ICT-CHSHardware:BIOS & Input / Output Devices

By: Kelvin Kent E. Giron

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How does Human and Computers Communicate?

Input Process Output

How the Computer Process data

CPU

INPUT

CONTROL UNITARITHMETIC

LOGICUNIT

REGISTERSINTERNAL MEMORY

EXTERNAL MEMORY

OUTPUT

Human feed’s DATA

CPU Processes DATA into

BINARY NUMBERS that the

Computer UNDERSTANDS

CPU Sends Processed DATA

into Symbols or characters that the

HUMAN UNDERSTANDS

What is BIOS???

BIOS Acronym for basic input/output system- the built-in (FIRMWARE)/ software(what is a software- its series

of command or program used to make a certain computer function work)

- It is a software that automatically starts up when you turn on your PC. That accommodates certain functionality.

- You can think of the BIOS as an Orchestra conductor – (it makes sure that the whole system is synchronized and running smoothly).

- It is a one central place that stores varied configuration and allows these components to communicate with each other.

BIOS SCREEN

BIOS So BIOS takes care of INPUT/OUTPUT processes

of your PC.

So what do you mean by INPUT?- INPUT – is also called data entry – or in more

simpler terms placing/storing data INTO your PC/DEVICE.

What is OUTPUT?

- OUTPUT is simply displaying/producing a visual, audio or physical output of the data entry you stored in the PC.

BIOS - Processes Examples of BIOS PROCESSES are:

INPUT – processes- Keyboard language translation- Image source input for (video, audio and Photo) data translation- Command translation- Hard drive data entry translation

OUTPUT – processes- Monitor Language translation- Output device translation

- Example- - printer processes- Display processes- Audio processes- Etc.

BIOS – Storage configuration How does BIOS Configuration stored in your

PC?

2 types of storage for BIOS ROM CMOS

- ROM – Read Only Memory - ( is a non- volatile memory)[TEMPORARY MEMORY] which means this memory is

erased after you turn your PC off. [ these memory is erased because these are just temporary data, such data your computer stores when making processes during BIOS start up.

- CMOS – Complementary metal-oxide semi-conductor- ( is a volatile memory) [PERMANENT MEMORY] which means this memory is

remains stored even after you turn your PC off and can be used next time you start up your PC. [ these memory is intact because these memory contains the necessary commands and processes to start up the BIOS software.

- Usually this memory comes with a back up battery which ensures the data is still intact. This battery is usually a round battery attached with the CMOS in the mother board.

- example of data in CMOS are (BIOS configuration/ Date and time synchronization etc.)

BIOS storage

CMOS storage

BIOS – Set-Up configuration How do you configure your BIOS settings

in your PC? During BOOT – UP process BOOT - UP is the

other term for START –UP

You will see a screen that tell’s you to press a certain key to start a process, that refers to the configuration setting of your BIOS. Usually this configuration or setting can be opened

through a series of key Example- Del, f2, Crtl+S, Crtl+Alt+S, (depending on the brand or

model of the PC you are uding.)

- Once you open this configuration you can configure necessary changes you want with your BIOS Processes.

Entering BIOS

INPUT/OUTPUT devices and their function in the BIOS processes

The following devices are input and output devices that we use in the computer communication system.

We use these devices to communicate with our PC and perform certain tasks that we want to do using a PC to make our life’s work easier.

Input Devices

An input device is any hardware component that allows you to enter data and instructions onto a computer.

Keyboards

Keyboard

a keyboard is a data input device for computers; that allows you to enter alpha-numeric keys and symbols into your PCThe arrangement of keys is modeled after the typewriter keyboard.

STANDARD KEYBOARDS

and it’s types.

QWERTY Keyboard

It is called QWERTY simply because the arrangement of the first row keys are arranged in QWERTY. It is mostly used by french

AZERTY Keyboard

AZERTY is a specific layout for the characters of the Latin alphabet on typewriter keys and computer keyboards. The layout takes its name from the first six letters to appear on the first row of alphabetical keys. Like the German QWERTZ layout, it is modeled on the English QWERTY layout

DVORJAK Keyboard

Developed in 1936 and patented May 12, 1936, the Dvorak keyboard has all vowels and punctuation marks on the left side of the keyboard and consonants on the right side. Because of the placement of the keys on the home row and the adaption of the letters to the English language, many users who use the Dvorak keyboard will type faster than users using the QWERTY keyboard. 

ERGONOMIC Keyboard

Ergonomic keyboards are designed in such a way that typing can be done putting the least amount of stress on the fingers and wrist. This is a radical type of keyboard designed to prevent Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, which causes numbness and tingling sensation in the hands and fingers after typing for a long duration.

WIRELESS Keyboard

As the name suggests, these keyboards do not need to be connected to the computer via a wire. This makes it very convenient for the user to use the keyboard comfortably. Wireless keyboards use three basic types of connections, Bluetooth, Infrared (IR), and Radio Frequency to connect to the computer.

Gaming Keyboards

As the name suggests, gaming keyboards are designed specifically for gamers. They include features meant to enhance gaming experience, as well as provide convenient usage for gamers. They include features like volume control, key lighting, programmable keys, interchangeable keys, touch screens to customize the keyboard, in-built joysticks, fancy lighting, etc.

VIRTUAL KEYBOARDS

Virtual keyboards are software devices that let you input data just like a hardware keyboard. They open up as an application and can be controlled by a mouse or via a touch screen. They are mainly used in devices which do not necessarily require a keyboard, like a tablet or a smart-phone.

Computer Mouse

and it’s types.

Mechanical Mouse

Also called as the ball mouse, a mechanical mouse has rubber or metal ball on it’s underside. When the ball rolls, mechanical sensors inside the mouse detect the direction and move the pointer on the screen of the PC. This type of mouse requires a flat surface or a mouse pad to work efficiently. One of the drawbacks of the device is that it is more prone to attracting dust.

Optical Mouse

An optical mouse has light emitter and light detector but it uses LED as the light emitter. It generally has lower DPI than laser mouse and users might find difficulty in using the device on black or shiny surfaces.

Wireless Mouse

A mouse with no cord that transmits infrared or radio signals (RF) to a base station receiver. Wireless mice eliminate the cord tangling associated with the corded variety. The infrared type requires line of sight to the receiver, whereas the RF variety uses radio waves that transmit in a wider pattern.(Bluetooth, Infra – red)

Web Cameras a video camera that

inputs to a computer connected to the Internet, so that its images can be viewed by Internet users.

Scanners In computing, an image scanner

—often abbreviated to just scanner—is a device that optically scans images, printed text, handwriting, or an object, and converts it to a digital image. Common examples found in offices are variations of the desktop (or flatbed) scanner where the document is placed on a glass window for scanning. Hand-held scanners, where the device is moved by hand, have evolved from text scanning "wands" to 3D scannersused for industrial design, reverse engineering, test and measurement, orthotics, gaming and other applications. 

BARCODE Scanner

Is a scanning device that reads codes specifically barcodes, these type of input devices are primarily used in malls and stores to read data such as price and display it on the computer

Microphones Computer microphones are

hardware devices used in transmitting sound. They enable the computer to access sound signal from an external source such as speech or music.

Output Devices

An output device is any hardware component that conveys information to one or more people.

Monitors A monitor or a display is an

electronic visual display for computers. The monitor comprises the display device, circuitry and an enclosure. The display device in modern monitors is typically a thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) thin panel, while older monitors used a cathode ray tube (CRT) about as deep as the screen size.

Printers Prints a hard copy of photo’s,

documents and other digital file in a computer usually used in connection with document processing software and photo processing software

Two types of printers

Impact Printers

It considered impact printers when part of the printer presses the paper to form the character. Impact printers can produce carbon copies and are noisy, although covers are available to muffle the noise. In contrast, non impact printer can't produce carbon copies. This is usually not a problem because it's easy to produce multiple originals, but sometimes carbons are required for legal purposes.

Printers Non-impact Printers

Non-impact printers are the most widely used printers for PCs today. Non-impact printers can produce both text and graphics. Because nothing strikes the paper, non-impact printers are quiet. Some of the most popular non-impact printers are laser printers and inkjet printers..

Speakers Speakers are one of the most

common output devices used with computer systems. Some speakers are designed to work specifically with computers, while others can be hooked up to any type of sound system. Regardless of their design, the purpose of speakers is to produce audio output that can be heard by the listener.

Slide Projectors An LCD projector is a type

of video projector for displaying video, images or computer data on a screen or other flat surface. It is a modern equivalent of the slide projector or overhead projector. To display images

CHECK UP

What is the name of the following

INPUT DEVICE shown in the

picture slide???

Keyboards

Wireless Mouse

Web Cameras

Photo & Document Scanners

BARCODE Scanner

CHECK UP

What is the name of the following

OUTPUT DEVICE shown in the

picture slide???

ComputerMonitors

Printers

Speakers

Slide Projectors

END OF PRESENTATION

THANK YOU !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!