basic presentation skills (1)

7/30/2019 Basic Presentation Skills (1)

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DEVELOPING & DELIVERING AN

EFFECTIVE

PRESENTATION


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Nerves.... The main enemy of a presenter

is tension, which ruins thevoice, posture & spontaneity.

Voice becomes higher as thethroat tenses.

Shoulders tighten up & limitflexibility while the legs start toshake & cause unsteadiness.

The presentation becomes"canned" as the speaker locks inon notes & starts to readdirectly from them.

If I had a way to remove all fear

of speaking for you, I wouldnt

do it. The day you become

casual about speaking is the day

you risk falling on your face.


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Tips to Eliminate Speech Anxiety

Realize that your audience will probably not

recognize your fear.

Recognize that audiences are

approving & accepting. They want

you to succeed.

Humanize your delivery. Dont try

to be someone you are not.


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Before the Presentation Reduce Tension by Doing:

Stand with you feet about 6 inches apart, arms hanging by your

sides, & fingers unclenched.

Gently shake each part of your body, starting with hands, arms,

shoulders, torso & legs.

Concentrate on shaking out the tension.

Then slowly rotate your shoulders forwards & then backwards.

Move on to your head.

Rotate it slowly clockwise, and then counter-clockwise.


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Mental visualization:

- Visualize the room, audience, & giving the presentation.

- Take a moment - a sip of water - a deep breath

concentrate on relaxing - say to your self, "I can do it!"

- Imagine the audience in

compromising positions

Distract yourself for 10 minutes before you begin.

Neck exercises Breathe deeply

Prepare answers to anticipated questions


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SYMPTOM CURE

Nervous energy Talk a walk

Trembling legs Gently or imperceptibly lean on

the lectern or table

Shaking hands Use a handheld microphone.

Avoid holding anything flexible

until you are calm.

Avoid caffeine.

Dry mouth; tight throat Take small drinks of warm water

to loosen your vocal cords.

Feeling isolated Make eye contact with the

friendliest faces in the audience


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11/17/2012 9

Verbal

Non Verbal

Communication


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Verbal Vs non-verbal communication

Words

(7%)

Tone of

Voice(38 %)

Body

Language

(55%)


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I need this job done right now.


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Voice.

Volume & Emphasis

Pace

Tone

Rhythm


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Our school is the best in town. The teachers arefriendly, and very knowledgeable about English.

I've studied at the school for two years and myEnglish is becoming very good. I hope you willvisit our school and try an English class. Maybewe can become friends, too!

Our school is the BEST in town. The teachers arefriendly, and VERY KNOWLEDGEABLE aboutEnglish. I've studied at the school for two years

and my English is becoming VERY GOOD. I hopeyou will visit our school and try an English class.MAYBE we can become FRIENDS!


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conduct (N) conduct (V)

contrast (N) contrast (V)

desert (N) desert (V)

escort (N) escort (V)export (N) export (V)

import (N) import (V)

insult (N) insult (V)

object (N) object (V)

perfect (A) perfect (V)permit (N) permit (V)

present (N,A) present (V)

produce (N) produce (V)

protest (N) protest (V)

rebel (N) rebel (V)record (N) record (V)

subject (N) subject (V)


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Enunciationmanner in which you sound parts of words

.. Saying all the sounds in a word clearly.

Do not drop off the ends of words, esp "ing," "ed," "d," "p," or "t."

Talking talkin Studying studyin Going to gonna

Do not muddle the middle of words by replacing sharper sounds

(like "t'") with softer sounds (like "d")

Butter budder

Do not run words together.

Whadjagit What did you get WuzzatWhats that


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Slow you rate of speak to avoid enunciation errors

Enunciate in front of the mirror (clearly form wordswith your lips)

Pay special attention to /p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/ whenthey come at the end of a word

open your mouth for vowel sounds so that they areformed properly

Breathe regularly


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Voice Training Exercises:

Red leather, yellow leather

She is a thistle sifter, and she has a sieve of siftedthistles and a sieve of unsifted thistles, because sheis a thistle sifter.

Enemy, enemy, many men enemy.

Many men have many minds

He generally reads regularly in a government libraryparticularly rich in Coptic manuscripts, except duringthe month of February. (sound every syllable)

The man from Hong Kong was beating the gong, andit boomed and it thundered round Pal-en-jen-bang.


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11/17/2012 19

Nonverbal Communication

Body Language

It could be called a language which conveysaffirmative , ambiguous or negative signalsdepending on individual perception.

The point is do we understand them in detail?

If Yes then do we act upon them ?

If No then we need practice.


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.Gripping the lectern

.Chewing on objects,fingernails

.Constant throat clearing

.Playing with hair, beard,jewelry

.Rocking back & forth

.Rubbing or picking atclothes

.Clenched fists

.Jingling coins or keys inpockets or hands

.Slouching

.Standing extremely rigidly

.Crossed arms

.Pounding fists

.Hands on hips

.Pointing index finger

.Hands behind back

.Hands on lapel or hem of

jacket.Preening gestures


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.Open hands

.Expansive gestures

.Stepping out from behind the lectern

.Walking towards & into the audience

.Animated facial expressions

.Dramatic pauses

.Confident & consistent eye contact

Open & Confident


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People not only listen to you, they also watch you!!!

Personal Appearance

Confidence


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This is 'good' to

Westerners,

'one to Italians,

'five' to Japanese

And

'up yours' to

the Greeks!!!

Cultural Considerations


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'OK' to a Westerner,

'money to a Japanese,

'zero' to the French

insulting to the Turks &

Brazilians


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Proximity

- Cultural norms dictate a

comfortable distancefor interaction

- If there is too much

distance - move around

the room to increaseinteraction with your

audience.

Eye Contact

- Helps to regulate the flow

of communication.

- Signals interest in others &

increases the speaker's

credibility.

- M or W


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Posture & Body Orientation

Standing erect & leaning

forward = approachable,

receptive & friendly.

Looking at the floor or ceiling

= disinterest.

Avoid creating barriers


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Gestures

- If you fail to gesture while

speaking, you may beperceived as boring and stiff.

-Beware of distracting

mannerisms

Movement

-Avoid standing still, but donot move constantly

-Avoid rocking movements


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Facial Expressions

- Smile


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Mannerisms that Distract & Signal that

you are Nervous Pacing up and down the room

Crossing your arms in front of your body

Turning your back to your audience

Bad posture

Tapping your feet

Swaying Resting on / tightly grasping the lectern/podium

Bracing against the lectern/podium

Sitting on the desk

Tugging at or playing with clothing or jewelry

Touching your hair constantly Tapping the lectern or projector with a pen, or pointer

Picking at your fingernails

Tapping your feet


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Body Language In Black n White

Dear John I want a man who knows what

love is all about you are generous kind

thoughtful people who are not like youadmit to being useless and inferior you have

ruined me for other men I yearn for you I

have no feelings whatsoever when wereapart Will you let me be yours Gloria


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11/17/2012 33

Body Language In Black n White

Dear John,

I want a man who knows what love is all about. Youare generous, kind thoughtful. People who are notlike you admit to being useless and inferior. Youhave ruined me for other men. I yearn for you. Ihave no feelings whatsoever when were apart .Willyou let me be yours?

Gloria


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4 Delivery Styles....

Manuscript

Memorized

Impromptu

Extemporaneous


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Preparing an Effective Presentation

Determine your purpose

Analyze your audience

Gather supporting information

Organize your presentation

Select appropriate presentation aids

Prepare your presentation

Rehearse your presentation


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Why Get Organized????

enhances a speakers credibility by

demonstrating clear thinking

increases comprehension & retention


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Organizing the Presentation..

Tell them what youre going to tell them

Tell them

Tell them what youve told them

O li F


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Outline FormatPurpose: ______________________________

I. Main Point

A. Subpoint

1. More detailed information

2. More detailed material

B. Subpoint

1. More detailed information

a. Even more specific material

II. Main Point

A . Subpoint1. More detailed information

a. Even more specific material

B. Subpoint .................


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Beginning a Speech....

Speech: persuade audience to eat less fat....

This morning Id like to persuade you to eat

less fat in your diet.....

BORINGGGGGG


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Fifty percent of the population of the US is killing itself. On

this room, over half of us are eating ourselves to an early

death brought on by too much fat in our diets. Countless

studies indicate that there is a very real relationship betweenour diet & the development of life-threatening diseases such

as cancer, stroke & diabetes. The Surgeon Generals Report on

Nutrition and Health concurs with this correlation by stating

that the single most influential dietary change one can maketo lower the risks of diseases such as cancer, stroke & diabetes

is to reduce intake of foods high in fat.

Today I am going to stand before you to convince you to

reduce your daily intake of fat. I will give you three well-

documented reasons that its important to eat a low-fat diet

and then we will look at what a healthy diet looks like. Please

attend to my message, as what I say may save your life.


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Introduction.

Who are you? What is your topic?

What is your purpose?

How will you tell it all?

Get people's attention

Welcome them

Introduce yourselfState the purpose of your presentation


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Get people's attention

If I could have everybody's attention.

If we can start. OR

Perhaps we should begin? USE ONE OF THE STRATEGIES Let's get started.

Welcome them

Welcome to LUMS. Thank you for coming today.

Good morning, ladies and gentlemen.

On behalf of Intell, I'd like to welcome you.

Introduce yourself

My name's Ali Ahmed and I .

For those of you who don't know me, my name's Raza Khan.


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Strategies for Attracting Attention

Twelve of our customers have cancelled orders in the past month.

Startling Statement

Are you going to have enough money to do the things you want to when youretire?

Rhetorical Question

Author and columnist Earl Wilson said, 'If you wouldn't write it and sign it,don't say it. This gives us a clue as to how you can gain believability fromyour audience.

Quotation

Anecdote

h f


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State the purpose of your presentation

talk about = to speak about a subject

Today I'd like to talk about our plans for the new site.

I'm going to be talking to you about the results of our survey.

report on = to tell you about what has been done.

I'm going to be reporting on our results last quarter.

Today I will be reporting on the progress we have made since our last meeting.

take a look at = to examine

First, let's take a look at what we have achieved so far.

Before we go on to the figures, I'd like to take a look at the changes we have made.

show = to explain something by doing it or by giving instructions.

The object of this morning's talk is to show you how to put the theory into practice.

Today I'm going to show you how to get the most out of the new software.


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tell you about = to speak to someone to give them information orinstructions

First, I will tell you about the present situation, then go onto what weare going to do.

When I have finished, Jack will then tell you about what is happeningin Europe.

outline = to give the main facts or information about something.

I'd like to outline the new policy and give you some practical examples.I will only give you a brief outline and explain how it affects you.

fill you in on = to give some extra or missing information

I'd like to quickly fill you in on what has happened.When I have finished outlining the policy, Jerry will fill you in on what

we want you to do.


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give an overview of= to give a short description with general

information but no details.

Firstly, I would like to give you a brief overview of the situation.

I'll give you an overview of our objectives and then hand over to Peterfor more details.

highlight = draw attention to or emphasize the important facts.

The results highlight our strengths and our weaknesses.I'd now like to go on to highlight some of the advantages that these

changes will bring.

discuss = to talk about ideas or opinions on a subject in more detail.

I'm now going to go on to discuss our options in more detail.

After a brief overview of the results, I'd like to discuss the implications

in more detail.


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Overview of the main points:

First, Id like to talk about who the homeless in

Columbus are. Second, Ill talk about the

services The Open Shelter provides. Finally, Ill

talk about what you either individually or as

a group can do to help.


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Use short sentences.

Avoid:

Im so nervous

I really dont know much about this.

I apologize for taking up your time.


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Body.

Organize logically

Keep the number of main points down to an

appropriate level

Smooth transitions between your main points

Clear support for each main point


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Patterns for Organizing your Speech.

Topical (Climactic) Order

Purpose: To inform my audience about the 3 major areas of

my life

The most important area of my life is my relationship with my

mother

The second most important area in my life is my quest for

spiritual truth

Another instrumental area in my life is my work to acquire a

doctorate of philosophy.


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Chronological Order

Purpose: To inform my audience about the 3important areas of my life

A spiritual quest became very important to me in

high school.

After I left the service, I became determined to earn

a doctorate of philosophy

After college, I developed a strong relationship withmy mother


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Spatial Order

Purpose: To inform my audience about the 4flours of XYZ

The first floor will house the gymnasium, auditorium,cafeteria & offices

The second story will contain Math & Science classes.

The third floor will house the humanities classes.

The fourth floor will contain the art classes.


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Problem-Solution Order (for persuasion)

Purpose: To persuade my audience that weneed to take legislative action to solve the

growing problem of the homeless.

There is a large and growing homeless problem in

the United States

We can solve this problem through a combination of

increased federal social welfare programs anddecreased deinstitutionalizing the mentally ill.

Offer a clear signpost as you come to each new point


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Offer a clear signpost as you come to each new point:

Now we come to the third point: what you can do as agroup or as individuals to help homeless people inColumbus.

So much for what we are doing. Now lets talk aboutwhat you can do to help.

You may be wondering, what can I do to help?

As you can see, the Shelter is trying to do many things.We could do more things with your help.

Hold the listeners attention


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Hold the listener s attention

Short, active sentences

Examples & specific details

Emphasize your main points

This is my most important pointThis then, is the critical issue

Involve your listeners

Help them form images

Tasks & demonstrations


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Closing.

To signal that the end is near To summarize

To leave your audience with something memorable &

worthwhile

3 Techniques:

Quotations

Narration

Challenges or Appeals


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Restate your main point

Refer to your opener to create a frame for

your presentation

End with a vivid positive picture

Tell the audience exactly what to do next.

Signal to the audience that you are finishing

- Transitional devices

- Pause & lower the pitch of your voice


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Transitions

Tie all parts of your speech use transitions

3 strategies:

Signposts

Internal Previews

Internal Reviews


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Signposts

Connect ideas & help to keep your audience on track.

First, finally, further, moreover, whereas, however, consider

this, specifically, third, next, thus,

Internal Preview

Prepare your audience for forthcoming information

Lets examine the second impact of XYZ. In this portion of myspeech I will discuss how this research study has

influenced.......


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Internal Review

Provides your audience with a summary of your

information before you move on to new ideas.

Assist audience in retaining important points

Over the last half hour, we have examined............

We have also looked at .........


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Survival Language.If you get your facts wrong.

I am terribly sorry. What I meant to say was this

If you have forgotten to make a point.

Sorry, I should just mention one other thing

If I can just go back to the previous point, there is something that Id like to add

If you realize that what you are saying makes no sense. Let me rephrase that to make it quite clear

If you are short of time.

So just to give you the main points

As we are short of time, this is just a quick summary of the main points

If you have been too complicated & want to simplify what you said.

So, basically, the point I am trying to get across is this


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Using Evidence..

Quotations

Assertion: I think that people become stronger individuals

as they work through their problems.

Quotation: According to Dr M. Scott, psychologist and

author of the best-selling book The Road Less

Travelled,It is only because of problems that

we grow mentally and spiritually.


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Statistics

Assertion: The size of the United States is pretty smallcompared to the rest of the world.

Statistic: Although the United States is approximately

3,800,000 square miles, its share of the world

land mass is only 6 percent.

Narration

Factual or hypothetical


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Questions about your Evidence

Do I have enough evidence to defend my assertion, or do I

need to gather more supporting material?

Have I explained my evidence clearly?

Is my evidence taken from an unbiased & credible source?

Is my evidence current?


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Notes.

Cue card brief key words

Timings

Messages to yourself with different coloredpens

Clip them together number them


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Questions.

Questions do not mean you did not explainthe topic good enough, but that theaudiences interest is deeper than the average

audience.

Keep cool if a questioner disagrees with you.You are a professional!

No matter how hard you try, not everyone inthe world will agree with you!

After inviting questions do not rush ahead if no one asks a question


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After inviting questions, do not rush ahead if no one asks a question.

Pause for about 6 seconds to allow the audience to gather their thoughts.

Start the ball rollingYour own remark: One question you might have is.

When a question is asked, rephrase & repeat the question to ensure

that everyone heard it

Treat questions with respect

Do not antagonize or embarrass even the most hostile questioner.

I dont blame you for thinking the plan is far-fetched, Sara. We

thought it was strange at first, too, but the more we examined it, the

better it looked.

If you do not know the answer be honest do not


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If you do not know the answer, be honest, do notwaffle. Tell them you will get back to them...and makesure you do!

Address your answer to the entire audience Answers that last 10 to 40 seconds work best.

Keep your answers focused on your goal

If someone takes issue with something you said, try to

find a way to agree with part of their argument.

"Yes, I understand your position..."

"I'm glad you raised that point, but..."

. the idea is to praise their point & agreewith them.

Buy time when necessary


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Buy time when necessary

Rephrase the question

It sounds like everything about the project looks goodto you except the schedule, Ali.

Turn the question aroundHow would you deal with the situation and still goahead with the project, Mary?

Turn the question outwardRaza, you are the best technical person here. What doyou think is the best way to save energy costs?

When you don't want to answer:


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y

To be honest, I'm not really the person to ask about that.

When someone interrupts you:

Sorry, could I just finish?

When you finally understand what they want to know:

Oh I see. So what you are asking is

When you realize they don't understand what you said:

Perhaps I didn't make myself clear. What I was trying to say was

If you don't want to tell everyone:

Perhaps we can talk about it when I have finished.

To close off the presentation:

If there are no more questions, we should stop there.


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Follow the last question with a summary

Im grateful for the chance to answer your

questions. Now that weve gone over the cost

projections, I think you can see why were

convinced that this proposal can help boostproductivity and cut overheads by almost 10%

overnight. Were ready to make these changes

immediately. The sooner we hear from you,the sooner we can get started.


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How well we communicate is determined not

only by how well we say things, but also by

how well we are understood.

basic presentation skills (1)

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