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By the end of this lecture you should know:By the end of this lecture you should know: How to measure distanceHow to measure distance How to ContourHow to Contour

Measuring DistanceMeasuring Distance

There are 2 ways to measure distanceThere are 2 ways to measure distance Pacing – counting your steps.Pacing – counting your steps. Timing – how long it takes to reach features.Timing – how long it takes to reach features.

PacingPacing

Used for measuring accurate and short distances.Used for measuring accurate and short distances. Count every other pace, Count every other pace,

i.e. Every time your right foot hits the ground.i.e. Every time your right foot hits the ground. Practise and work out how many of your own steps Practise and work out how many of your own steps

equals a known distance. equals a known distance.

E.g.. My paces (counting my right leg) are 4ft approx. E.g.. My paces (counting my right leg) are 4ft approx. If I count 320 paces I will travel half a mile.If I count 320 paces I will travel half a mile.

TimingTiming

Timing is used for longer distances and when you may Timing is used for longer distances and when you may accidentally walk past your objective.accidentally walk past your objective.

If the distance to the objective is known and you know If the distance to the objective is known and you know your travelling speed you can state when you will reach an your travelling speed you can state when you will reach an objective.objective.

E.g. You walk at 3mph and the objective is 3 miles away, E.g. You walk at 3mph and the objective is 3 miles away, you will reach the objective in an hour.you will reach the objective in an hour.

E.g. You walk at 3mph and the objective is 1 mile away, E.g. You walk at 3mph and the objective is 1 mile away, how long will it take to reach the objective?how long will it take to reach the objective?

20 minutes20 minutes

TimingTiming

Walking uphill is more difficult and will take longer. You Walking uphill is more difficult and will take longer. You must allow for this in your timing. must allow for this in your timing.

A British Climber call Naismith devised a rule back in 1892 A British Climber call Naismith devised a rule back in 1892 which we can use.which we can use.

Naismith’s rule:Naismith’s rule:Allow 1 hour for every 3 miles(5 km) forward, plus ½ hour for every 1000 feet(300 metres) climbed.

E.g. you travel along an uphill path for 6 miles and climb E.g. you travel along an uphill path for 6 miles and climb 500ft. How long will it take500ft. How long will it take?

2 hours and 15mintues.2 hours and 15mintues. When going down a steep hill add on 10minutes for every When going down a steep hill add on 10minutes for every

200m descended.200m descended.

TimingTiming

However you time your journey you must take account of However you time your journey you must take account of several things.several things.

Fitness:Fitness: your group can only travel as fast as the slowest your group can only travel as fast as the slowest member, do not let them trail behind and maintain a member, do not let them trail behind and maintain a comfortable pace.comfortable pace.

Terrain:Terrain: uneven ground, marsh and slopes takes longer to uneven ground, marsh and slopes takes longer to cross than flat ground. Make an allowance.cross than flat ground. Make an allowance.

LoadLoad: a heavy rucksack will slow you down. You might only : a heavy rucksack will slow you down. You might only travel at 1-2 mph instead of 3mph.stravel at 1-2 mph instead of 3mph.s

ContouringContouring

Much easier than going over some large inclines.Much easier than going over some large inclines. Maintain your height and walk around the obstacle. Maintain your height and walk around the obstacle. E.g to walk over this hill would take an extra 45 minutes E.g to walk over this hill would take an extra 45 minutes

and require greater effort. and require greater effort. By contouring around no climbing is necessary and less By contouring around no climbing is necessary and less time is spent on the obstacle.time is spent on the obstacle.