basic hydraulics: solids transport. what is sediment? matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid...
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Basic Hydraulics: Solids Transport
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What is sediment?
• Matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid
• Matter transported by water or wind• May be particles that are derived from
rocks, biological materials, or chemical precipitates
• Highway sediments may be a mix of materials, including pavement dust, natural soils, vehicle rust particles, tire dust particles.
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Soil erosion (scour)
• Caused by impact and dislodgment of individual soil particles by rain drop impact.
• Caused by flow of water over soil surfaces.
• Caused by movement of water in channel systems.
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Erosion and transport mechanisms
• Rill and sheet erosion
• Gully erosion• Bed and bank
erosion• Suspended material
transport• Bed material
transport• Wash load transport
Rill erosion progressing to gullies
Australian Dept. of Environment
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Suspended material transport
• Channels accumulate sediment from sheet/rill and gully erosion
• Lighter sediment carried as suspended material
• Heavier materials settle to bottom, added to material eroded from banks and bed
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Bed material transport
• Stream bed load is part of total sediment load that moves along bottom of channel
• Sediment particles roll, bounce, or slide along bottom
• When stream has ability to re-suspend, some of particles will move
• When it loses ability to carry particles in suspension, they will drop out again
• Depends on local stream velocity and settling velocity of individual particles
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Wash material transport
• Material that tends to flow through a reach without significant interaction with the bed
• Material is usually coarse sand, smaller in size
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Solids transport – bed & suspended load• El Paso District
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Solids transport – bed & suspended load• Terrell County
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Solids transport – debris• Also have bouyant solids (debris) in the
flow