basic heamatology
TRANSCRIPT
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HEAMATOLOGY SERVICE
TRAINING
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Version: 1.3, Update Date: 2008-2-1
Blood sample consists of two parts.
Blood LeukocyteBlood Cell Erythrocyte Platelet
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There are three kinds of blood cells.
Leukocyte Erythrocyte Platelet
Size: 30-400fl 30-150fl 2-25fl
Amount: 4-10X109
/L 3.5-5.5X1012
/L 100-300X109
/L
Blood CellBlood Leukocyte Erythrocyte Platelet
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GranulocyteWBC
LeukocyteBlood Blood Cell Erythrocyte Platelet
Defend the body
against infectious
disease and foreign
materials
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Neutrophilic GranulocyteMid-sized CellLymphocyte
LeukocyteBlood Blood Cell Erythrocyte Platelet
Baso Mono EosinoLymphNeutro
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The function of RBC is almost completed by hemoglobin (HGB).
ErythrocyteBlood Blood Cell Leukocyte Platelet
Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Redbloodcells.jpg -
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PlateletBlood Blood Cell Leukocyte Erythrocyte
Coagulation or clotting
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WBC, RBC and PLT are counted and sorted by the Electrical Impedance
Method, just Coulter Principle. This method is based on the measurement
of changes in electrical impedance produced by a particle passing through
an aperture.
Volumetric MeteringColorimetric MethodElectrical Impedance
Method
Reagents
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1.2 Principle
Volumetric Metering Colorimetric MethodElectrical ImpedanceMethod
Reagents
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1.2 Principle
Volumetric Metering Colorimetric MethodElectrical ImpedanceMethod
Reagents
The amplitude of each pulse is proportional to the size of each blood cell.
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1blood cell ofSame size, go throughthe aperture by constant speed.
2blood cell ofSame size, go throughthe aperture by variable speed.
3blood cell ofdifferent size, gothrough the aperture by variable speed.
Volumetric Metering Colorimetric MethodElectrical ImpedanceMethod
Reagents
Pulse Graph
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1.2 Principle
Volumetric Metering Colorimetric Method
Electrical Impedance
Method Reagents
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From Pulse Graph to Histogram
Volumetric Metering Colorimetric MethodElectrical ImpedanceMethod
Reagents
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1.2 Principle
Volumetric Metering Colorimetric Method
Electrical Impedance
Method Reagents
From Pulse Graph to Histogram
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This analyzer uses a volumetric metering unit to control the count cycle and
to ensure that a precise volume of sample is analyzed.
Lower sensor
Upper sensor
1 Empty when start 2 Liquid surface fall down through thevolumeritc tube
3 Counting start when theliquid surface pass the uppersensor.
4 Counting end when the liquidsurface pass the lower sensor
Lower sensor
Upper sensor
Lower sensor
Upper sensor
Lower sensor
Upper sensor
Volumetric Metering
Electrical Impedance
Method
Colorimetric Method Reagents
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LAMBER BEER LAW-
Consantration is directly praportional to Abs.
HGB is determined by the colorimetric method.
Lyse will release HGB when RBC was broken down and react with HGB to
generate a mixture for HGB measurement.
The mixture has the biggest absorbance at 540nm.
I0 It
L
Colorimetric MethodElectrical ImpedanceMethod Volumetric Metering Reagents
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Light
source
Absorbing
container
Detector Signal processing
Display
Colorimetric Method
Electrical Impedance
Method
Volumetric Metering Reagents
LED light Bath Photo sensor
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Reagents are one part of the system.
Lyse
Break down RBC;
Release HGB and react with HGB to generate a mixture for HGB
measurement;Help the differential of WBC.
Diluent
Dilute the blood sample;
Provide a conductive environment for counting and an environment whichis similar to the plasma to maintain the size of blood cell;
Clean the tube and bath.
ReagentsColorimetric MethodElectrical Impedance
Method Volumetric Metering
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Rinse
Clean the bath and metering tube.
E-Z cleanser
An enzyme-based cleaning solution used to clean the tube and bath.
Probe cleanser
An alkaline cleaning solution used to clean the tube and bath.
ReagentsColorimetric MethodElectrical Impedance
Method Volumetric Metering
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Lymph Mid Neutro(BasoMonoEosino)
WBC 1 2 3 4
[fL]
Fluctuating
Discriminator
1 30~85fL
2, 3 85~125fL
Fixed Discriminator
4 400fL
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No differential result because the WBC histogram is over-
narrowly compressed.
No differential result
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No differential result because WBC count result is less
than a certain value (WBC < 0.5)
No differential result
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No differential result because the peak of WBC histogramlies in the middle of the histogram and thus cannot identify
the type of peak cells
No differential result
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Increased nucleated erythrocytesor interference or inadequate lyse
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Thank you!