basic la lecture 03 ecology & culture

8/4/2019 Basic LA Lecture 03 Ecology & Culture

1/8

3);1);0:

OJ\F[N MVGNJE MF/32JSPFM FMIGIAN LJD KVLJ^JLJGJO J[SN\FM\V[ GJDSMJP

GJDSMJP t %ndaj| lfhndnsn)pfdaf{|njdd~j.

Ofopvd~jn mj{jm|f{ %|{ipns' |fopf{j|f=

av{vd' avdvda' pjd|jn= {v{jg' v{kjd=i{nfd|jg' qfs|f{d= |{jlnsnidjg)f|dnm'oilf{d' lgg.

Mj{jm|f{ gjdsmjp ovdcvg |f{bjln mj{fdjmfmvj|jd hjm|i{/hjm|i{ pfokfd|vmd~j'

kjnm kf{vpj fgfofd j|jv p{isfs jgjon%jspfm fmigians. ojvpvd mj{fdjpfdaj{ve ojdvsnj %jspfm kvlj~j.

HJC\I[S HI[OS

Cgnoj|f

Afiadis|nc Gjdl

sv{hjcf

Cgnoj|nc sing DJ\V[JG

Xfaf|j|nidjg l{jndjaf GJDLSCJPF

ondf{jg {fsiv{cfs

U Sfj jdl cijs|

Xfaf|j|nid

\NOF

HJC\I[S OFLNVO HI[OS

Pipvgj|nid

lfdsn|~

oikngn|~

Eivsnda

Cvg|v{f \NOF pgjd

s|{vc|v{f

P{ilvc|nid

Cioovdncj|$

UU

CVG\V[JG

GJDLSCJPF

Dj|v{jg

Gjdlscjpf

nd|f{jmsn

GJDSMJP ^JDA \F[KFD\VM

Sfojmnd mvj|mj{jm|f{ jgjond~j

Sfojmnd ojd/ojlf'j{|nhncnjg

JGJO)GJDSMJP

JGJON

OJDVSNJ'

KVLJ^J

OJDVSNJ ( GNDAMVDAJDD^J

Ljgjo ofopf{|jejdmjd enlvp ln lvdnj' ojdvsnjkf{nd|f{jmsn lfdajd gndamvdajdd~j

Fmisns|fo 2 evkvdajd sjgnda ofopfdaj{ven jd|j{jojmegvm enlvp lfdajd gndamvdajdd~j


2/8

3);1);0:

FMISNS\FOJ|jv Gjdsmjp KNI\NM - JKNI\NM

Gndamvdajd kni|nm2 Miopidfd enlvp

Onsjg2 efqjd' |vokvejd

Gndamvdajd jkni|nm2 miopidfd |jm enlvp

Onsjg2 jn{' |jdje' kj|v' vlj{j' nmgno

Gnhf svppi{| s~s|fos sfovj hvdasn/hvdasn pjlj jgjo~jda ej{vs lnbjaj mfkf{gjdbv|jdd~j vd|vm ofdvdbjdamfenlvpjd ojdvsnj ljd ojegvm enlvp gjndd~j

Cid|ie hvdasn)p{isfs hi|isnd|fsns' fxjpi|{jdspn{jsn'{fspn{jsn' isoisns' imsnljsn' hf{ofd|jsn' lfmiopisnsn' lgg

Mfgjdasvdajd mfenlvpjd %ojdvsnj. sjdaj| |f{ajd|vdapjlj p{isfs/p{isfs |sk$

JGJO sfcj{j fmigians |f{ln{n lj{n miopidfd; ~jdaofopfdaj{ven mfenlvpjd2

/ Gf|jm afia{jhns / Jn{

/ Mfpvgjvjd' lj{j|jd gvjs / Vlj{j

/ Nmgno / Gjdlhi{o' jg|n|vlf/ \jdje / Xfaf|jsn' sj|qj

P{isfs/p{isfs ln jgjo |f{bjln ljgjo vdn|/vdn|fmigians' sjgnda |f{mjn| |nljm ljpj| ln pfcje;)lnkj|jsn %onsjg kf{ljsj{mjd kj|js jlondns|{j|nh.

ej{vs ofdbjln pf{ej|njd pfd|nda kjan pj{jpgjddf{ ljd pfdfd|v mfknbjmjd %Pfolj.

Ljgjo mjbnjd spj|njg fmigians sf{nda lnavdjmjdkj|js Ljf{je Jgn{jd Svdajn %evgv' |fdaje' engn{.

qj|f{sefl){nxf{ kjsnd)qj|f{ l{jndjaf

Pf{fdcjdj svokf{lj~j jgjo)gjejd)gjdsmjp

qjbnk ofojejon ljd ofdbjaj mfgfs|j{njd

sns|fo/sns|fo jgjon)fmigians ~jda ofgndlvdanmfsfej|jd ljd mfd~jojdjd %qfgg kfnda.ojdvsnj

\npf Pfdafgigjjd Gjdsmjp

P{fsf{xjsn2 pf{gndlvdajd vd|vm gjdsmjp ~jda

pjgnda sfdsn|nh)m{n|ns

Midsf{xjsn' pfdaavdjjd |f{kj|js2 pf{gndlvdajd

j{fj)gjdsmjp pfd~jdaaj %p{i|fc|nxf svpi{| j{fjs.

Pfdafokjdajd gfss c{n|ncjg j{fjs' lfdajd |nljm

ofokjej~jmjd gndamvdajd

Pfdafokjdajd kf{kjajn bfdns gjdl vsf vd|vm

ofqvbvlmjd evkvdajd |f{kjnm jd|j{ ojdvsnj'

jd|j{j ojdvsnj lfdajd jgjo' sf{|j jd|j{j

ojdvsnj lfdajd \vejdd~j

Ev|jd Gndlvda \fgjaj

Qj{dj p{fsf{xj|nidj{fj' ofgndlvdan |j|jjn{ ljd |j|j |jdje ~jda{fd|jd' ljd sjdaj|kf{pfdaj{ve pjljljf{je ln kjqjed~j=

Pf{gv mf ej|n/ej|njd bnmjlnbjlnmjd ev|jd qnsj|j$

Lfhi{fs|j|nid ~jdaofd~fkjkmjd kjdbn{kjdljda ln lfmj|\jojd Djsnidjg Gi{fGndlv' Svgjqfsn\fdaje %Lfs ;003.


3/8

3);1);0:

[fejkngn|jsn gjdsmjpev|jd ojda{ixf

\jdje Gi| |f{bjln mj{fdj p{isfs jk{jsn pjd|jn' pv{j ndnlngndlvdan lfdajd cj{j pfokvj|jd pfofcje afgiokjda

Hjm|i{/hjm|i{ jgjon bvaj sjdaj| ofopfdaj{ven

mj{~j j{sn|fm|v{ gjdsmjp |j|j {vjda' |j|j gf|jm

fgfofd' lfsjnd fgfofd' ljd pfongnejd kjejd

mfjojdjd' mfd~jojdjd ljd mfjqf|jd

HJM\I[/HJM\I[ JGJON

nmgno %sndj{ oj|jej{n' svev' cv{je evbjd'

mfgfokjkjd' jdand. ojm{i ljd onm{i

|jdje

jn{ %|f{ojsvm kfd|vm kjljd jn{2 svdajn' ljdjv.

|ipia{jhn svokf{ lj~j jgjo %kj|v' mj~v' pfojdljdajd.

Gfafdl

Hi{fs|

Pgjd|j|nid

Hi{fs| aj{lfd

Vpgjdl hnfgl

Pjll~ hnfgl

[fsnlfd|njg j{fj

0

:0mo

D

Cnjdbv{ Cn|~

O|$ Aflf

Cid|ie \j|javdj Gjejd Pjlj LJS Cnjdbv{%Svokf{2 Ej{jsendj' \jmfvcen' \svdfmjqj ( J{nhnd' ;00;.

Lns|jdcf %mo.

Hnav{f ih gjdlvsf p{ihngf ih s|vl~ sn|fs nd Cnjdbv{ Qj|f{sefl' Qfs| Bjxj' Ndlidfsnj

Fgfxjsn %o.

3000

;000

: 0 0 0

0

\D Aflf

Pjda{jdai

R$Pfd~jdaaj \DAP'

ev|jd |jdjojd ljd

pf{mfkvdjd |fe

Lfsj Ajgvl{j)Evgv

Lfsj Ojdavdmf{|j)\fdaje

Mfc$ Cvafvdjda' Mi|j Cnjdbv{'

Mfc$ Mj{jda \fdaje

Lfsj Sfgjbjokf)Engn{

o id|jdj

jgndf

ev|jd ev bjd

pf{mfkvdjd |fe

|jgvd kjo kv

|jgvd kjo kv

fmj{jdajd ( migjo mfcng' j~jo' sjpn' liokj ( m fgndcn

|fajgjd sj~v{jd lj|j{jd |ndaan

|fajgjd sj~v{jdlj|j{jd |ndaan

sjq je kf{|f{js

fmj{jdajd ' migjo nmjd' j~jo ' mjoknda

mfkvd cjopv{jd

|fajgjd pjgjqnbj

mfkvd cjopv{jd

fmj{jdajd ' migjo '

j~jo' kfkfm'

mjo knda' mf{kjv

migjo nmjd

sjq je kf{n{najsn

:0 ;0 30

P{ihng gjdsmjp lj{n evgv/|fdaje/engn{ ln LJS Cnjdbv{ %J{nhnd'ES ;00:.

Bj{jm %mo.

Oisjnm gjdsmjp ljd pfdv|vpjd|jdjojd ln LJS Cnjdbv{


4/8

3);1);0:

Engn{

\fdaje Evgv

\f{{jndtPigj GjdsmjpSjqje2

Oivd|jndfivs

Engg~

Vdlvgj|nda / hgj|

/

/ :

2

/;

Ajokj{ P{ihng Pieid ljd Pf{lv ln Pfmj{jdajd \{jlnsnidjg %Pieid' Pf{lv ljd Ef{kj ~jda Gfkne

Pfdlfm ljd Kf{jlj ln Kfgjmjda P{ihng ndn \nljm \f{ajokj{.

\ndaan %of|f{.

;6

;0

:6

:0

6

j

c

l

f

j

f

h

f

a

l e

n

n

n

b co

c

o

d

i

c

a

|

z

a

v

{

{

{

s

c

a a

x

0

Pigj pfmj{jdajd' |jojd{voje |{ipns lnpf{lfsjjd$ Ofojlvmjd

mf{jajojd xf{|nmjg%ofdamidlnsnmjd nmgnoonm{i gfkne kjnm. (mf{jajojd ei{nrid|jg%pfdaj{ve kvlj~j.

Mfkvd |fe Avdvda Ojs Mfsfsvjnjd |jdjojd lfdajdjg|n|vlf %mf|ndaanjd |fopj|.

Lfgidnu {fanj

Pf{kfljjd Nmgno

Pfdaj{ve ovsno

Pigj |jojd {voje oilf{fdkf{kflj pigj pfmj{jdajdpf{lfsjjd mj{fdjpf{afsf{jd gvjs gjejd'

kvlj~j' ljd |fmdigian


5/8

3);1);0:

Kjdavdjd ljd |jojd |{ipns~jda fmigians lfsjnd (

s|{vm|v{

\jojd \{ipns

\jojd pjlj pigj {voje xf{|nmjg

S|{vm|v{ kjejd pjlj fgfofdgjdsmjp lnsfsvjnmjd

lfdajd midlnsn fmigians

JSPFM KVLJ^J

Ojdvsnj ofdaigje

ofdavkje ljdofojdhjj|mjd gjdsmjp sfsvjn mfkv|vejdd~j%dffls ( qjd|s.

Ejsng pf{vkjejd gjdsmjp lnpfdaj{ven2

/ pf{sfpsn)pfdaf|jevjd |f{ejljp midlnsn)

snhj| gjdsmjp j|jv svokf{lj~j

/ kvlj~j mfgiopim ojs~j{jmj|

/ |fmdigian ~jda lnmvjsjn)|f{sflnj

/ fmidion

/ jspfm gfajg


6/8

3);1);0:

Mf|f{jdajd {voje |{jlnsnidjg %Qnbj~j' ;00;.2:$ Ejgjojd v|joj 1$ Ljpv{;$ Kjdavdjd svcn mfgvj{aj 5$ Gvokvda pjln3$ Kjgjn |nlv{ v|joj >$ Mjdljda |f{djm


7/8

3);1);0:

Kvlj~j ojs~j{jmj| tgjdsmjp svdajn

s|{np lfxfgipofd|

Gjdsmjp Ndlvs|{nPf{|jokjdajd \fokjaj[i{is' Di{qfanj

Ojcjo/ojcjo pigj |jojd

Xfaf|jsn lngjdsmjp

pf{mi|jjd

Pfdaj{ve agikjg pjlj pigjpf{ovmnojd


8/8

3);1);0:

Pfdaj{ve fmidion ljdmfknbjmjd pjlj |jopngjdgjdsmjp

Pf{jd jspfm kvlj~j ljgjopfmf{bjjd J{sn|fm|v{ Gjdsmjp

Svokf{ nlf)ndspn{jsn lfsjndPf{|nokjdajd jaj{ lfsjnd)pf{fdcjdjjd

sfsvjn kvlj~j ojs~j{jmj| |jpjm)gjdsmjpljpj| kf{hvdasn fhfm|nh

Ofokf{nmjd xjgvf ih spjcf gjdsmjp ~jdaofopvd~jn nlfd|n|js ofdfd|vmjd mvjgn|js

lfsjnd' p{nlf ljd sfdsf ih kfgidandakjanojs~j{jmj|

Nlfd|n|js ljd dngjn

gjdsmjp

Jpgnmjsn jspfm fmigians ljd kvlj~jPf{|nokjdajd jspfm fmigians ljd kvlj~j' sf{|j

jspfm gjndd~j %fmidion' sisnjg' pign|nm'|fmdns)mfp{jm|nsjd' lgg. |nljm ljpj| kf{ln{n sfdln{n'djovd |f{nd|fa{jsn ljgjo ofdaejsngmjd svj|vmj{~j gjdsmjp kjnm kf{vpj pf{fdcjdjjd'pf{jdcjdajd ojvpvd pfdafgigjjd

Pfgjmv pfmf{bjjd gjdsmjp qjbnk ofdav|jojmjdmfsfgjoj|jd ljd mfd~jojdjd vsf{ ljdojs~j{jmj| gvjs' sf{|j ofdbjaj mfkf{gjdbv|jdgndamvdajd)sns|fo fmigians

Pf{|nokjdajd jspfm fmigians ljd kvlj~jofdfd|vmjd mfkf{ejsngjd mj{~j gjdsmjp sfsvjn lfdajd midlnsn jgjon ljd kvlj~j sf{|jmfndandjd ojs~j{jmj|

\f{nojmjsne

basic la lecture 03 ecology & culture

Documents