012 402 000 2004

FR-9 8 530 273 2013 8 346 081 2002

Guadeloupe 64 000 2013 64 450 2006

Martinique 46 273 2013 48 540 2004

Guyane 8 300 000 2013 8 137 628 1990

Réunion 120 000 2013 95 463 2008

References :

La forêt et les industries du bois Agreste 2013 et http://inventaire-

forestier.ign.fr/spip/IMG/pdf/RS_0812_FR_RA.pdf



37



17) PEFC certified area in the whole country: 5,2 million ha (30% of French forest area)

18) Country Average annual change of PEFC-certified area: no data

Figure 13: PEFC-certified forest area in France

Different references for each NUTS-region. No date data.

In France, 5,2 million ha are certificate PEFC. It means that 30% of French forest area is PEFC. It include

45 000 private foresters (2,2 million ha), 1,6 million ha of crown forest and 1,4 million ha of local authority

thereof forest.

78% of state forest is certificate PEFC and 14% of private forest is certificate PEFC. It’s more complicate

to increase the part of PEFC in private sector because it ‘s sometime difficult to contact private foresters.

The number of PEFC certified companies has tripled from 982 in 2006 to 2613 in 2011.

38

Table 10: PEFC-certified forest area in France

NUTS 1 Region Forest area youngest date [ha]

PEFC-certified area in percent of total forest area

[%]

FR-1 256 000 28%

Ile-de-France 256 000 28%

FR-2 3 424 000 38%

Champagne-Ardennes 719 000 49%

Picardie 324 000 35%

Haute-Normandie 231 000 44%

Centre 957 000 27%

Basse-Normandie 179 000 38%

Bourgogne 1 014 000 39%

FR-3 106 000 45%

Nord-Pas-de-Calais 106 000 45%

FR-4 1 926 000 54%

Lorraine 880 000 49%

Alsace 317 000 73%

Franche-Comté 729 000 51%

FR-5 1 156 000 22%

Pays de la Loire 351 000 34%

Bretagne 386 000 19%

Poitou-Charentes 419 000 15%

FR-6 3 791 000 29%

Aquitaine 1 837 000 43%

Midi-Pyrénées 1 382 000 15%

Limousin 572 000 19%

FR-7 2 496 000 25%

Rhône-Alpes 1 745 000 25%

Auvergne 751 000 24%

FR-8 3 269 000 19%

Languedoc-Roussillon 1 251 000 20%

PACA 1 524 000 20%

Corse 494 000 12%

FR-9 8 530 273 66%

Guadeloupe 64 000 60%

Martinique 46 273 33%

Guyane 8 300 000 66%

Réunion 120 000 84% References :

Different references for different regions (ex :

-Plaquette forêt Ile de France

-http://www.picardie-nature.org/IMG/pdf/PPRDF_de_Picardie_cle01f173.pdf

-http://draaf.haute-normandie.agriculture.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/PPRDF_site_cle0c7667.pdf

-CRPF, ONF, DRAAF

http://www.picardie-nature.org/IMG/pdf/PPRDF_de_Picardie_cle01f173.pdf

http://draaf.haute-normandie.agriculture.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/PPRDF_site_cle0c7667.pdf

39



19) FSC certified area in the whole country: 16 000 ha

20) Country Average annual change of FSC-certified area: no data

Figure 14: FSC-certified forest area in France

No date data

40



21) Protected/designated forest area in the whole country: more than 5 million ha

22) Country Average Protected/designated forest area in percent of total forest area: no data

Figure 15: Protected / designated forest area in France

Harvest of certified wood increased regularly to reach 58% of the total harvest of roundwood and 35% of

timber. More than 5 million hectares of production forests and over 2,600 companies mobilization,

processing or trading of wood are eco-usagres to guarantee that the products come from sustainably

managed forests.

41

Table 11: Protected / designated forest area in France

Forest area youngest date [ha]

protected/designated forest area in percent of

total forest area [%]

FR-1 256 000 8,4%

Ile-de-France 256 000 8,4%

FR-2 3 424 000 11,5%

Champagne-Ardennes 719 000 12,1%

Picardie 324 000 4,7%

Haute-Normandie 231 000 3,4%

Centre 957 000 17,8%

Basse-Normandie 179 000 7,6%

Bourgogne 1 014 000 12,5%

FR-3 106 000 2,7%

Nord-Pas-de-Calais 106 000 2,7%

FR-4 1 926 000 11,6%

Lorraine 880 000 7,0%

Alsace 317 000 16,9%

Franche-Comté 729 000 15,4%

FR-5 1 156 000 8,1%

Pays de la Loire 351 000 8,2%

Bretagne 386 000 3,6%

Poitou-Charentes 419 000 12,9%

FR-6 3 791 000 8,9%

Aquitaine 1 837 000 10,5%

Midi-Pyrénées 1 382 000 8,5%

Limousin 572 000 6,1%

FR-7 2 496 000 12,3%

Rhône-Alpes 1 745 000 11,0%

Auvergne 751 000 14,6%

FR-8 3 269 000 29,7%

Languedoc-Roussillon 1 251 000 33,2%

PACA 1 524 000 30,6%

Corse 494 000 15,4%

FR-9 8 530 273

Guadeloupe 64 000

Martinique 46 273

Guyane 8 300 000 44,6%

Réunion 120 000 Reference : http://www.statistiques.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/indicateurs-indices/f/1831/1346/part-superficie-sites-natura-2000.html

http://www.statistiques.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/indicateurs-indices/f/1831/1346/part-superficie-sites-natura-2000.html

http://www.statistiques.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/indicateurs-indices/f/1831/1346/part-superficie-sites-natura-2000.html

42


Ministries

Ministère de l'agriculture, de l'agroalimentaire et de la forêt

78 rue de varennes

75007 Paris

FRANCE

Website: http://agriculture.gouv.fr/

Phone: 01 49 55 49 55

Ministère de l'écologie, du développement durable et de l'énergie

Grande Arche Tour Pascal A et B

92055 La Défense CEDEX

FRANCE

Website: http://www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr

Phone: 01 40 81 21 22

Ministère de l'économie et des Finances

139 rue de Bercy

75572 Paris Cedex 12

FRANCE

Website: http://www.economie.gouv.fr/

Phone: 01 40 04 04 04

Subordinated Bodies

ADEME (Agence de l'environnement et de la maîtrise de l'énergie)

20 avenue du Grésillé

FRANCE

BP 90406, 49004 ANGERS CEDEX 01

Website: http://www.ademe.fr/

43


PEFC France

8 avenue de la république

75011 Paris

FRANCE

Website: http://www.pefc-france.org/


Phone: 01 43 46 57 15

National bioenergy associations

SER-FBE (Syndicat des énergies renouvelables / France biomasse énergie)

13-15 rue de la baume

75008 Paris

FRANCE

Website: http://www.enr.fr/


Phone: 01 48 78 05 60

CIBE (Comité interprofessionnel du bois énergie)

3 Rue Basfroi

75011 Paris

FRANCE

Website: http://www.cibe.fr/


Phone: 09 53 58 82 65

FEDENE (Fédération des services énergie environnemen)

28 Rue de la Pépinière

75008 Paris

FRANCE

Website: http://www.fedene.fr/

Phone: 01 44 70 63 90

44

UCFF (Union de la coopération forestière française)

9 rue Buffault

75009 Paris

FRANCE

Website: http://www.ucff.asso.fr/


Phone: 173548800

GCF (Groupe coopération forestière)

9 rue Buffault

75009 Paris

Website: http://www.ucff.asso.fr/GCF/templates/index.html

Phone: 173548800

ONF (Office National des Forêt)

2 avenue saint Mandé

75570 Paris Cedex 12

FRANCE

E-Mail: http://www.onf.fr/

Phone: 01 40 19 58 00

FPF (Forestiers privés de France)

6 Rue de la Trémoille

75008 Paris

FRANCE

Website: http://www.foretpriveefrancaise.com/

Phone: 01 47 20 36 32

FNB (Fédération nationale du bois)

6 rue François 1er

75008 Paris

Website: http://www.fnbois.com/

FBF (France bois forêt)

10 avenue Saint Mandé

75012 Paris

FRANCE

Website: http://franceboisforet.com/

45

FBIE (France bois industries entreprises)

10 avenue de Saint Mandé

75012 Paris

FRANCE

Website: http://fbie.org/


Phone: 01 40 19 49 92

ATEE (Association technique énergie environnement)

47 Avenue Laplace

94110 Arcueil

FRANCE

Website: http://www.atee.fr/

FNCOFOR (Fédération nationale des communes foretières)

13 rue du Général Bertrand

75007 Paris

FRANCE

Website: http://portail.fncofor.fr/

Phone: 01 45 67 47 98

PROPELLET

256 avenue de la République

73000 Chambéry

FRANCE

Website: http://www.propellet.fr/


SNPGB (Syndicat national des producteurs de granulés de bois)

6 rue françois 1er

75008 Paris

Website: http://www.snpgb.fr/

Phone: 01 56 69 52 00

46

Forestry NUTS I - Level

ALLIANCE FORETS BOIS

80 route d’Arcachon - Pierroton

33610 CESTAS

FRANCE

Website: www.allianceforetsbois.fr


Phone: 05 40 120 100

CF2A96

rue Jean Moulin,

80000 AMIENS

FRANCE

Website: www.cf-2a.fr/


Phone: 03.22.45.35.22

CFBL

Parc de l'Empereur, BP 85,

19200 USSEL

Website: www.cfbl.fr


Phone: 05 55 46 35 00

COFA

17, rue du Château, Villers Semeuse

8013 CHARLEVILLE MEZIERES

Website: www.foret-ardennes.fr/


Phone: 03.24.57.52.11

COFNOR

6, place de la Piquerie

59132 TRELON

Website: www.cofnor.com


Phone: 03.27.59.71.27

47

COFORAISNE

25 rue Colbert

2000 CHAMBRY

Website: www.foret-aisne.com


Phone: 03.23.23.35.06

COFORET

Route de Lyon

69870 LAMURE S/AZERGUES

Website: www.coforet.com


Phone: 04.74.03.14.38

COFOROUEST

Maison de la Forêt 62, Rue Toulouse Lautrec

27008 EVREUX

Website: www.coforouest.fr


Phone: 02.32.28.71.70

COSYLVA

ZA de Sautès

11878 CARCASSONNE

Website: www.cosylval.fr


Phone: 03.88.19.17.55

COSYLVAL

2, rue de Rome

67309 SCHILTIGHEIM

FRANCE

Website: www.foretsetboisdelest.com


Phone: 03 29 29 11 20

48

F&BE

La Colombière 17, rue André Vitu

88026 EPINAL

FRANCE

LA FORET PRIVEE LOZERIENNE ET GARDOISE

16, Quai de Berlière

48000 MENDE

FRANCE

Website: www.fplg.fr


Phone: 04.66.65.39.69

NORD SEINE FORET

27, rue d'Amiens BP 159

60200 COMPIEGNE

FRANCE

Website: www.unsf.fr


Phone: 03.44.90.36.00

PROVENCE FORET

Europole de l'Arbois - BP 50005 Avenue Louis Philibert

13545 AIX EN PROVENCE

FRANCE

Website: www.provenceforet.fr


Phone: 04.42.90.73.37

SILVACOOP

105 cours Napoléon 20000 Ajaccio

20000 Ajaccio

FRANCE

Website: www.sylva-bois.fr/


Phone: 05.65.73.77.31

49

SYLVA BOIS

Carrefour de l'Agriculture 5, Bld du 122è RI

12026 RODEZ

UNISYLVA

31 avenue Baudin - CS 30260

87007 LIMOGES

FRANCE

Website: www.unisylva.fr


Phone: 05 55 77 00


French Biomass Energy (FBE)

13-15 rue de la Baume

75008 Paris

FRANCE

Project Manager: Sabrina Fuseliez

Tel.: +33 (0)1 48 78 56 12

Fax: + 33 (0)1 48 78 09 07


50

Germany


Total forest area:

10.949.160 ha


Development of forest area: + 2,8 %

period 2005 - 2012

Total carbon stock: 3.004.122.181 m³


Development of carbon stock: annual development: -0,8 %

≙ 24.032.977,45 m³

period 2002 – 2012


(only wood chips)

14.399.067 odt/y

≙ 32.397.900,75 m³/y9

Share of certified forest area: 71,69 %

PEFC 7.300.000 ha

61 % of total forest area

FSC 550.000 ha

5 % of total forest area

Share of protected/designated forest area: 4,9 %

545.606 ha


Score 79


51


In Germany, the forest industry is the most significant form of land use after agriculture. It extends over

11.1 million hectares or 31% of the land area. Forest management in Germany is subject to various laws,

regulations, agreements and guidelines. In the first place, the Federal Forest Act and the individual forest

laws of the federal lands are mentioned.

In addition to these Acts, other laws such as the Federal Nature Conservation Act, the Hunting Act, the

Agricultural and Land Management Act, the Plant Protection Act, the Occupational Safety Act and Health

Act etc. apply. These rules are supplemented by regulations such as the corporate forest regulation,

regulation of private forests etc. as well as guidelines for forest development, young stock maintenance,

skid trails or the procurement rules of the Federation for wood products. These provide a statement of

requirements p.e. for the procurement of wood products that have to come from sustainable forest

management. This procurement rules are an important contribution to the promotion of sustainable forest

management and forest conservation worldwide.

Laws at the federal / national level

The Federal Forest Act (short in german: BWaldG) came into force on 1975 for the purposes of

conservation of forests and forestry support. The economic benefits, the importance of forests for

environmental and recreational functions have to be maintained. the protective, productive and

recreational functions of forest are to be ensured continuous and long term. The Federal Forest Act

protects the forest especially against deforestation and indiscriminate use for other land use purposes

(conversion).

The forest is to be managed in a properly way, that means management has to be sustainable, done with

care and properly according to recognized forestry principles.

Thus, in Germany forest owners are legally obligated, among other things, to reforest cutover forest land

or defoliated forest resources in a reasonable time.

Harvesting measures, which cause clearcuts and lead at least temporarily to loss of protective functions of

forest are prohibited. Exceptions are possible for reasons of forest protection or after natural events such

as storms or forest fires or because of special reasons concerning the protection of species and habitats.

Furthermore, forestry should be encouraged and will need to strike a balance between the interests of the

forest owners and the public interest. Timber production is an important service to society and an

important forest function. German wood, which is produced in a sustainable way is the basis for the

economic supply particularly in rural area. It is our most important renewable resource and the basis for

many jobs.

52

Federal Nature Conservation Act

According to the Act, near-natural forests should be managed in a sustainable way without causing

clearcuts. Mainly indigenous plant species should be cultivated. Furthermore, the forest is a region with

favorable climatic effect and air exchange paths. It has to be obtained, developed or restored.

Plant Protection Act

In Forestry the Plant Protection Act is mainly pertaining to the prevention and control of tree diseases or

damage caused by animals. Any mechanical, biological and chemical measures are available. Since

2012, the new Plant Protection Act is in force. The changes mainly concern the availability of plant

protection products containing application, the documentation of the insert and the proficiency certification.

Renewable Energy Law

With the entry into force of the 3rd EEG amendment on 1 January 2012, the objective is to develop the

production of electricity from renewable energy sources, taking into account the development of residues

from agriculture (p.e. manure, litter), residues of landscaping material, wood residues from forests and

fast-growing trees from short rotation plantations.

Laws at land / provincial level

The forest laws of the provinces are created out of a legal requirement of the Federal Law on Forests, and

may go into greater detail on particular aspects. Main contents are forest management and forest

conservation. It is also about entering the forest, waste disposal, road construction, supervision, fines, fire

protection, afforestation, etc.

According to the various forest laws that can hardly be differentiated as regards content, a proper forestry

is characterized by the following points:

long-term nature of forest production

Ensuring of sustainable timber production and conservation of forest ecosystems as habitat of a

species-rich flora and fauna (by promoting healthy, stable and diverse forests)

Avoidance of large-scale clear-cutting

Selection of native tree species using appropriate seeds, utilization of the natural regeneration

greatest possible protection of landscape, soil and inventory but also a forest exploitation in a

needs-oriented way

careful approach, especially in context of rejuvenation measures, timber harvesting and the

transport of timber

Use of soil-saving techniques and harvesting

Use of plant nutrients to maintain or improve soil fertility

Avoidance of chemical pesticides, use the possibilities of integrated pest management

53

Development of game densities, which adapt to the forest resources and their regeneration, and

development of measures to prevent damages caused by wildlife

Adequat share of old and dead wood as natural habitat for animals, plants and other organisms

Protected Areas

In Germany there are plenty of categories of protected areas. They are based on the Federal Nature

Conservation Act (BNatSchG) and differ in their size, their protection purpose and level of the protection

target and the resulting restrictions of use. Areas of different categories can both overlap partially and be

identical.

• Nature Protection Area

A special protection of nature and landscape in its entirety or in individual parts is required in Nature

Reserves. The habitats, biotopes or communities of certain species of wild fauna and flora are

conservated, developed and restorated because of scientific, natural history or national heritage reasons

or because of their rarity, specific and characteristic features or their outstanding beauty.

In Germany there are 8589 Nature Reserves (as at 2012), that sum up an area ratio of 3.8 % of the total

area of Germany. In the northern parts of Germany there are significantly more protected areas than in

the south of Germany.

• National Park

In Germany so far 15 national parks have been designated with a total area of 1.039.558 ha. National

parks are large-scaled, unfragmented areas of special character. A large part of the area fulfills the

qualifications as a nature reserve. National parks shall be protected in the same way as nature reserves.

All natural dynamics and processes in a National Park should be guaranteed without any kind of influence

of man. National Parks can also provide an opportunity for scientific environmental monitoring, natural

history education and recreation, as far as there is no impact on the local conditions.

• Biosphere Reserve

Biosphere reserves are large-scaled areas that are characteristic for certain types of landscapes. They

shall both be protected and developed. Currently, there are 19 Biosphere Reserves in Germany. They

comply both with the requirements of a conservation area and with a protected landscape. Biosphere

Reserves consist of core zones, buffer zones and development zones. The target is to maintain, develop

or restore the area by sticking to traditional, historical and cultural forms of land use and considerate

farming strategies. The landscape of Biosphere Reserves is affected by these manifold historical und

traditional cultural forms. The result is a large floral and faunal biodiversity.

54

• Landscape Protection Area

The protection target is to preserve, develop or restore the efficiency and performance of the ecosystem

and the ability to regenerate and the sustainable use of natural assets, including the habitats of the

species of wild fauna and flora. Protection is also required because of the special importance of the

recreation and the cultural and historical significance of the area. The 8.210 more or less evenly spread

landscape protection areas sum up about 28 % of the area of Germany (as at 2012).

• Nature Park

Nature Parks are large-scaled areas. They stand out due to their recreational value and are suitable for

sustainable tourism. They are predominant landscape protection areas and nature reserves. Nature parks

shall be planned, organized, developed and refined in a sustainable way. There are currently 104

designated Nature Parks in Germany. They cover 27% of the land area of Germany with a more or less

even distribution (as of 2012).

• NATURA-2000 Area

"Natura 2000" means a coherent network of protected areas within the European Union according to the

requirements of the Habitats Directive (Directive 92/43/EWG, Habitats Directive) and the Bird

Conservation Directive (Directive 79/409/EWG) is built. Registered Habitats and Birds regions may

overlap spatially. The two guidelines provide a comprehensive legal instrument for habitat and species

protection. They strive for the goal to implement the conservation of biological diversity of species and

habitats. According to the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN) Germany has designated 5.253

FFH-areas as at 2013/2014, which comprise 15.4% of the terrestrial and 45% of the marine area of

Germany. Particularly large FFH and bird protection areas mostly are located on the coasts of Germany.

Other areas are evenly spread over Germany.

• Natural Monument

Natural monuments are elements of the landscape with natural origin and established as legally binding. A

Natural Monument can be either a single isolated structure (e.g. a tree) or a nature monument area up to

five hectares (e.g. a meadow). The special protection is required because of scientific reasons, their

natural history, national heritage or because of their rarity, uniqueness and beauty.

• Protected landscape Component

Protected Landscape Elements are usually small-scaled, manageable structures (e.g. a hedge, a group of

trees). They serve as organization and maintenance of the landscape or embellish the image of the

landscape. The protection is necessary because of their importance as a habitat of certain animal and

plant species and to maintain, develop or restore the function of the ecosystem.

55

• Legally Protected Biotope

Certain parts of nature and landscape that have a special meaning as habitats are protected in Germany

from sustainable negative interventions. The quality of protection corresponds to the protection of nature

conservation areas. Legally Protected Biotopes are p.e. natural or semi-natural areas running and

standing inland waterways, including their banks, bogs, marshes, reedbeds, open inland dunes, dry

grassland, marsh, swamp and floodplain forests, open rock formations, sea cliffs, coastal dunes, sand

banks, etc.

Besides the protection categories above there are designations of healing source protection zones,

marine protected areas, water protection areas (according to WHG: §19), forest reserves, eyrie protection

zones, etc.

Currently there are further designation processes.

56



1) Country Wood stock 2012 : 3004122181,00 cubic meter10

2) Country Average annual change of wood stock: -0,8 %

Figure 16: Average annual change of wood stock in Germany

Different date references: Berlin (2009-2012), Others (elder date: 2002, youngest date: 2007-2010)

Source:

PEFC, regional forest documentation of Baden-Württemberg: https://pefc.de/tl_files/dokumente/fuer_waldbesitzer/Dokumente%20RAG%20%C2%B4en/Baden-Wuerttemberg/Regionaler%20Waldbericht_Endfassung_2010.pdf PEFC, Regional Forest Documentation of Bavaria: https://pefc.de/tl_files/dokumente/fuer_waldbesitzer/Dokumente%20RAG%20%C2%B4en/Bayern/RWB%202010_PEFC%20Bayern.pdf Senatsverwaltung für Stadtentwicklung und Umwelt, http://www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/aktuell/pressebox/archiv_volltext.shtml?arch_1203/nachricht4619.html PEFC, Regional Forest Documentation Brandenburg, https://pefc.de/tl_files/dokumente/fuer_waldbesitzer/Dokumente%20RAG%20%C2%B4en/Brandenburg/PEFC_RAGBrandenburg_2010.pdf

10 Without the federal state of Bremen

https://pefc.de/tl_files/dokumente/fuer_waldbesitzer/Dokumente%20RAG%20%C2%B4en/Baden-Wuerttemberg/Regionaler%20Waldbericht_Endfassung_2010.pdf

https://pefc.de/tl_files/dokumente/fuer_waldbesitzer/Dokumente%20RAG%20%C2%B4en/Baden-Wuerttemberg/Regionaler%20Waldbericht_Endfassung_2010.pdf

https://pefc.de/tl_files/dokumente/fuer_waldbesitzer/Dokumente%20RAG%20%C2%B4en/Bayern/RWB%202010_PEFC%20Bayern.pdf

https://pefc.de/tl_files/dokumente/fuer_waldbesitzer/Dokumente%20RAG%20%C2%B4en/Bayern/RWB%202010_PEFC%20Bayern.pdf

http://www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/aktuell/pressebox/archiv_volltext.shtml?arch_1203/nachricht4619.html

https://pefc.de/tl_files/dokumente/fuer_waldbesitzer/Dokumente%20RAG%20%C2%B4en/Brandenburg/PEFC_RAGBrandenburg_2010.pdf

https://pefc.de/tl_files/dokumente/fuer_waldbesitzer/Dokumente%20RAG%20%C2%B4en/Brandenburg/PEFC_RAGBrandenburg_2010.pdf

57

PEFC, Regional Forest Documentation Hessen; https://pefc.de/tl_files/dokumente/fuer_waldbesitzer/Dokumente%20RAG%20%C2%B4en/Hessen/he_2010_text.pdf PEFC, Regional Forest Documentation Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 2008, http://www.wald-mv.de/style-a3/forstwirt/lib/media.php?id=252 Nordwestdeutsche forstliche Versuchsanstalt, Forest Carbon Study Lower Saxony, webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/univerlag/2011/NWFVA6_kohlenstoffstudie.pdf PEFC, Regional forest documentation, https://pefc.de/tl_files/dokumente/fuer_waldbesitzer/Dokumente%20RAG%20%C2%B4en/Nordrhein-Westfalen/NRW_2011_normIND.pdf PEFC, Regional State Forest Documentation, https://pefc.de/tl_files/dokumente/fuer_waldbesitzer/Dokumente%20RAG%20%C2%B4en/Rheinland-Pfalz/WB_Text_RP_2010.pdf Aims, task description and guidelines of Saarforest 2010 http://www.lebensenergie-riegelsberg.de/downloads/MUEV_Flyer_Saarforst_A5_WEB_Ansicht.pdf PEFC, Regional Forest Documentation of Saxony by the PEFC working group, https://pefc.de/tl_files/dokumente/fuer_waldbesitzer/Dokumente%20RAG%20%C2%B4en/Sachsen/WB_Sachsen_Text_2011.pdf Nordwestdeutsche forstliche Versuchsanstalt,Forest Carbon study Saxony-Anhalt, http://www.nw-fva.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Verwaltung/Publikationen/2012/Kohlenstoffstudie_Sachsen-Anhalt.pdf Nordwestdeutsche forstliche Versuchsanstalt, Forest Carbon Study Schleswig-Holstein, http://www.schleswig-holstein.de/UmweltLandwirtschaft/DE/NaturschutzForstJagd/06_Wald/022_Kohlenstoffstudie/PDF/Kohlenstoffstudie__blob=publicationFile.pdf Cluster Wald und Holz, Opportunities for Thuringia, www.gate-project.org/uploads/cluster160107.pdf

Table 12: Average annual change of wood stock in Germany

NUTS 1 Region

Average annual change of wood

stock


Reference date column

E


Reference date column H


DE-1 -6,01% 278633797,00 2009 480925000,00 2002

DE-2 -3,05% 721999905,00 2010 954981000,00 2002

DE-3 0,72% 5700000,00 2012 5580000,00 2009

DE-4 3,95% 289303419,00 2010 219881000,00 2002

DE-5 No data No data No data No data No data

DE-6 No data 610000,00 2014 No data No data

DE-7 0,43% 265000000,00 2010 256233000,00 2002

DE-8 2,98% 146000000,00 2008 123883000,00 2002

DE-9 -0,61% 287000000,00 2007 296000000,00 2002

DE-A 0,57% 268771000,00 2008 259929000,00 2002

DE-B 2,39% 268000000,00 2008 234415000,00 2002

DE-C -6,42% 12100000,00 2010 24880000,00 2002

DE-D 6,23% 159604060,00 2008 116164000,00 2002

DE-E 0,86% 104400000,00 2007 100084000,00 2002

DE-F 0,28% 45000000,00 2007 44372000,00 2002

DE-G 1,27% 152000000,00 2007 142925000,00 2002

The wood stock in Germany in 2012 is 3.004.122.181 cubic meter. The average of the annual change of

wood stock between 2002-2012 is -0,8 %. All over Germany there has been a loss of the total amount of

wood stock from 2002 to 2012 from 7,8%.

https://pefc.de/tl_files/dokumente/fuer_waldbesitzer/Dokumente%20RAG%20%C2%B4en/Hessen/he_2010_text.pdf

http://www.wald-mv.de/style-a3/forstwirt/lib/media.php?id=252

http://www.wald-mv.de/style-a3/forstwirt/lib/media.php?id=252

https://pefc.de/tl_files/dokumente/fuer_waldbesitzer/Dokumente%20RAG%20%C2%B4en/Nordrhein-Westfalen/NRW_2011_normIND.pdf

https://pefc.de/tl_files/dokumente/fuer_waldbesitzer/Dokumente%20RAG%20%C2%B4en/Nordrhein-Westfalen/NRW_2011_normIND.pdf

https://pefc.de/tl_files/dokumente/fuer_waldbesitzer/Dokumente%20RAG%20%C2%B4en/Rheinland-Pfalz/WB_Text_RP_2010.pdf

http://www.lebensenergie-riegelsberg.de/downloads/MUEV_Flyer_Saarforst_A5_WEB_Ansicht.pdf

https://pefc.de/tl_files/dokumente/fuer_waldbesitzer/Dokumente%20RAG%20%C2%B4en/Sachsen/WB_Sachsen_Text_2011.pdf

http://www.nw-fva.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Verwaltung/Publikationen/2012/Kohlenstoffstudie_Sachsen-Anhalt.pdf

http://www.schleswig-holstein.de/UmweltLandwirtschaft/DE/NaturschutzForstJagd/06_Wald/022_Kohlenstoffstudie/PDF/Kohlenstoffstudie__blob=publicationFile.pdf



http://www.gate-project.org/uploads/cluster160107.pdf

58



3) Country forest area youngest date: 10.949.160 ha

4) Percental change of forest area between 2005 and 2012: 2,8 %

Figure 17: Average annual change of forest area in Germany

Different date references: elder date: 2005, youngest date: 2006-2012

In general there is an annual growth of forest area in Germany. Especially in Mecklenburg-West

Pomerania there is a growth of forest area of 4,26% since 2005. A loss of forest area is monitored in

Thuringia with -0,05%. In the northern states of Hamburg, Schleswig-Holstein, Bremen and Lower Saxony

there is a stagnancy or a minimal growth of forest area (< 1%). All other federal states in Germany have

annual growth rates of more than 1%.

59

Table 13: Average annual change of wood stock in Germany

NUTS

Average annual change of forest

area in %

Forest area youngest date

(ha)

Reference date

column L Forest area

elder date (ha) Reference date

column O

DE1 1,7 1386200 2010 1363000 2005

DE2 0,57 2533333 2010 2463400 2005

DE3 0,62 16500 2009 16100 2005

DE4 1,24 1100013 2010 1035900 2005

DE5 0,05

800 2005

DE6 1,73 4704 2009 4400 2005

DE7 1,94 894806 2008 845500 2005

DE8 4,26 516000 2006 494900 2005

DE9 0 1011400 2005 1011400 2005

DEA 0,47 873200 2011 849300 2005

DEB 0,32 834000 2009 823600 2005

DEC 1,32 92700 2011 85900 2005

DED 0,98 523292 2011 494300 2005

DEE 0,13 492000 2012 487700 2005

DEF 0 157000 2005 157000 2005

DEG -0,05 514012 2011 515700 2005

60



5) Average PEFC certified area in percent of total forest area in the whole country: 61 %

6) PEFC certified area in Germany: 7,3 Mio. Ha

Figure 18: PEFC-certified forest area in Germany

No date data

61

Table 14: PEFC-certified forest area in Germany

NUTS 1 Region PEFC-certified area in percent of total forest

area

[%]

DE-1 81%

DE-2 75%

DE-3 No data

DE-4 35%

DE-5 No data

DE-6 No data

DE-7 89%

DE-8 38%

DE-9 70

DE-A 66%

DE-B 69%

DE-C 74%

DE-D 51%

DE-E 45%

DE-F 37%

DE-G 70%

PEFC is a transparent and independent certification system. 61 % of the whole forest area in Germany is

certified by PEFC. That comes up to 7,3 million hectare. The percentage of PEFC-certified area in

Germany on NUTS-1-Level (Federal states) is quite different. The highest percentage is found in the

southern state of Baden-Württemberg (81%) and Hessen (88%). In most of the other federal states the

percentage of PEFC certified forest area compared to the total forest area lies between 66 – 75% in the

densely wooded states of Bavaria, Thuringia, North Rhine-Westphalia, Lower Saxony, Rhineland-

Palatinate and the Saarland in the west. The north eastern states of Schleswig-Holstein, Mecklenburg-

West Pomerania and Brandenburg have a percentage of PEFC-certified forest area of less than 40%.

62



7) FSC certified area in Germany: 550.000 ha

Figure 19: FSC-certified forest area in Germany

No date data

63

Table 15: FSC-certified forest area in Germany

NUTS 1 Region FSC-certified area in percent of total forest area

[%]

DE-1 26%

DE-2 2%

DE-3 100?%

DE-4 3%

DE-5 0%

DE-6 100%

DE-7 3%

DE-8 3%

DE-9 1%

DE-A 17%

DE-B 23%

DE-C 52%

DE-D 1%

DE-E 2%

DE-F 39%

DE-G 0%

In Germany an area of 550.000 ha is certified by FSC. All sorts of forest ownership are certified by FSC:

private forests, federal and municipal forests and also forests within the ownership of the church or

foundations. In the western federal state of Saarland more than 52% of the whole forest area is certified

by FSC. Also in Schleswig-Holstein there are more than 39% of all forest areas certified by FSC. High

amounts of certified forest area also exist in North Rhine-Wetsphalia (17%), Rhineland-Palatinate (23%)

and Baden-Württemberg (26%). In all other federal states the percentage is between 0 – 3 %.

64



8) Protected/designated forest area in the whole country: 545.606 ha

9) Country Average Protected/designated forest area in percent of total forest area: 4.9 %

Figure 20: Protected / designated forest area in Germany

65

Table 16: Protected / designated forest area in Germany

NUTS 1 Region protected/designated forest area in percent of

total forest area

[%]

DE-1 0%

DE-2 2%

DE-3 8%

DE-4 8%

DE-5 3%

DE-6 3%

DE-7 3%

DE-8 15%

DE-9 3%

DE-A 4%

DE-B 3%

DE-C 3%

DE-D 8%

DE-E 11%

DE-F 5%

DE-G 6%

There are different types of protected areas in Germany. Especially in the eastern states of Germany the

percentage of protected forest area is higher than in the western states. In Mecklenburg-West Pomerania

(15%), in Saxony-Anhalt (11%), Berlin (8%), Brandenburg (8%) and Saxony (8%) the percentage is

comparatively quite high. In most of the western states the percentage is between 0.4 – 5 %. In these

protected areas a removal of wood residues is not possible.

66


Ministries

Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft (BMEL)

Wilhelmstraße 54

10117 Berlin

Land: Berlin

Website: http://www.bmel.de/DE/Startseite/startseite_node.html


Phone: 03 0 / 1 85 29 – 0

Ministerium für Umwelt,Klima und Energiewirtschaft Baden Württemberg

Kernerplatz 9

70182 Stuttgart

Land: Baden Württemberg

Website: http://um.baden-wuerttemberg.de/de/startseite/


Phone: 0711/126-0

Bayerisches Staatsministerium für

Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten

Ludwigstraße 2

80539 München

Land: Bayern

Website: http://www.stmelf.bayern.de/


Phone: 089 2182-0

Ministerium für Umwelt, Gesundheit und Verbraucherschutz

Heinrich-Mann-Allee 103

14473 Potsdam

Land: Brandenburg

Website: http://www.brandenburg.de/cms/list.php/bbstart


Phone: (0331) 866-0

67

Hessisches Ministerium für Umwelt, Klimaschutz, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz

Mainzer Straße 80

65189 Wiesbaden

Land: Hessen

Website: https://umweltministerium.hessen.de/


Phone: 0611- 815 0

Ministerium für Landwirtschaft, Umwelt und Verbraucherschutz Mecklenburg-Vorpommern

Paulshöher Weg 1

19061 Schwerin

Land: Mecklenburg-Vorpommern

Website: http://www.regierung-mv.de/cms2/Regierungsportal_prod/Regierungsportal/de/lm/index.jsp


Phone: 0385-588 0

Niedersächsisches Ministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz

Calenberger Straße 2

30169 Hannover

Land: Niedersachsen

Website: http://www.ml.niedersachsen.de/home/


Phone: (0511) 120 - 2095/2135/2136/2137

Ministerium für Klimaschutz, Umwelt, Landwirtschaft, Natur- und Verbraucherschutz des Landes

Nordrhein-Westfalen

Schwannstr. 3

40476 Düsseldorf

Land: Nordrhein Westfalen

Website: http://www.umwelt.nrw.de/


Phone: 0211 / 45 66 – 0

68

Ministerium für Umwelt, Landwirtschaft, Ernährung, Weinbau und Forsten

Kaiser-Friedrich-Straße 1

55116 Mainz

Land: Rheinland-Pfalz

Website: http://mulewf.rlp.de/


Phone: 06131/16-0

Sächsisches Staatsministerium für Umwelt und Landwirtschaft

Postfach 10 05 10

1076 Dresden

Land: Sachsen

Website: http://www.smul.sachsen.de/index.html


Phone: 0351 564-0

Ministerium für Landwirtschaft und Umwelt

Leipziger Str. 58

39112 Magdeburg

Land: Sachsen-Anhalt

Website: http://www.mlu.sachsen-anhalt.de/startseite-mlu/


Phone: 0391/ 567-1950

Saarland - Ministerium für Umwelt und Verbraucherschutz

Keplerstraße 18

66117 Saarland

Land: Saarland

Website: http://www.saarland.de/ministerium_umwelt_verbraucherschutz.htm


Phone: (0681) 501-4500

69

Ministerium für Energiewende, Landwirtschaft, Umwelt und ländliche Räume

Mercatorstraße 3

24106 Kiel

Land: Schleswig-Holstein

Website: http://www.schleswig-holstein.de/MELUR/DE/MELUR_node.html


Phone: 0431 988-0

Thüringer Ministerium für Landwirtschaft,

Forsten, Umwelt und Naturschutz

Beethovenstraße 3

99096 Erfurt

Land: Thüringen

Website: http://www.thueringen.de/th8/tmlfun/index.aspx


Phone: (0361) 37 900

Subordinated Bodies

Bundesanstalt für Immobilienaufgaben

Ellerstraße 56

53119 Bonn


Website: http://www.bundesimmobilien.de/


Phone: 0228 / 37787-0

Biologische Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft (bba)

Messeweg 11-12

38104 Braunschweig

Land: Niedersachsen

Website: http://www.jki.bund.de/


Phone: 09531299-5

70

Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Ländliche Räume, Wald und

Fischerei

Bundesallee 50

38116 Braunschweig

Land: Niedersachsen

Website: http://www.ti.bund.de


Phone: 0531 / 596 – 1003

Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e. V.

Hansastraße 27 c

80686 München

Land: Bayern

Website: www.fraunhofer.de



FSC Arbeitsgruppe Deutschland e. V.

Merzhauser Str. 183

79100 Freiburg

Land: Baden-Württemberg

Website: http://www.fsc-deutschland.de/index.htm


Phone: 0761-386 53 50

PEFC Deutschland e.V.

Tübinger Straße 15

70178 Stuttgart


Website: www.pefc.de


Phone: 0711 24840-31

71

Auditors

ISCC System GmbH

Weissenburgstr. 53

50670 Köln


Website: http://www.iscc-system.org/


Phone: 221-17932966

SGS Société Générale de Surveillance Holding (Deutschland) GmbH

Rödingsmarkt 16

20459 Hamburg

Land: Hamburg

Website: http://www.sgsgroup.de/de-DE.aspx

Phone: 040 30101 0

TÜV SÜD AG

Westendstraße 199

80686 München

Land: Bayern

Website: http://www.tuev-sued.de/home_de


Phone: 089/5791-0

TÜV Rheinland AG

Am Grauen Stein

51105 Köln


Website: http://www.tuv.com/de/deutschland/home.jsp


Phone: 0221 / 806 – 0

72


Bundesverband BioEnergie e.V. (BBE)


53175 Bonn


Website: http://bioenergie.de/index.php


Phone: 0228/ 81 002-22

Deutscher Bauernverband e.V.

Claire-Waldoff-Straße 7

10117 Berlin

Land: Berlin

Website: http://www.bauernverband.de/


Phone: 030/31904-407

Arbeitsgemeinschaft Deutscher Waldbesitzerverbände e.V.

Claire-Waldoff-Str. 7

10117 Berlin

Land: Berlin

Website: http://www.waldeigentuemer.de/


Phone: 030 - 3180 7923

BAV - Bundesverband der Altholzaufbereiter und -verwerter e. V.

Behrenstraße 29

10117 Berlin

Land: Berlin

Website: http://www.altholzverband.de/


Phone: 030 - 59 00 335 – 28

73

Zentralverband Gartenbau e. V. (ZVG)


53175 Bonn


Website: http://www.g-net.de/index.php


Phone: 02 28 8 10 02-0

Deutscher Energieholz- und Pellet-Verband e.V. (DEPV)

Neustädtische Kirchstraße 8

10117 Berlin

Land: Berlin

Website: http://www.depv.de/de/home/news/


Phone: 030 688 1599 66

Verband der Holzwirtschaft und Kunststoffverarbeitung Bayern/Thüringen e.V.

Frankfurter Ring 243

80807 München

Land: Bayern

Website: http://www.holzverband.de/


Phone: 089-322093-0

Centrales Agrar-Rohstoff Marketing- und Energie-Netzwerk e.V.

Schulgasse 18

94315 Straubing

Land: Bayern

Website: http://www.carmen-ev.de/index.php


Phone: 9421 960-300

74

Forum für Zukunftsenergien e.V.

Reinhardtstraße 3

10117 Berlin

Land: Berlin

Website: www.zukunftsenergien.de


Phone: 030 / 72 61 59 98 – 0

Kompetenzzentrum HessenRohstoffe (HeRo) e.V.

Am Sande 20

37213 Witzenhausen

Land: Hessen

Website: http://www.hmuklv.hessen.de


Phone: 05542 / 3038 350

Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Elektrizitätsanwendung in der Landwirtschaft e.V. AEL

Reinhardtstraße 32

10117 Berlin

Land: Berlin

Website: http://www.ael-online.de/

E-Mail: ael©ael-online.de

Phone: 030 300199-1373


Forstliche Versuchs- und Forschungsanstalt Baden-Württemberg

Wonnhaldestraße 4

79100 Freiburg


Website: www.fva-bw.de


Phone: 0761 / 4018 – 0

75

Bayerische Landesanstalt für Wald und Forstwirtschaft

Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 1

85354 Freising

Land: Bayern

Website: [email protected]


Phone: 08161 71-4801

Senatsverwaltung für Stadtentwicklung und Umwelt

Württembergische Straße 6

10707 Berlin

Website: http://www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/forsten/


Phone: 030 90139-4030

Landesbetrieb Forst Brandenburg

Zeppelinstraße 136

14471 Potsdam

Land: Brandenburg

Website: http://forst.brandenburg.de/sixcms/detail.php/bb1.c.196618.de


Phone: 0331 97929-301

Landesbetrieb Hessen-Forst

Bertha-von-Suttner-Str. 3

34131 Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe

Land: Hessen

Website: http://www.hessen-forst.de/


Phone: 0561-3167-0

Niedersächsische Landesforsten

Husarenstraße 75

38102 Braunschweig

Land: Niedersachsen

Website: http://www.landesforsten.de/index.php


Phone: 0049-531-1298-0

76

Landesamt für Natur, Umwelt und Verbraucherschutz Nordrhein-Westfalen

Leibnizstr. 10

45659 Recklinghausen

Land: Nordrhein-Westfalen

Website: http://www.lanuv.nrw.de/home.htm


Phone: 02361 305-0

Zentralstelle der Forstverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz

Weinstraße

67433 Neustadt

Land: Rheinland-Pfalz

Website: http://www.wald-rlp.de/index.php?id=212#zdf


Phone: 06321 6799-0

SaarForst Landesbetrieb

Von der Heydt 12

66115 Saarbrücken

Land: Saarland

Website: http://www.saarforst-saarland.de/


Phone: 0681 9712-01

Schleswig-Holsteinische Landesforsten (AöR)

Memellandstr. 15

24537 Neumünster

Land: Schleswig-Holstein

Website: http://www.forst-sh.de/wald-fuer-mehr.html


Phone: 04321/55920

77

ThüringenForst - Anstalt öffentlichen Rechts

Hallesche Straße 16

99085 Erfurt

Land: Thüringen

Website: http://www.thueringenforst.de/de/forst/


Phone: 0361 37898-00

Landesforstbetrieb Sachsen-Anhalt

Lennéstraße 6

39112 Magdeburg

Land: Sachsen Anhalt

Website: http://www.landesforstbetrieb.sachsen-anhalt.de/lfb/indexlfb.htm


Phone: 0391-61068 0


German BioEnergy Association (BBE)

Godesberger Alle 142-148

52175 Bonn

Germany

CEO: Bernd Geisen

Project Manager: Thomas Siegmund

Chairman of the board: Helmut Lamp

Tel.: +49 (0) 228 8100223

Fax: +49 (0) 228 8100258

E-mail: [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

78

Italy


Total forest area:

10.600.000 ha

latest available data:

Development of forest area: annual +0,6%

period 2005 - 2007

Total carbon stock:

1.509.550.000 m³

latest available data:

Development of carbon stock: annual +3%

≙ + 45.286.500 m³

period 2007 – 2014


(only wood chips)

2.453.692 odt/y

≙ 5.520.807 m³/y11


8,05 %

PEFC 800.000 ha


FSC 53.000 ha


Share of protected/designated forest area: 10 %

1.301.000 ha


Score 42


79


The minister responsible for the forest policies at national level is the Mipaaf (Minister of Agricultural, Food

and Forestry Policies).

The regulation of forest and sustainability is managed at regional level by the “Piani di Assestamento

Rurale (P.A.F.). It is a forest, woodland and pastoral surfaces’ management tool, established in 2003. The

scheme aim to classify the rural areas by levels of complexity, characteristics and priorities, in order to

develop dedicated local measures and activities to guarantee a sustainable and effective use of the forest

areas. The national body in charge to control and supervise the national forest is the “Corpo Forestale

dello Stato”.



23) Country Wood stock youngest date: 1.509.550.000 cubic meter

24) Country Average annual change of wood stock: 3% cubic meter

Figure 21: Average annual change of wood stock in Italy

80

Table 17: Average annual change of wood stock in Italy

NUTS 2

Region

Average annual

change of wood stock



C



E


Nord Ovest 3% 362.668.804 2014 300.233.956 2007

Piemonte ITC1 3,07% 155.951.986 2014 128.389.927 2007

Valle D'Aosta

ITC2 1,94% 17.377.992 2014 15.296.479 2007

Liguria ITC3 3,19% 60.334.236 2014 49.320.912 2007

Lombardia ITC4 2,90% 129.004.590 2014 107.226.638 2007

Sud 3% 281.158.612 2014 232.951.271 2007

Abruzzo ITF1 2,59% 58.961.682 2.014 49.899.174 2007

Molise ITF2 2,88% 17.574.511 2.014 14.622.940 2007

Campania ITF3 3,70% 52.544.239 2.014 41.737.464 2007

Puglia ITF4 3,32% 14.611.879 2.014 11.858.989 2007

Basilicata ITF5 2,65% 32.025.553 2.014 27.008.331 2007

Calabria ITF6 2,87% 105.440.748 2.014 87.824.373 2007

Isole 3% 68.899.044 2014 55.535.134 2007

Sicilia ITG1 3,25% 28.269.324 2014 23.028.004 2007

Sardegna ITG2 3,57% 40.629.720 2014 32.507.130 2007

Nord Est 2% 503.273.265 2014 429.054.379 2007

Bolzano ITH1 1,76% 116.673.556 2.014 103.849.234 2007

Trento ITH2 2,17% 121.159.259 2.014 105.158.729 2007

Veneto ITH3 2,73% 95.518.825,0 2.014 80.185.836 2007

Friuli ITH4 2,69% 80.434.083 2.014 67.706.305 2007

Emilia ITH5 3,43% 89.487.542 2.014 72.154.275 2007

Centro 3% 293.550.178 2014 242.550.054 2007

Toscana ITI1 3,14% 160.671.174 2014 131.689.865 2007

Umbria ITI2 2,78% 34.931.534 2014 29.234.493 2007

Marche ITI3 3,25% 29.742.294 2014 24.230.410 2007

Lazio ITI4 2,69% 68.205.176 2014 57.395.286 2007

Almost 60% of the national wood stock is situated in North Italy, where the mountains and the country side

represent a potential of 860 million m3 of wood.

The Centre and the South regions count about 300 million m3 each, available along to the Apennines and

the rural areas. Sicily and Sardinia have about 70 million m3 of wood.

The national availability of wood stock grows annually by 3%, in relation to the expansion of the forest

areas, short rotation areas and the abandoned cropland and pastures.

81

Nevertheless the stock of wood grows at a faster rate than the forest area. In the last century the increase

of the surface and of the wood stock was not supported by an adequate improvement of the forest

management, utilization and productive investments. In addition, many forest areas are hardly attainable

and have a slope that make it difficult and unprofitable harvesting activities.

For instance, the national harvesting intensity in the last decade, slightly more than 8 million m3 per year

(ISTAT data), is equal to just 25% of the annual increase, which is a very low record compared to 65% of

the European average. Annual withdrawals are equal to half of that of France, Spain and Portugal (4 m3 /

hectare / year) and significantly lower than in Germany and Great Britain (5.6 and 5.4 m3 / hectare / year).




26) Country Average annual change of forest area: 0,6% ha

Figure 22: Average annual change of forest area in Italy (Data only on NUTS-1)

82

Table 18: Average annual change of forest area in Italy

NUTS 1 Region

Average annual change of forest area

Forest area youngest

date

Reference date

column J

Forest area elder date

Reference date column M

[%] [ha] [year] [ha] [Year]

Nord Ovest ITC

0,37%

2.102.154 2007 2.086.878 2005

Sud ITF 0,62%

2.207.783 2007 2.180.903 2005

Isole ITG 0,94%

1.580.530 2007 1.551.422 2005

Nord Est ITH 0,52%

2.215.522 2007 2.192.602 2005

Centro ITI 0,58%

2.484.138

2007 2.455.728 2005

The forest area represents over 36% of the Italian territory. Its surface, almost 11 million hectares, has

doubled in the last 50 years and are expected to continue to grow.

The growth of the forest area is related to:

- Reforestation or extension of existing forests and woodlands, especially on the mountain regions and

Apennines

- Afforestation of abandoned cropland and pastures. In the last 30 years the agricultural land decreased

by 5 million hectares

- The crisis of the wood industry and the creation of short rotation areas for the production of fuel round

wood

Italy has different type of forests:

- the north area has the typical vegetation of the Alpine and pre-Alpine forests. They cover more than

4,3 million hectares, 1 located in the Piermont region.

- along the the Apennines, the forest area covers a relevant percentage of the rural territory. Only

Tuscany represents 10% of the national forest area.

- the Mediterranean coasts are covered by the so called Maquis shrubland, where evergreen plants

represent the main species. The region with the most important forest area is Sardinia.

83



27) PEFC certified area in the whole country: 800.000 ha

28) Country Average annual change of PEFC-certified area: 3%

Figure 23: PEFC-certified forest area in Italy

No date data

84

Table 19: PEFC-certified forest are in Italy

NUTS 2 Region PEFC-certified area in percent of total forest area

[%]

ITC1 2,9%

ITC2 0%

ITC3 0,2%

ITC4 4,8%

ITF1 0,0%

ITF2 0%

ITF3 0%

ITF4 0%

ITF5 0%

ITF6 0%

ITG1 0%

ITG2 0,2%

ITH1 81%

ITH2 67%

ITH3 0%

ITH4 23%

ITH5 0%

ITI1 2%

ITI2 0,0%

ITI3 0%

ITI4 0%

In Italy almost 800.000 ha are PFEC-certified, equal to 7,5% of the national forest area. 3.500 ha are

poplar forests. In Italy the certification process started in 2004 and since then it grew year by year. In the

last 2 years the certified areas changed by 3% yearly.

The certification is mainly concentrated in the regions of Bolzano, Trento and Friuli Venezia Giulia

(Northeast of Italy). In these areas the certification process was supported by the municipalities and

associations of farmers or forest managers, and for sure by the local PFEC associations.

There are some certificated areas also in Lombardy, Piedmont (Northwest) and Tuscany (Centre). No

southern forest area is certified at the time.

85



29) FSC certified area in the whole country: 53.000 ha

30) Country Average annual change of FSC-certified area: N.A.

Figure 24: FSC-certified forest area in Italy

86

Table 20: FSC-certified forest area in Italy

NUTS 2 Region

FSC-certified area in percent of total

forest area

[%]

Nord Ovest

Piemonte ITC1

Valle D'Aosta ITC2

Liguria ITC3

Lombardia ITC4 3%

Sud

Abruzzo ITF1

Molise ITF2

Campania ITF3

Puglia ITF4

Basilicata ITF5

Calabria ITF6

Isole

Sicilia ITG1

Sardegna ITG2 1,1%

Nord Est

Bolzano ITH1

Trento ITH2 3%

Veneto ITH3 2%

Friuli ITH4 0,1%

Emilia ITH5

Centro

Toscana ITI1 0,5%

Umbria ITI2

Marche ITI3

Lazio ITI4

In Italy over 50.000 ha of forest and 1.800 firms are FSC-certified. The scheme is more developed in the

north areas, especially in Veneto, Trento and Lombardy, followed by Tuscany, Sardinia and Friuli Venezia

Giulia.

87



31) Protected/designated forest area in the whole country: 1.301.000 ha

32) Country Average Protected/designated forest area in percent of total forest area: 10 %

Figure 25: Protected / designated forest area in Italy

National protected areas represent about 10% of the territory. Protected areas are spread among all the

national area. They are mainly represented by national parks.

88

Table 21: Protected / designated forest area in Italy

NUTS 2 Region protected/designated forest area in percent of total forest area

[%]

Nord Ovest

Piemonte ITC1 8%

Valle D'Aosta ITC2 12%

Liguria ITC3 11%

Lombardia ITC4 22%

Sud

Abruzzo ITF1 28%

Molise ITF2 10%

Campania ITF3 25%

Puglia ITF4 6%

Basilicata ITF5 13%

Calabria ITF6 3%

Isole

Sicilia ITG1 8%

Sardegna ITG2 10%

Nord Est

Bolzano ITH1 25%

Trento ITH2 32%

Veneto ITH3 5%

Friuli ITH4 7%

Emilia ITH5 10%

Centro

Toscana ITI1 9%

Umbria ITI2 7%

Marche ITI3 8%

Lazio ITI4 11%

89


Ministries

Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico

Via Vittorio Veneto, 33

.00187 Roma

Italy

Website: www.sviluppoeconomico.gov.it/

Phone: (+39) 06.4705.1

Ministero dell'Ambiente

Via Cristoforo Colombo, n. 44

.00147 Roma

Italy

Website: www.minambiente.it/


Phone: (+39) 0657221


ENAMA

Via Venafro, 5

.00159 Roma

Italy

Website: www.enama.it


Phone: +39 06 408.600.30

Associazione PEFC Italia

Strada dei loggi, 22

.06135 Perugia - Ponte San Giovanni

Italy

Website: www.pefc.it


Phone: 757824825

90

Forest Stewardship Council Italia (FSC-IT)

Viale dell’Università, 16 · AGRIPOLIS

35020 Legnaro (PD)

Italy

Website: it.fsc.org


Phone: +39 049 8272773

Auditors

Associazione Svizzera per Sistemi di QualitÃ e di Management (SQS)

Piazzale Biancamano, 2

20121 Milano

Italy

Website: www.sqs.ch/it/index.htm


Phone: +39 393 160 3373

BM Trada Italia (TT)

Corso Gianelli 1

16043 Chiavari

Italy

Website: www.bmtrada.it


Phone: 0185 312638

Bureau Veritas Certification - Eurocertifor (BV) - Italia

Via Miramare, 15

20126 Milano

Italy

Website: http://www.bureauveritas.it/wps/wcm/connect/bv_it/local/home/about-us/our-

business/certification/sector_specific_solutions/forestry


Phone: +39 02 27091 309/362

91

Certiquality (CQ)

Via G. Giardino,4

20123 Milano

Italy

Website: www.certiquality.it


Phone: +39 02 86 968 638

Control Union Certifications B.V. (CU)

P.le Filippo il Macedone 89

124 Roma

Italy

Website: www.controlunion.com


Phone: +39 06 87758816

CSQA Certificazioni Srl

San Gaetano 74

36016 Thiene

Italy

Website: www.csqa.it


Phone: 0445 313 011

DNV GL Business Assurance Italia S.r.l. (DNV)

Via Energy Park 14

20871 Vimercate

Italy

Website: www.dnv.it/


Phone: + 39 041 5060655

92


FIPER

Via Polveriera 50

23037 Tirano (SO)

Italy

Website: www.fiper.it/


Phone: 39342706278


Corpo Forestale dello Stato

Via Antonio Salandra, 44

.00187 Roma

Italy

Website: www.corpoforestale.it/


Phone: 06 46657310-1


Italian Agroforestry Energy Association (AIEL)

Viale Dell'Università 14

35020 LEGNARO (PD)

Italy

President: Domenico Brugnoni

Tel.: 049 8830722


93

Spain


Total forest area:

50.592.567 ha


Development of forest area: -304 ha/y

period 1987 - 2009

Total carbon stock:

993.174.026 m³


Development of carbon stock: +30.498.015 m³/y


(only wood chips)

2.535.289 odt/y

≙ 5.704.400,25m³/y12


9,43 %

PEFC 4.584.261 ha


FSC 189.340 ha



22,16 %

11.211.749 ha


Score 65


94


European Legislation:

• European Forestry Strategy

• Rules for application

o Reglamento 1257/99 de Desarrollo Rural, cap. VIII, que incluye al 1615/89 de medidas

forestales y al 2080/92 de forestación de tierras agrícolas.

o Reglamentos de Protección de Bosques contra incendios (2158/92) y la contaminación

atmosférica (3528/98).

o EFICS Forestry Information Network (1618/89).

• Forest Standing Committee

Forest Ownership:

• Public and private forests

• Public domain forest (demaniales y patrimoniales).

• Forest Public Domain

• Public Utility Forests Catalog

• Private Forest Ownership

Forest Management:

• Management Plans of Forest Resource?

• Forest Management

• Sustainable Forest Management

• Silviculture

Estrategia Forestal Española (1999) (Spanish Forestry Strategy)

Plan Forestal Español (2002) (Spanish Forest Plan)

Ley 43/2003 de Montes (Forestry Law)

Planes de Ordenación de los Recursos Forestales (PORF) (Management Plans of Forest Resources)

Protected Areas

The protected area in Spain exceeds three and a half million hectares, affecting more than six hundred

spaces, reaching 7% of the total land area. The need for conservation of nature born under the stimulus of

Pedro Pidal, Marquis of Villaviciosa (Asturias), to promote the National Parks Act 1916 and the

subsequent creation of the first two, in Covadonga and Ordesa (1918).

Altogether 13 national parks represent some areas not transformed by human exploitation. Some

examples are Covadonga, Aigüestortes y Lago de San Mauricio (Lleida), Doñana (Andalucía) or

Garajonay (Las Palmas). There are also more than 100 natural parks occupying from 35 ha (Peñón de

Ifach) to 214.000 ha (Sierra de Cazorla, Segura y las Villas) each park. Another 600.000 ha are protected

by other protection figures. There are sixteen Biosphere Reserves and 38 wetlands to be outlined.

95



33) Country Wood stock youngest date: 993.174.026 cubic meter

34) Country Average annual change of wood stock: 30.498.015 cubic meter

Figure 26: Average annual change of wood stock in Spain

Different reference dates! youngest date 1998-2009, elder date 1987-1999

Spain has an enormous potential in forest chip, growing from 594 million cbm of wood in 1996 to 921

million cbm in 2009, an increase of 64%. This is because each year only an average of 35% annual

growth is used (quite low compared to Europe, which is 61%).

Those years back the wood exploitations decreased due to the effects of the crisis, because there weren’t

wood needs in the building sector and the wood panel industry was closed for some years, so only a few

cuttings were enough to supply all demand (for example, in Castilla y León the cuttings decreased from 2

million cbm to 1 million cbm in these years).

96

In this last year (2013), the situation has changed and the wood panel and biomass industries are strongly

growing but they have met with a shortage of raw materials due to the inexistence of cuttings.

Table 22: Average annual change of wood stock in Spain

NUTS 2

Region Region name

Wood stock

youngest

date

[cbm]

Reference

date

column C

[year]

Wood stock

elder date

[cbm]

Reference

date

column E

[year]

Average annual

change of wood

stock

[cbm]

ES11 Galicia 192.914.041 2009 133.092.754 1998 5.438.299

ES12 Asturias 47.300.541 1998 32.577.250 1988 1.472.329

ES13 Cantabria 25.206.929 2000 19.309.309 1988 491.468

ES21 País Vasco 54.816.506 2005 43.727.142 1994 1.008.124

ES22 Navarra 60.242.643 2008 54.651.039 1999 621.289

ES23 La Rioja 15.516.950 1999 9.569.904 1987 495.587

ES24 Aragón 74.338.313 2005 44.622.752 1994 2.701.415

ES30 Madrid 10.895.345 2000 6.798.903 1990 409.644

ES41 Castilla y León 153.771.658 2004 86.602.609 1992 5.597.421

ES42

Castilla la

Mancha 83.734.225 2004 49.524.473 1993 3.109.977

ES43 Extremadura 33.255.502 2002 19.060.829 1990 1.182.889

ES51 Cataluña 118.157.125 2001 80.040.743 1990 3.465.126

ES52 C. Valenciana 20.065.059 2006 10.946.124 1994 759.911

ES53 Illes Balears 7.525.457 1999 5.451.412 1987 172.837

ES61 Andalucía 74.970.837 2008 40.794.501 1996 2.848.028

ES62 Murcia 6.919.544 1999 3.144.308 1987 314.603

ES63 Ceuta No dates No dates No dates No dates No dates

ES64 Melilla No dates No dates No dates No dates No dates

ES70 Canarias 13.543.532 2002 9.452.859 1992 409.067

97




36) Country Average annual change of forest area: -304 ha

Figure 27: Average annual change of forest area in Spain

Different reference dates! Youngest date: 1998-2009, elder date: 1987-1999 The forest area has remained constant in every region for the last years. This means that the forest

legislation is being respected and the management and sustainability plans are working. Note that Spain

is the third country with the most percentage of forest area in Europe, behind Sweden and Finland.

Forests and forest land in Spain occupy 54% of the national area.

The expansion of forest area in Spanish last years of history is due to a combination of factors. The

reforestation public policy developed over the past 60 years and the newest program of forestation began

in 1993, partly explain this phenomenon. Similarly, the transformation experienced by rural Spanish

98

society over the past 50 years is the third factor that justifies this increase, causing rural depopulation and

therefore an abandonment of agricultural lands with lower performances.

Table 23: Average annual change of forest area in Spain

NUTS 2

Region Region name

Forest area

youngest

date

[ha]

Reference

date

column J

[year]

Forest area

elder date

[ha]

Reference

date

column M

[Year]

Average

annual

change of

forest area

[ha]

ES11 Galicia 2.957.447 2009 2.957.447 1998 0

ES12 Asturias 1.060.357 1998 1.060.357 1988 0

ES13 Cantabria 532.139 2000 532.139 1988 0

ES21 País Vasco 723.464 2005 723.482 1994 -2

ES22 Navarra 1.039.069 2008 1.039.069 1999 0

ES23 La Rioja 504.527 1999 504.527 1987 0

ES24 Aragón 4.771.996 2005 4.772.027 1994 -3

ES30 Madrid 802.769 2000 802.792 1990 -2

ES41 Castilla y León 9.422.543 2004 9.422.403 1992 12

ES42 Castilla la Mancha 7.943.272 2004 7.946.185 1993 -265

ES43 Extremadura 4.163.453 2002 4.163.457 1990 0

ES51 Cataluña 3.211.368 2001 3.211.325 1990 4

ES52 C. Valenciana 2.325.452 2006 2.325.508 1994 -5

ES53 Illes Balears 499.166 1999 499.166 1987 0

ES61 Andalucía 8.759.590 2008 8.759.968 1996 -31

ES62 Murcia 1.131.260 1999 1.131.398 1987 -11

ES63 Ceuta

ES64 Melilla

ES70 Canarias 744.695 2002 744.695 1992 0

99



37) PEFC certified area in the whole country: 4.584.261 ha

38) Country Average annual change of PEFC-certified area: 39,37 %

The Spanish region that must be outlined is Catalonia (ES51). The PEFC certified area here has

increased from 74.544 ha in 2008 to 170.812 ha in 2014, representing the 9,89% of the total PEFC

certified area in Spain. Catalonia is the 4th in the ranking, behind Andalucía, Navarra and Castilla y León,

in PEFC certified area terms.

The PEFC certification system is carried out by ENAC (National Accreditation Entity). ENAC is a public

utility, independent and nonprofit organization supervised by the Administration. Its mission is to evaluate

the technical competence of conformity evaluation organisms like labs, inspection and verification entities.

Accreditation entities must be members of IAF (International Accreditation Forum) and must implement

the procedures described in the ISO/IEC 17011:2004. PEFC-Spain doesn’t interfere in any certification or

auditory, so these labours are working independently.

WEB: http://www.pefc.es/pefc_espana.html

The differences between regions in certified forest area are caused by:

The existing territorial reality in terms of type of ownership (% of private/public area) and the type

of subdivision of the property.

The existing level of pre-planning in the forest area of the regions.

The previous organization in the sector, specially attending to the private area. Regions with a

strong associative structure of forest owners are more agile addressing the certification issue.

The boosting of the region’s Administration through a regional certification that meet public and

private property in a unique certificate as a single window, in prioritizing lines of grants and

subsidies, etc.

The productivity of forests of certain regions together with the market demand.

Navarra is the region with more percentage of certified forest area. It has the support of the

Administration. The major part of the forest area is from public domain. Galicia has a high market demand,

a great productivity of forests but also a notable micro allotment that causes a slow growing of the certified

forest area. Cataluña and Andalucía have increased their certified forest area in the last two years

because of the grants and subsidies of their Administrations. Castilla y León is also a great example with

the major number of ha has the support of the Administration and Owners Associations that are strongly

implicated.

http://www.pefc.es/pefc_espana.html

100



39) FSC certified area in the whole country: 189.340 ha

40) Country Average annual change of FSC-certified area: 8,70 %

The FSC certified forest areas are irregularly distributed in Spain. The region with more certified forest

area is Andalucía followed by the Canary Islands and Galicia. There is less certified forest area with FSC

certificate than with PEFC certificate in Spain.

The reason for the different amount of certified ha in each region is complex and diverse. Some regions

certify more because political issues, others depend on the forest area, because the type of their forest

management units is easily certifiable, etc. Also depends on the type of ownership or the average of

UGFs.

Figure 28: Certified FSC area by region (Oct.2014)

101



41) Protected/designated forest area in the whole country: 11.211.749 ha

42) Country Average Protected/designated forest area in percent of total forest area: 40 %

Figure 29: Protected / designated forest area in Spain

No date data

The region with more protected forest area is the Canary Islands, followed by Madrid and Valencia. There

is a lot of protected area in Canary Islands because those have a combination of characteristics that make

them special (subtropical weather that varies locally depending on the height and situation, great

biological, geological and landscape diversity, volcanic origin…). Canary Islands have four protected

natural parks, some of the islands are Biosphere Reserves and some parts of the islands are World

Heritage. In Madrid, there are two Regional Parks and a Natural Park occupying the 40% of the territory.

102

Table 24: Protected / designated forest are in Spain

NUTS 2

Region

Region name protected/designated forest area

in percent of total forest area

[%]

ES11 Galicia 12,25%

ES12 Asturias 28,30%

ES13 Cantabria 28,69%

ES21 País Vasco 22,81%

ES22 Navarra 26,30%

ES23 La Rioja 33,25%

ES24 Aragón 28,44%

ES30 Madrid 40,10%

ES41 Castlla y León 26,18%

ES42 Castilla la Mancha 24,33%

ES43 Extremadura 30,64%

ES51 Cataluña 31,66%

ES52 C. Valenciana 39,25%

ES53 Illes Balears 26,69%

ES61 Andalucía 29,83%

ES62 Murcia 24,24%

ES63 Ceuta 31,83%

ES64 Melilla 3,31%

ES70 Canarias 49,29%

103



AENOR

C/ Génova, Nº 6

28004 Madrid

Spain

Website: www.aenor.es


Phone: 914326000

Person of Contact: José Magro (Gerente de sostenibilidad)

AENOR

C/ Génova, Nº 6

28004 Madrid

Spain

Website: www.aenor.es


Phone: 91 432 61 48

Person of Contact: Irene Carrascón (Técnico de Medio Ambiente)

TECNALIA R&I CERTIFICACION

Área Anardi, 5

20730 Azpeitia (Guipúzcoa)

Spain

Website: www.tecnalia.com


Phone: 606688724

Person of Contact: Eva Sánchez (Coordinación certificación)

104

BUREAU VERITAS Certification SAU

Edificio Caoba - P.I. La Granja

28108 Alcobendas (Madrid)

Spain

Website: www.bureauveritas.es


Phone: 932535330

Person of Contact: Marta Pascual (Departamento técnico)

NEPCon / RainforestAlliance

C/ Paseo de las Delicias, 31. 4ª Planta Exterior

28045 Madrid

Spain

Website: www.nepcon.net/es


Phone: 682885527

Person of Contact: Leticia Calvo Vialettes (Gestión Forestal)

NEPCon / RainforestAlliance

C/ Paseo de las Delicias, 31. 4ª Planta Exterior

28045 Madrid

Spain

Website: www.nepcon.net/es


Phone: 638719962

Person of Contact: Pilar Gorría Serrano (Cadena de Custodia)

PEFC España

c/ Viriato, 20 - 3ºC

28010 Madrid

Spain

Website: www.pefc.es


Phone: +34915910088

Person of Contact: Pablo Narváez (CdC&Desarrollo de Marca PEFC España)

105

PEFC España


28010 Madrid

Spain



Phone: +34915910088

Person of Contact: Marta Salvador (Technical director)

PEFC España


28010 Madrid

Spain



Phone: +34915910088

Person of Contact: Ana Belén Noriega (Secretaria general)

PEFC España


28010 Madrid

Spain



Phone: +34915910088

Person of Contact: Esperanza Carrillo (Técnico de proyectos)

FSC España

c/ Alcalá 20 2ªplanta. Oficina 202

28014 Madrid

Spain

Website: www.es.fsc.org


Phone: +34914464881

Person of Contact: Belén Chacel Díaz (Projects Unit)

106

Auditors

Grupo ACMS consultores

C/ Jerez de los Caballeros 2

28042 Madrid

Website: www.grupoacms.com


Phone: 91 3750680

Person of Contact: ()

CONforMA FORESTAL

Polígono de Costa Vella R/ República Checa, Nº 40

15707 Santiago de Compostela

Website: www.cymconsultores.es


Phone: 981 551 704

Person of Contact: ()

C&M Consultoría de Calidad y Medio Ambiente

C/ San Isidro 1-1ºC.

28229 Villanueva del Pardillo (Madrid)

Website: www.cymconsultores.es


Phone: 654 95 59 29

Person of Contact: Natalia Ruiz de Martín (Experta en Implantaciones y Auditorias en Certificación

Forestal FSC y PEFC)


IBERDROLA

Plaza Euskadi, 5

48009 Bilbao

Website: www.iberdrola.es


Phone: +34 944 151 411

Person of Contact: José María Otero Vicario (Responsable de proyectos en Iberdrola Renovables)

107

ENDESA

Ribera del Loira, 60

28042 Madrid

Website: www.endesa.com


Phone: 91 2131000

Person of Contact: José Casas (Director general de Regulación y Medioambiente)

E.ON GENERACIÓN, S.L.

Plaza de Pablo Ruiz Picasso. Torre Picasso.

28020 Madrid

Website: www.eonespana.com


Phone: (95) 667 76 11

Person of Contact: Julián Benegas Delgado (Responsable de medio ambiente y seguridad industrial)

GAS NATURAL FENOSA

Plaça del Gas, 1.

8003 Barcelona

Website: http://www.gasnaturalfenosa.es


Phone: 900.100.251

Person of Contact: Nieves Cifuentes Valero (Directora de medio ambiente)

ENAGÁS

Paseo de los Olmos, 19

28005 Madrid

Website: http://www.enagas.es


Phone: 902 443 700

Person of Contact: Javier Perera de Gregorio (Director general de Recursos)

108

RED ELÉCTRICA ESPAÑA

Paseo del Conde de los Gaitanes, 177

28109 Alcobendas (Madrid)

Website: http://www.ree.es


Phone: 91-650-20-12

Person of Contact: Carlos Llanos Lecumberri (Técnico del departamento de medio ambiente de Red

Eléctrica España)

Other Bodies

WWF

Gran Vía de San Francisco, 8

28005 Madrid

Website: www.wwf.es


Phone: 34 91 354 05 78

Person of Contact: Oficina central de WWF ()

Greenpeace

San Bernardo 107, 1º

28015 Madrid

Website: www.greenpeace.org


Phone: +34 91 444 14 00

Person of Contact: Oficina central de Greenpeace

Desarrollo Sostenible Tierra

Website: www.desarrollosostenibletierra.org


Phone: +34 653 951 172

Person of Contact: Antonio David Cansinos (Director de proyectos medio ambiente)

109

Asociación Reforesta

Sector de la Foresta, 43

28760 Tres Cantos (Madrid)

Website: www.reforesta.es


Phone: 918046509

Person of Contact: Miguel Ángel Ortega (Director de reforesta)

Amigos de la Tierra

Calle Jacometrezo 15, 5º J

28013 Madrid

Website: www.tierra.org


Phone: 91 306 99 00

Person of Contact: Alodia Pérez Muñoz (Responsable de recursos naturales y Residuos)

Ecologistas en acción

Marqués de Leganés 12

28004 Madrid

Website: www.ecologistasenaccion.org


Phone: 915312389

Person of Contact: Secretaría Confederal de Ecologistas en Acción ()


Spanish Biomass Association (AVEBIOM)

Panaderos nº 58 entreplanta

47004 Valladolid

Spain

President: Francisco Javier Díaz González

Project Manager: Pablo Rodero

Tel.: +34 983 091 801


110

Sweden


Total forest area:

23.000.000 ha


Development of forest area: +103 802 ha/y

period 2009 - 2014

Total carbon stock:

3.000.000.000 m³


Development of carbon stock: + 116 million m³/y

period 2009 - 2014


(only wood chips)

6.848.343 odt/y

≙ 15.408.771,75 m³/y13


PEFC 11.263.434 ha


FSC 12.000.000 ha



3,3 %

1.900.000 ha

Corruption Perceptions Index 2012:

Rank 4

Score 88


111


The Swedish Forest Agency is the national authority responsible for matters relating to the forest. It strives

to ensure that the nation’s forests are managed in such a way as to yield an abundant and sustainable

harvest while at the same time preserving biodiversity. The Agency also strives to increase awareness of

the forest’s significance, including its value for outdoor recreation. The Agency has offices throughout the

country. Its most important tasks are to give advice on forest-related matters, supervise compliance with

the Forest Act, provide services to the forest industry, support nature conservation efforts and conduct

inventories.

Environment conservation is an equally important factor as timber production in Swedish forest legislation.

The basis of Swedish forest policy is co-operation between the State and forest owners for the purpose of

achieving sustainable forestry in the long term. This means forestry where economic, environmental,

cultural and social interests are taken into account in a balanced manner.

Protected Areas

National parks or nature reserves

A strong and long-term protection can be achieved by setting aside forest land as National Parks or nature

reserves. Sweden has some 3,200 nature reserves and their size may vary from a few hectares to

thousands of hectares.

Habitat protection

Smaller habitats with plants and animals worthy of protection can be preserved through habitat protection.

Nature conservation agreements

High environmental values can also be protected through nature conservation agreements between

forest-owners and the State.

Voluntarily protected

The forest land that is voluntarily protected can be documented in different ways, e.g., in a Green Forest

management plan.

112



1) Country Wood stock youngest date: 3 billion cubic meter (on productive forest land)

2) Country Average annual change of wood stock: 116 million cubic meter

Figure 30: Average annual change of wood stock in Sweden

Due to effective and far-sighted forest management the timber stock in Sweden has increased by more

than 60% in the last one hundred years and it is now 3000 million m3. Growth has been most rapid in

southern Sweden where forests in the early twentieth century were thin and in poor condition.

In recent years felled quantities have been between 85 and 90 million m3, whereas annual growth

amounts approximately to 120 million m3. If fellings are to be increased, improved forestry methods are

required. Current studies indicate that wood production can be increased by as much as 20% by 2050 by

means of improved forest management. Heavy storms striked Sweden in 2007 and 2013. That is affecting

the standing stock.

113

Table 25: Average annual change of wood stock in Sweden

NUTS 2 Region Average annual change of wood stock


Reference date column C


Reference date column E


SE11 Stockholm -1,58% 61.855.890 2014 67.170.002 2009

SE12 Östra Mellansverige

0,20% 438.790.314 2014 434.413.872 2009

SE21 Småland med öarna

-1,01% 372.743.027 2014 392.584.641 2009

SE22 Sydsverige -1,78% 119.242.762 2014 130.861.421 2009

SE23Västsverige -0,31% 310.965.565 2014 315.868.343 2009

SE31 Norra Mellansverige

-0,31% 695.928.743 2014 706.765.581 2009

SE32 Mellersta Norrland -0,71% 603.630.979 2014 625.994.106 2009

SE33 Övre Norrland 0,03% 742.412.562 2014 741.156.150 2009

-2,03% 3.345.569.843 3.414.814.116

Reference: http://www.slu.se/webbtjanster-miljoanalys/forest-statistics/skogsdata/

114



3) Country forest area youngest date: 23 million ha

4) Country Average annual change of forest area: 103 802 ha

: Figure 31: Average annual change of forest area in Sweden

Productive forest (<1 m3/year)

The Swedish forest area is stable over time. The slight increase in forest area is mainly due to agricultural

land being transformed into forest. The forest are boreal, nemo-boreal and nemoral forest. Spruce and

pine are by large the predominant species in Swedish forests. These two species count for more than

80% of the timber stock. In northern Sweden pine is the most common species, whereas spruce, mixed

with some birch, dominates in southern Sweden.

115

Table 26: Average annual change of forest area in Sweden

NUTS 2 Region

Average annual

change of forest

area

Forest area 2014 Forest area 2009

[%] [ha] [ha]

SE11 Stockholm -0,47% 291 066 298 000

SE12 Östra Mellansverige 0,67% 2 394 338 2 317 000

SE21 Småland med öarna 0,72% 2 237 925 2 160 000

SE22 Sydsverige 0,11% 574 267 571 000

SE23Västsverige 0,58% 1 605 630 1 560 000

SE31 Norra Mellansverige 0,24% 4 785 665 4 729 000

SE32 Mellersta Norrland 0,04% 4 313 421 4 304 000

SE33 Övre Norrland 0,76% 6 968 697 6 713 000

2,29% 23 171 009 22 652 000 Reference: http://www.slu.se/webbtjanster-miljoanalys/forest-statistics/skogsdata/

116



5) PEFC certified area in the whole country: 11263434 ha

6) Country Average annual change of PEFC-certified area: 48,6 %

The PEFC-statistiscs is not available for regions because it is collected per forest owner and the bif

companies has forest all over the country. The PEFC certification is however more common in the

southern parts of Sweden. The reason for that is the owner structure. The PEFC standard is better suited

for family forestry that is dominated in southern Sweden. Many forests are certified both for FSC and

PEFC.

Figure 32: PEFC-development in Sweden

117



7) FSC certified area in the whole country: 12 million ha

8) Country Average annual change of FSC-certified area: 52 %

FSC has been on the “market” for longer time compered to PEFC. The biggest difference for the two

systems is the demand for burning and consideration to the sami-people in the FSC-standard. Therefore

FSC has been more suitable for bigger forest companies. They are dominating in the northern part of

Sweden and therefore FSC is more common in these parts. Many forests are certified both for FSC and

PEFC.

Criteria: Protected / designated forest area in percent of total forest area


9) Protected/designated forest area in the whole country: 1,9 million hectars ha

10) Country Average Protected/designated forest area in percent of total forest area: 3,3% of

productive forest area

The amount of protected forests in Sweden amounts to circa 1.9 million ha. A great extent, about 90% of

these forests are the kind of forests in which minor interventions are allowed. The share of strictly

protected forests, where no human interventions are allowed is 0.3% from the forest area. As much as

60% of protected forests are located in northern Sweden, 21% in central Sweden and around 19% in

southern Sweden. 1,2 million hectars is voluntarity set aside by owners without compensation for

conservation purposes.

National parks, nature reserves and nature conservation areas cover an area of 4.2 million hectares, i.e.

10% of Sweden’s land area. There are at least 220.000 hectares of protected forests which still in terms of

forest growth are productive. In addition, there are about 12.000 hectares of protected habitat types and

25.000 hectares of wood land set aside and protected by environment conservation agreements. Large

forest areas are also protected through forest owners’ voluntary activities.

For the NUTS regions the percentage protective areas is in the range of 6 % in the northern parts down to

1 % in the southern parts of Sweden.

118


Ministries

Ministry of Rural Affairs

Fredsgatan 8

10333 Stockholm

Sweden

Website: http://www.government.se/sb/d/2064


Phone: +46 8 405 11 25

Ministry of Enterprise, Energy and Communications

Mäster Samuelsgatan 70

103 33 Stockholm

Website: http://www.en.bmwfw.gv.at/Seiten/default.aspx


Phone: +46 8 405 10 00

Subordinated Bodies

Swedish Energy Agency

Box 310

63104 Eskilstuna

Website: http://www.energimyndigheten.se/en/


Phone: +46 16 544 20 00

Swedish Forest Agency

Vallgatan 8

551 83 Jönköping

Sweden

Website: http://www.skogsstyrelsen.se/en/


Phone: +46 36 35 93 00

119

Swedish Bioenergy Association

Holländargatan 17

111 60 Stockholm

Sweden

Website: www.svebio.se


Phone: +46 8 441 70 80

Swedish Forest Industries Federation

Box 55525

102 04 Stockholm

Website: http://www.forestindustries.se/


Phone: +46 8 762 72 60

Federation of Swedish Farmers

Franzéngatan 6

10533 Stockholm

Website: www.lrf.se


Phone: +46 771 573 573


PEFC Sweden

Franzéngatan 6

10533 Stockholm

Website: http://pefc.se/


Phone: +46 70 3808384

FSC

S:t Olofsgatan 18

753 11 Stockholm

Website: http://se.fsc.org/


Phone: +46 18 14 15 26

120

Other Bodies

WWF

Ulriksdals Slott

17081 Solna

Website: http://www.wwf.se/


Phone: +46 8 624 74 00

Swedish Society for Nature Conservation (SSNC)

Åsögatan 115, 2tr

11692 Stockholm

Website: http://www.naturskyddsforeningen.se/


Phone: +46 8 702 65 00

Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

Box 7070

750 07 Uppsala

Website: www.slu.se


Phone: +46 18 67 10 00


Swedish Bioenergy Association (SVEBIO)

Holländargatan 17

111 60 Stockholm

Sweden

President: Gustav Melin

Chairman: Gunnar Olofsson

Project Manager: Sofia Backéus

Tel.: +46 8 441 70 80


121

Short datasheets of other EU member states

Belgium

The land area of Belgium amounts to 3.053.000 ha. Belgium's current forest area is 705.900 ha located

primarily in the southeast of the country. So Belgian forests cover about 23% of the total land area.

Compared to 1990 (698.100 ha), the forest area increased by 7.800 ha (1.1%). (Eurostat Forest).

In 2010, the protected forest area in 2010 was about 209.000 ha. This is about 30% of the total forest

area. In 2000, the forest area was still 35.400 ha, which represents an increase of 173.600 ha (Statista

forest protection). A total of 44% of the forests of Belgium are PEFC and FSC certified, PEFC especially

with an area of 289.050 ha dominant among the Belgian certification systems (PEFC.de), FSC has only

an area of 22.880 ha (FSC.de) , The nationwide supply of wood was 2010 164 million m³ (Eurostat stock)

so that it rose slightly by 3 million cubic meters compared to 2002 (161 million m³) (BWI 2002). Belgium's

wood supply is thus rather insignificant in European comparison.

Belgium has no UNESCO Weltnaturerbstätten, no biosphere reserves, nine surface areas under the

Ramsar Convention (43.000 ha), 280 FFH areas in the protected area network Natura 2000 234 bird

sanctuaries in the protected area network Natura 2000 a total of 458 Natura 2000 sites with a total

5,153.95 km² (12.75% state area). 48 Important Bird Areas (IBA) (648.000 ha), a National Park and 26

natural parks. (Google.com).

The Ministry "Federal Public Service (FPS) Health, safety of the food chain and the environment" is the

highest authority for forestry matters. It is also responsible for the implementation of the Belgian

conservation regulations.

Sources:

BR Belgien: http://www.bundesregierung.de/Content/DE/StatischeSeiten/Breg/Europa/documents/belgium.html;jsessionid=C7589A33A5EA0798F8A597749803F39B.s4t2 BWI 2002: http://www.bundeswaldinventur.de/enid/52b6895e1c552fba68d5d2f65dfae924,0/5u.html Eurostat Wald: http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=for_area&lang=de Eurostat Vorrat: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_PUBLIC/5-15062011-BP/DE/5-15062011-BP-DE.PDF FSC.de https://ic.fsc.org/preview.facts-and-figures-september-2014.a-3534.pdf Google.com: https://sites.google.com/site/schutzgebieteentdecken/ Statista Waldschutz: http://176.34.247.242/statistik/daten/studie/158492/umfrage/geschuetzte-waldgebiete-in-europa-seit-2000/ PEFC.de: http://www.pefc.org/about-pefc/who-we-are/facts-a-figures

http://www.bundesregierung.de/Content/DE/StatischeSeiten/Breg/Europa/documents/belgium.html;jsessionid=C7589A33A5EA0798F8A597749803F39B.s4t2

http://www.bundesregierung.de/Content/DE/StatischeSeiten/Breg/Europa/documents/belgium.html;jsessionid=C7589A33A5EA0798F8A597749803F39B.s4t2

http://www.bundeswaldinventur.de/enid/52b6895e1c552fba68d5d2f65dfae924,0/5u.html

http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=for_area&lang=de

http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_PUBLIC/5-15062011-BP/DE/5-15062011-BP-DE.PDF

https://ic.fsc.org/preview.facts-and-figures-september-2014.a-3534.pdf

https://sites.google.com/site/schutzgebieteentdecken/

http://176.34.247.242/statistik/daten/studie/158492/umfrage/geschuetzte-waldgebiete-in-europa-seit-2000/

http://www.pefc.org/about-pefc/who-we-are/facts-a-figures

122

Bulgaria

The land area is 11,100,000 ha of Bulgaria. Bulgaria's current forest area is 3,927,000 ha (2010) and is located

mainly in the mountainous regions. The forests cover about 35% of the total land area. Compared to 1990

(3.457.000 ha) of forest area increased by 470,000 ha (12%) (Eurostat Forest).

The guns forest area in 2010 was about 313,000 ha (8% of total forest area). In 2000, the protected forest area was

still 245,000 ha. This represents an increase of 68,000 ha (Statista forest protection). Overall, 16% (637,130 ha) of

forests are certified FSC. The FSC certification is the only international certification system in Bulgaria (FSC.de). The

national wood supply was around 435 million cubic meters (Eurostat stock) 2010. Bulgaria's wood supply is thus in

a European comparison of moderate importance.

Bulgaria has nine UNESCO World Heritage Sites and Biosphere Reserves 16 (unesco.de), 11 surface areas under the

Ramsar Convention (Ramsar.org), 3 national parks and 11 natural parks. (Protected areas)

The "Ministry of Environment and Water" is the highest authority for forestry matters. It is also responsible

for the implementation of the Bulgarian nature protection legislation in particular Flora-Fauna-Habitat

Directive. The implementing organization for the Natura 2000 legislation is the "Green Balkans"

(Umweltbundesamt).

Sources:

BR Bulgarien: http://www.bundesregierung.de/Content/DE/StatischeSeiten/Breg/Europa/documents/bulgaria.html

Eurostat Wald:


Eurostat Vorrat:


FSC.de


Google.com:


Statista Waldschutz:

http://176.34.247.242/statistik/daten/studie/158492/umfrage/geschuetzte-waldgebiete-in-europa-seit-2000 /

PEFC.de:


Umweltbundesamt

http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/themen/nachhaltigkeit-strategien-internationales/kooperation-in-mittel-osteuropa-dem-

kaukasus/projektdatenbank-des-beratungshilfeprogramms/umsetzung-der-natura-2000-gesetzgebung-in-bulgarien

Schutzgebiete:

http://pdbase.government.bg/zpo/en/result1.jsp

http://www.bundesregierung.de/Content/DE/StatischeSeiten/Breg/Europa/documents/bulgaria.html





http://176.34.247.242/statistik/daten/studie/158492/umfrage/geschuetzte-waldgebiete-in-europa-seit-2000


http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/themen/nachhaltigkeit-strategien-internationales/kooperation-in-mittel-osteuropa-dem-kaukasus/projektdatenbank-des-beratungshilfeprogramms/umsetzung-der-natura-2000-gesetzgebung-in-bulgarien

http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/themen/nachhaltigkeit-strategien-internationales/kooperation-in-mittel-osteuropa-dem-kaukasus/projektdatenbank-des-beratungshilfeprogramms/umsetzung-der-natura-2000-gesetzgebung-in-bulgarien

http://pdbase.government.bg/zpo/en/result1.jsp

123

Croatia

The land area of Croatia is 5.653.000 ha. Croatia's current forest area is 2.474.000 ha (2010). The

majority of these forests are natural forests. The forests cover about 44% of the total land area. Compared

to 1990 (2.127.000 ha) the forest area increased by 347,000 ha (14%) (Eurostat Forest).

82% of Croatian forests are FSC certified. This is an area of 2.034.000 ha (FSC.de). There are no PEFC

certified forests in Croatia (PEFC.de).

In Croatia exist a UNESCO World Heritage Site, a cultural landscape in the World Heritage Site and a

Biosphere Reserve, five surface areas under the Ramsar Convention (9.436.000 ha), eight national parks

and eleven nature parks (Google.com). The final report of the Special Areas of Conservation in the EU’s

NATURA 2000 is still pending.

The "Ministry of Environmental and Nature Protection" in Zagreb is the highest authority for forestry

matters. Another notable institution is the "Croatian Forest Research Institute" in Jastrebarsko.

Sources:

BR Kroatien:

http://www.bundesregierung.de/Content/DE/StatischeSeiten/Breg/Europa/documents/croatia.html

Eurostat Wald:


Eurostat Vorrat:


FSC.de


Google.com:

https://sites.google.com/site/schutzgebieteentdecken/home/schutzgebiete-in-kroatien



PEFC.de:


http://www.bundesregierung.de/Content/DE/StatischeSeiten/Breg/Europa/documents/croatia.html




https://sites.google.com/site/schutzgebieteentdecken/home/schutzgebiete-in-kroatien



124

Czech Republic

The land area in Czech Republic is 7.887.000 ha. Czech Republic's current forest area is 2.657.000 ha

(2010) and is distributed all over the country but especially in the border areas. Forests cover about 34%

of the total land area. Compared to 1990 (2.629.000 ha) the forest area increased only marginally by

28.000 ha (approximately 1%) (Eurostat Forest).

In 2010 the protected forest area was approximately 740.000 ha. This is about 28% of the total forest

area. In 2000, the protected forest area was still 666.000 ha, an increase of 74.000 ha (Statista forest

protection). A total of 71% of the forests of the Czech Republic is PEFC- and FSC-certified. The PEFC

area is dominant among the international certification schemes (1845.320 ha) (PEFC.de). The FSC-

certified area is only 50.000 ha (FSC.de). The national wood supply in 2010 was approximately 738

million m³ and has increased by 54 million m³ compared to 2002 (Eurostat stock). Thus, Czech Republic's

wood supply is of moderate importance in a European comparison.

The Czech Republic has twelve World Heritage sites, six biosphere reserves (unesco.de), 14 surface

areas under the Ramsar Convention (Ramsar.org), four National Parks (11.902.000 ha) and 25 natural

parks (drusop.cz).

The "Environment Ministry of Environment of the Czech Republic" is the highest authority for forestry

matters. It takes the decisions concerning area arrangements for protected areas. Besides that institution

the Agency for Nature Conservation and Landscape Protection of the Czech Repulik deals with nature

conservation issues.

Source:

BR Tschechien: http://www.bundesregierung.de/Content/DE/StatischeSeiten/Breg/Europa/documents/czechrepublic.html

Eurostat Wald:


Eurostat Vorrat:


FSC.de


Google.com:




PEFC.de:


Umweltbundesamt

http://www.bundesregierung.de/Content/DE/StatischeSeiten/Breg/Europa/documents/czechrepublic.html







125

Estonia

Estonia's land area is 4.523.000 ha. The current forest area is 2.337.000 ha (2010), it has a dense forest,

which is evenly distributed over the whole country. Its forests cover about 52% of the total land area.

Compared to 1990 (2.178.000 ha) the forest area increased by 158,000 ha (approximately 7%) (Eurostat

Forest).

More than 100% of the Estonian forests are PEFC- and FSC-certified, which can be explained with double

and overlapping certifications. PEFC area of 1.836.000 ha (PEFC.de) and FSC area of approximately

1.177.000 ha (FSC.de). The national wood supply in 2010 was 400 million m³ and has increased

compared to 2002 (315) to 85 million m³ significantly (Eurostat stock). Estonia's wood supply is marginal

important in a European comparison.

Estonia has no UNESCO World Heritage sites, but 1 Biosphere Reserve, 17 surface areas under the

Ramsar Convention (305,000 ha), 531 FFH areas in the protected area network Natura 2000, 66 bird

sanctuaries in the protected area network Natura 2000, a total of 597 Natura 2000 sites with a total area

of 14,590 km² (16.5% state area), 5 national parks and 144 nature reserves. (Google.com).

The "Ministry of the Environment" in Tallinn is the highest authority for forestry matters.

Sources:

BR Estland:

http://www.bundesregierung.de/Content/DE/StatischeSeiten/Breg/Europa/documents/estonia.html;jsessionid=303C9DBA85858D0D

2D959B74497F9E40.s1t2

Eurostat Wald:


Eurostat Vorrat:


FSC.de


Google.com:

https://sites.google.com/site/schutzgebieteentdecken/home/schutzgebiete-in-estland



PEFC.de:


http://www.bundesregierung.de/Content/DE/StatischeSeiten/Breg/Europa/documents/estonia.html;jsessionid=303C9DBA85858D0D2D959B74497F9E40.s1t2

http://www.bundesregierung.de/Content/DE/StatischeSeiten/Breg/Europa/documents/estonia.html;jsessionid=303C9DBA85858D0D2D959B74497F9E40.s1t2




https://sites.google.com/site/schutzgebieteentdecken/home/schutzgebiete-in-estland



126

Greece

The land area of Greece has an amount of 13.200.000 ha. The current forest area is 6.539.000 ha (2010)

and is located mainly in the mountainous regions. Forests cover about 50% of the total land area in

Greece. Compared to 1990 (6.511.000 ha) the forest area increased only slightly by 28.000 ha (> 1%)

(Eurostat Forest).

Greece has no international certification systems, neither PEFC nor FSC. The national wood supply in

2005 was 170 million m³ and has increased to 18 million m³ compared to 2002 (152 million m³) (Eurostat

stock). Greece wood stock is marginal important in a European Comparison.

Greece does not have a UNESCO World Natural Heritage site but two World Heritage Sites and two

Biosphere Reserves, ten surface areas under the Ramsar Convention (163.000 ha), 241 FFH areas in the

protected area network Natura 2000, 202 bird sanctuaries in the protected area network Natura 2000, a

total of 419 Natura 2000 sites with a total area of 42.947,05 km² (27.29 % of the state area), ten national

parks and four Geoparks. (Google.com)

The "Ministry of Environment, Energy and Climate Change" in Athens is the highest authority for forestry

matters. Another notable institution is the "Department of Forestry and natural Environment Management"

in Athens.

Sources:

BR Griechenland:

http://www.bundesregierung.de/Content/DE/StatischeSeiten/Breg/Europa/documents/greece.html

Eurostat Wald:


Eurostat Vorrat:


FSC.de


Google.com:

https://sites.google.com/site/schutzgebieteentdecken/home/schutzgebiete-in-griechenland



PEFC.de:


http://www.bundesregierung.de/Content/DE/StatischeSeiten/Breg/Europa/documents/greece.html




https://sites.google.com/site/schutzgebieteentdecken/home/schutzgebiete-in-griechenland



127

Ireland

The land area of Ireland is 7.028.000 ha. Currently there is 788.000 ha (2010) forest area, so it is only

forested moderatly. Irelands forests cover about 12% of the total land area. Compared to 1990 (514.000

ha) the forest area increased by 244.000 ha (approximately 35%) (Eurostat Forest).

More than 100% of the forests of Ireland are PEFC- and FSC-certified which can be explained with double

or overlapping certification. PEFC-certified area is 376.000 ha (PEFC.de) and FSC-certified area is about

447.000 ha (FSC.de). The national wood supply in 2010 was about 74 million m³ and has significantly

increased to 30 million m³ compared to 2002 (44 million m³) (Eurostat stock). Thus, Ireland's wood supply

is of marginal importance in a European comparison.

Ireland does not have a UNESCO World Natural Heritage Sites but two Biosphere Reserves, 45 surface

areas under the Ramsar Convention (67.000 ha), 426 FFH areas in the protected area network Natura

2000, 162 bird sanctuaries in the protected area network Natura 2000, a total of 587 Natura 2000 sites

with a total area 16,096 km² (13, 17% of the national territory), six national parks and 74 natural parks.

(Google.com)

The "Department of the Environment, Community and Local Government" in Dublin is the highest

authority for Irish forestry matters. Another notable institution is the "Forest Service, Department of

Agriculture, Food and the Marine" in Dublin.

Sources:

BR Irland:

http://www.bundesregierung.de/Content/DE/StatischeSeiten/Breg/Europa/documents/ireland.html;jsessionid=9BF40FABB32A0B6AE

90884F289EF1266.s3t1

Eurostat Wald:


Eurostat Vorrat:


FSC.de


Google.com:

https://sites.google.com/site/schutzgebieteentdecken/home/schutzgebiete-in-irland



PEFC.de:


http://www.bundesregierung.de/Content/DE/StatischeSeiten/Breg/Europa/documents/ireland.html;jsessionid=9BF40FABB32A0B6AE90884F289EF1266.s3t1

http://www.bundesregierung.de/Content/DE/StatischeSeiten/Breg/Europa/documents/ireland.html;jsessionid=9BF40FABB32A0B6AE90884F289EF1266.s3t1




https://sites.google.com/site/schutzgebieteentdecken/home/schutzgebiete-in-irland



128

Latvia

The land area of Latvia is 6.460.000 ha. Latvia forest area is 3.467.000 ha (2010) which extends relatively

evenly over the country. Its forests cover about 56% of the total land area. Compared to 1990 (3.288.000

ha) the forest area increased by 179.000 ha (5%) (Eurostat Forest).

The protected forest area in 2010 was about 213.000 ha, this is about 10% of the total forest area. In

2000, the protected forest area was 314.000 ha, which is a reduction of 101.000 ha (Statista forest

protection). A major share of the forest area of Latvia is certified. 1.683.640 ha is PEFC-certified

(PEFC.de) and 1.749.960 ha is FSC-certified (FSC.de). There are both double and overlapping

certificated areas. The national wood supply in 2010 was approximately 584 million m³ and has increased

to 82 million m³, compared to 2002 (502 million m³) (Eurostat stock). Thus, Latvia's wood supply is of

moderate importance in a European comparison.

Latvia has no UNESCO World Heritage sites but a biosphere reserve, six surface areas under the Ramsar

Convention (149.000 ha), 320 FFH areas in the protected area network NATURA 2000, 98 bird

sanctuaries in the protected area network NATURA 2000, a total of 1.805 NATURA 2000 sites with a total

area of more than11.831 km² (11.53% of the national territory) and four National Parks (Google.com).

The "Ministry of Environmental Protection and Regional Development" in Riga is the highest authority for

forestry matters. Another notable institution is the "Latvian State Forest Research Institute" in Salaspils.

Sources:

BR Lettland:

http://www.bundesregierung.de/Content/DE/StatischeSeiten/Breg/Europa/documents/latvia.html

Eurostat Wald:


Eurostat Vorrat:


FSC.de


Google.com:

https://sites.google.com/site/schutzgebieteentdecken/home/schutzgebiete-in-lettland



PEFC.de:


http://www.bundesregierung.de/Content/DE/StatischeSeiten/Breg/Europa/documents/latvia.html




https://sites.google.com/site/schutzgebieteentdecken/home/schutzgebiete-in-lettland

