basic skin histology - ohio university heritage college of
TRANSCRIPT
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Basic Skin HistologyMark Berryman, Dept. of Biomedical Sciences
Ohio University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens
Protection Sensation Thermoregulation Metabolism
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Wheater’s Functional Histology
Layers of Skin
1) Epidermisstratified squamous epithelium
epidermal ridges
2) Dermis
a) papillary layer
small blood vessels, lymph & nerves
fine collagen & elastic fibers
b) reticular layer
vascular plexus, lymph, nerves & appendages
compact collagen fibers & thick elastic fibers
3) Hypodermis (subcutaneous)
mainy adipose tissue
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Wheater’s Functional Histology
Corneum (squames)
Granulosum (keratohyalin granules)
Spinosum (desmosomes)
Basale (germinal)
Epidermis
4 distinct cell types: 1) Keratinocyte, 2) Melanocyte, 3) Langerhans cell, 4) Merkel cell
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Dermo-epidermal Junction
1) Hemidesmosome
a) germinal cell
-keratin filaments
-cytoplasmic plaque
-plasma membrane
-transmembrane linkers
2) Basal lamina
a) lamina lucida
-anchoring proteins
b) lamina densa
-crosslinking fibrils
3) Subjacent connective tissuea) collagen fibers
b) elastic fibers
Basal cell
Dermis
Wheater’s Functional Histology
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Wheater’s Functional Histology
Melanocyte: neural crest origin; no desomosomal attachments
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Wheater’s Functional Histology
tyrosine 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) melanin
early melanosome
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Wheater’s Functional Histology
Langerhans cell: dendritic processes; antigen presentation
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Wheater’s Functional Histology
Desmosomes: false intercellular bridges
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Wheater’s Functional Histology
Go
Keratin Filaments
-dense cytoplasmic bundles
-crosslinked by filaggrin to form large aggregates
-concentrated at cell periphery in projections that terminate at desomosomal junctions
-crucial for structural integrity, stability, and continuity of the epithelium
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Wheater’s Functional Histology
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From Molecular Cell Biology
Desomosome Structure
1) adaptor proteins (e.g. plakoglobin) attach keratin filaments to the cytoplasmic plaque
2) transmembrane linkers (e.g. desmoglein) connect adjacent cells
a) cytoplasmic domain binds the adaptor
b) extracellular domain associates with linker on apposing cell (via homophilic interaction)
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Wheater’s Functional Histology
Keratohyaline Granules
-rich in sulfated amino acids (cysteine)
-contain membranous lamellar bodies consisting of glycolipids (acylglucosylceramide)
-eventually secreted and deposited between keratinocytes
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Skin Appendages
Wheater’s Functional Histology
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Wheater’s Functional HistologyScalp
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Wheater’s Functional HistologyAbdomen
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Wheater’s Functional HistologyPubic
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Wheater’s Functional Histology
Hair Follicle
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Wheater’s Functional Histology
Sebaceous Glands
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Wheater’s Functional Histology
Merocrine (eccrine) Sweat Glands
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Wheater’s Functional Histology
Apocrine Sweat Glands
-associated withhair follicles
-store secretory productsin lumen
-straight duct, non-resorptive
-inactive until puberty
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CirculationWheater’s Functional Histology
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HEMOSTASIS
INFLAMMATION
FIBROPLASIA
EPITHELIALIZATION
REMODELING
The Normal Wound Healing Response
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Basic Histopathology Fig. 2.11
Skin Scar from Biopsy
-fibroelastic tissue forms scar
-no skin appendages
-progressive reduction in cellularity
-progressive loss of capillaries
-contraction of scar
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REFERENCES
1) Wheater’s Functional Histology (2000). Young & Heath, eds. Fourth edition. Churchill Livingstone.
2) Principles of Surgery (1999). Schwartz, Shires, Spencer, Daly, Fischer & Galloway, eds. Seventh edition. McGraw-Hill.
3) Molecular Cell Biology (1999). Lodish, Berk, Zipursky, Matsudaira, Baltimore & Darnell, eds. Fourth edition. W.H. Freeman & Co.
4) Basic Histopathology (1991). Wheater, Burkitt, Stevens & Lowe, eds. Second edition. Churchill Livingstone.