basic life support - atimures.ro€¦ · basic life support. c2 objectives to understand: • the...
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C1
BASIC LIFE SUPPORT
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C2
Objectives To understand: • The risks to the rescuer during
resuscitation • How to perform BLS • The differences between “layperson”
and “in-hospital” BLS
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C3
Risks to the rescuer
• Eliminate or minimise risk • Manual Handling • Beware of environmental danger:
– traffic – electricity – gas – water
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C4
Risks to the rescuer: poisoning
• Hydrogen cyanide or hydrogen sulphide gas – mask and non-return
• Corrosive chemicals – absorbed through skin and respiratory
tract – protective clothing
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C5
• 15 documented cases of CPR related infection - mainly Neisseria meningitidis
• Tuberculosis • Not hepatitis B or C, or CMV • 3 cases of HIV transmission from high-
risk cutaneous exposure
Risks to the rescuer: infection
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C6
• Gloves and eye protection
• Sharps box • Face-mask with one-
way valves • Manikins
– clean regularly
Risks to the rescuer: precautions against infection
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C7
Assessment
Ensure safety of rescuer and victim
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C8
Shake and Shout
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C9
Is the victim responsive?
YES
• Check for injuries • Reassess • Get help
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C10
Is the victim responsive?
NO
• Shout for help • Open their airway • Check for breathing
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C11
Opening the airway
• Head tilt • Chin lift • If cervical spine
injury suspected: – jaw thrust
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C12
Assess Breathing • Look for chest
movement • Listen for breath
sounds • Feel for expired air • Assess for 10 seconds
before deciding breathing is absent
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C13
Is the victim breathing?
YES
• If safe, use recovery position • Telephone for help • Reassess at intervals
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C14 Recovery Position 1st Stage
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C15 Recovery Position 2nd Stage
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C16 Recovery Position 3rd Stage
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C17
Recovery Position 4th Stage
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C18
Is the victim breathing?
NO
• Telephone for help • Give two slow effective rescue breaths • Make up to 5 attempts
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C19
Rescue breathing (Expired air ventilation)
• Occlude victim’s nose • Maintain chin lift • Take a deep breath • Ensure a good mouth-
to-mouth seal
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C20
Rescue breathing (Expired air ventilation)
• Blow steadily (2 sec) into victim’s mouth
• Watch for chest rise • Maintain chin lift,
remove mouth • Watch chest fall
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C21 Watch for chest fall
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C22
Finger sweep
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C23
Assess Circulation
• Look, listen and feel for normal breathing, coughing, or movement by the victim
• Take no more than 10 seconds
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C24
Is a circulation present?
YES
• Continue with rescue breathing • Reassess for signs of a circulation about every minute
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C25
Is a circulation present?
NO • Start chest compressions • Continue with rescue breathing
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C26
Chest compressions: Depress sternum 5-6 cm Rate: 100 per minute
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C27
Chest compressions
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C28
One Person CPR
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C29
Chest compression: breath ratio
• 30 compressions : 2 breaths for – 1-person CPR – 2-person CPR
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C30
Continue resuscitation until:
• Qualified help arrives and takes over • The victim shows signs of life • You become exhausted
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C31
Mouth-to-nose ventilation
• If mouth-to-mouth technically difficult • If mouth seriously injured • Rescue from water • Resuscitation carried out by a child • Aesthetic reasons
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C32
Compression-only CPR
• Reluctance to perform mouth-to-mouth ventilation
• Chest compression alone better than no CPR
• If possible combine with head tilt • Appropriate for telephone-CPR
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C33
Cervical spine injury?
• If possible, maintain alignment of head, neck and chest
• Minimum head tilt only • Jaw thrust preferable • Assistance often required
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C34
Choking: Back Blows
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C35
Abdominal Thrusts
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C36
Any Questions?