8/9/2019 Basic Medical Disease

1/18

 

BASIC MECHANISM DISEASE

( BMD )

Rosdiana Natzir

( Department of medical-biocemistr! )

8/9/2019 Basic Medical Disease

2/18

 

references

Harper"s biocemistr!

Ra#n International Biocemistr! Str!er"s biocemistr!

8/9/2019 Basic Medical Disease

3/18

 

Introd$ction

Biocemistr! and Medicine %

  de&nition of biocemistr! ---'is te science concerned #it te ario$smolec$les and teir cemical reactions tatocc$r in liin cells and oranism*

8/9/2019 Basic Medical Disease

4/18

 

+ central concerns of ealt sciences

,* te $nderstandin of ealt and maintenanceof ealt

+* te $nderstandin of disease and eectietreatment of disease*

8/9/2019 Basic Medical Disease

5/18

8/9/2019 Basic Medical Disease

6/18

 

E1ample % molec$lar basis of contractilit! of

m$scle2m$scle cell* Man! molec$les in m$scle cell---' isolate %

primer or comple1 ---- proteins*

Str$ct$re of teir molec$les

3$nctions of eac str$ct$res*

(A.4 5 proteins % actin0 m!osin0 actom!osin 5calci$m 5 re$lation of contraction )

8/9/2019 Basic Medical Disease

7/18 

Biocemistr! ---' to $nderstand o# lifebean ---'

  as #ide as life itself ---'

cemical processes occ$r #ereer tere arelife*

  Normal biocemical processes are te basis ofealt* (6H7) and one ma/or prere8$isite forte maintenance of ealt ---' optimal dietar!

inta9e of a n$mber of cemicals*---' or as apreentie medicine*---'

8/9/2019 Basic Medical Disease

8/18 

3or e1ample te preention of aterosclerosis andcancer---all e1cessie dietar! fat as promoters#it teir associated neoplasm in $mas*

---' st$d! of n$trition*

Biocemistr! is essential to all life sciences %

,* N$trition :* to1icolo!

+* Medicine ;* patolo!

* microbiolo!

?* 4!siolo! ,@* zoolo!

* Imm$nolo! ,,* botan!

* 4armacolo! and parmac!

8/9/2019 Basic Medical Disease

9/18 

All disease as a biocemical basis %

te ma/or ca$ses of diseases*

4!sical aent% mecanical tra$ma5 e1tremes oftemperat$re5 electric soc95 radiation5atmoperic press$re*

Cemical aents and dr$s*

bioloic aents% ir$s 5 bacteria5 f$ni*

71!en lac9*

=enetics % -albinism 2 melanin

Im$noloic reaction % -4A+ released - alleric

N$tritional imbalance % - 9#asior9or0 -marasm$s

Endocrine imbalance*

8/9/2019 Basic Medical Disease

10/18

 

Seeral samples ca$ses to in$ences ario$s

biocemical mecanisms in cell or in te bod! %

itamins---' de&ciences*

Amino acids ---' 9#asior9or

3att! acids ---' aterosclerosis 4FGpen!l9eton$ria ---' seere mental

retardation

=enetic disease ---' c!stic &brosis ( abnormall!

isco$s secretion of s#eat land )* Bacterial disease ---' colera*

 .ransmitted parasite ---' malaria*

8/9/2019 Basic Medical Disease

11/18

 

Biochemistry ---> basic mechanismdiseases

Musculosceletal system :

> vitamine C defciency ( Scurvy )—disorder o

synthesis o collagen

  > gout disease or osteoarthritis disease—catabolism

o !urine

"astrointestinal system :

  > defciency o en#yme

$mmunology system : %gammaglobulinemia

8/9/2019 Basic Medical Disease

12/18

 

* Metabolic-endocrine s!stem % diabetesmellit$s5 !pert!roid*

* Acid-base balance in respirator! and renalf$nction s!stem*

* Hematolo! s!stem % s!ntesis of eme*

* Catabolism and e1cretion s!stem % ario$s

components ( amonia5 $rea5 $ric acid )*

 

8/9/2019 Basic Medical Disease

13/18

 

Ma/or component of comple1 oranicbiomolec$les of cells and tiss$es %

DNA and RNA % enetic material*

4rotein % enz!mes5 contractile

elements* 4ol!saccarides % sort term storae of

ener!

  ( l$cose )*

* ipids % membrane5 lon-termstorae of

ener! as tril!cerides*

8/9/2019 Basic Medical Disease

14/18

 

Ma/or intracell$ler oranelles %

N$cle$s % DNA - site of cromosome andtranscription *

Mitocondrion % =l$tamic de!droenase  citric

acid c!cle 5 o1idatie pospor!lation* Ribosome % Hi content of RNA  translation of

m RNA to protein*

Endoplasmic retic$l$m % l$cose--pospatase  

s!ntesis of lipids 5 o1idation of man! 1enobiotics* !sosomes % acid pospatase  site of man!

!drolases*

8/9/2019 Basic Medical Disease

15/18

 

4lasma membrane % NaFJA.4 ase  transportmolec$les*

=ol! apparat$s % alactos!l transferase  

l!cosilation reaction5 s$lfation reaction*

4ero1isome % catalase  deradation of fatt!acids5 amino acids* Gric acids o1idase  prod$ction and deradation of !droen pero1ide*

C!tosol % lactate de!droenase  l!col!sis5fatt! acids s!ntesis*

8/9/2019 Basic Medical Disease

16/18

 

Ma/or metods $sed to separate and p$ri&edbiomolec$les %

Salt fractionation ( ammoni$m s$lfate )*

Cromatorap!*

=el &ltration Electroporesis*

Gltracentrif$ation*

8/9/2019 Basic Medical Disease

17/18

 

Hierarc! of preparations $sed to st$d!biocemical processes %

St$dies at te #ole animal leel %

  incl$de %

' remoal of an oran*  ' alteration of diet*

  ' administration of dr$*

  ' administration of to1in*

  ' #it a speci&c disease % diabetes mellit$s*  ' #it a sopisticated tecni8$e s$c as

positron

emision tomorap!5 radioisotope*

8/9/2019 Basic Medical Disease

18/18

 

Isolated perf$sed oran*  .iss$e slice*

Gsed of #ole cells

 blood cells* Homoenates indiid$als cell preparation* Isolated cells oranelles  f$nction of

mitocondrion5 endoplasmic retic$l$m* S$bfractionation of oranelles* Isolation and caracteristic of enz!mes  #it

an! cemical reactions* Clonin of enes for enz!mes and proteins *