basic grammar 15 (1)

7/23/2019 Basic Grammar 15 (1)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-grammar-15-1 1/56

1

ENGLISH METHOD

B SIC GR MM R

STUDENT: ________________________

SCHEDULE: M T W TH F SA SU ________________________

SIGNATURE: ______________________



2

INTRODUCCIÓN AL MÉTODO “BASIC GRAMMAR” El inglés es una sencilla lengua que se acompaña de auxiliares y algunas

reglas. “BASIC GRAMMAR” tiene el propósito de que una persona aprenda

tiempos gramaticales con la finalidad de expresarse.

Las 4 habilidades que se desean obtener de un idioma, en orden de

importancia son: HABLAR, ESCUCHAR, LEER Y ESCRIBIR. Este método logra el desarrollo de las mismas de la siguiente manera:

PROCESO

I. TIEMPO GRAMATICAL: Inicialmente se tiene una exposición contextual

del tiempo. A continuación se presenta como se conjuga con todos los

pronombres en las 3 formas (Afirmativa, negativa e interrogativa).

II. READING: El participante lee la conjugación en voz alta, de esta manera

se corrige pronunciación y entonación. Se incluyen lecturas que facilitan el

aprendizaje de palabras y frases.

III. WRITING: Posteriormente se solicita que el estudiante escriba ejemplos

de la vida cotidiana como del trabajo, la escuela, la familia, etc. De este modo la

persona asocia la clase con situaciones reales por lo tanto adquiere un

aprendizaje significativo.

IV. SPEAKING: La siguiente habilidad es hablar y expresarse. Para ello se

incluyen preguntas que facilitan la conversación. Además se solicita la escritura

de las respuestas para que el aprendiz pueda desarrollar la escritura también en

este momento.

V. LISTENING: Semanalmente se programan ejercicios de audición tales

como conversaciones, videos, películas y canciones que se emplean con

objetivos específicos del tema para que el estudiante entienda la forma en que seusan los tiempos, las expresiones y las palabras.

OBJETIVOS

1. Comprender los más importantes tiempos gramaticales.

2. Desarrollo de las cuatro habilidades.

3. Sostener una conversación con correcta pronunciación y entonación.



3

INTRODUCTION TO METHOD: “BASIC GRAMMAR”

English is a simple language that is formed with auxiliaries and some rules.

“BASIC GRAMMAR” has the purpose that one person learns grammar to

express.

Four abilities are wished in a language, in importance order: SPEAKING,

LISTENING, READING and WRITING. This method achieves the development

of them as this:

PROCESS

I. GRAMMAR TENSE: Initially the student has contextual explanation of the

tense and next it is presented the way it is conjugated in three forms (Affirmative,

negative and interrogative).

II. READING: The student reads the conjugation of the pronouns a loud; theteacher will correct pronunciation and intonation. Readings that facilitate the

learning of words and phrases are included.

III. WRITING: Next, it is asked the student to write dairy life examples as from

work, home, family life, etc. This way the person associates the class with real

situations so he gets a meaningful learning.

IV. SPEAKING: The next skill is speaking and expressing. For that, they are

included some questions that allow to converse. Besides it is requested to write

the answers for the learner to develop the writing in this moment also.

V. LISTENING: Listening exercises are programmed weekly as conversations,

videos, movies and songs. They are used with specific objectives according to the

grammar tense. They work for the person to understand the way the tenses, the

expressions and the words are used.

GOALS

1. To understand the most important grammar tenses.

2. To develop the four skills.

3. To hold a conversation with correct pronunciation and intonation.



4

INDEXPresent of verb to be………...….5

Past of verb to be…………....…..8

Present continuous……..……...13

Past continuous…………..........15

Idiomatic future “Going to”.....…17

Idiomatic past.………..…..........19

Simple present….………….…..21

Future……………….…....……..25

Future continuous………….…..27

Simple past………………..…....28

Past participle…...……………...33

Past perfect…………….............38

Past participle continuous.........39

Future perfect………………......41

Kinds of adjectives……………..42

Comparatives……..…………….43

Superlatives….……………........47

Exam…………..………….….....49

Regular verbs…………………..50

Irregular verbs…………….........51

Table of English tenses…….....54

References……………………...56



5

PRESENT OF VERB TO BE: Affirmative sentences

Verb to be has two meanings inSpanish: ser o estar. It is followed by:an adjective : She’s busy in the + place: He’s in the garage a + job: He’s an accountant

Conjugation

Long form Contracted form

I am happy today

You are sad now

He is there with me

She is beautiful

It is a new toy

We are in the office

You are in the house

They are in the room

I’m happy today

You’re sad now

He’s there with me

She’s beautiful

It’s a new toy

We’re in the office

You’re in the house

They’re in the room

Complete the chart with verb to be

Adjectives: tall, tired,nervous, pretty, small,sick, busy, nice

Places: garden, yard, field,spa, kitchen, classroom,shop, zoo, hotel

Jobs: engineer, chemist, lawyesinger, students, employeesgardeners

I

You

Henry

Sharon

The fish

My brother and me

You

The doctors

The nurses

I

You

Adam

Tina

The rat

We

You

My friends

My parents

I

You

Alex

Sandy

____

We

You

The women

The men



6

PRESENT OF VERB TO BE: Negative sentencesLong form Contracted forms Conjugation

I am not

You are not

He is not

She is not

It is not

We are not

You are not

They are not

I’m not

You’re not

He’s not

She’s not

It’s not

We’re not

You’re not

They’re not

You aren’t

He isn’t

She isn’t

It isn’t

We aren’t

You aren’t

They aren’t

I am not in the church

You are not in the movies

He is not my brother

She is not my sister

It is not old

We are not in the library

You are not shy

They are not here

Write N. sentences

I

You

The boy

The girl

My cat

My friends and I

You

The ducks

Interrogative sentences Write questions with all the pronouns

Am I intelligent?

Are you angry?

Is he fat?

Is she pretty?

Is it boring?

Are we tired?

Are you in the city?

Are they in the school?

Am I

Are you

Is he

Is she

Is it

Are we

Are you

Are they



7

Use Wh-words to make questionswith verb to be

Write questions with Wh- words

What is your favorite dish?

Who is your best friend?

Where is he from?

Where are your toys? Why are you angry?

Why are they happy?

How is the weather?

What

What

Who

WhereWhy

When

How

Short answers with present of verb to be

Q: Are you an architect? A: Yes I am. / No I am not.Q: Is your father a doctor? A: Yes he is. / No he isn’t.

Q: Is Betty a secretary? A: Yes she is. / No she isn’t. Q: Are we students? A: Yes we are. / No we aren’t. Q: Are they married? A: Yes they are. / No they aren’t.

Write 5 questions with short answers with present of verb to be

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.Game: Guess the famous one: Make questions trying to guess theperson the other one is thinking in. Use present of verb to be. Example:

Q: Is a man or a woman? A: A man.

Q: Is he American? A: Yes he is.

Q: Is he a singer? A: No he isn’t.

Q: Is he a soccer player? A: No he isn’t.

Q: Is he an actor? A: Yes he is.

Q: Is he married? A: No he isn’t.

Q: Is he young? A: No he isn’t.

Q: Is he tall? A: Yes he is.

Q: Is he attractive? A: Yes he is.

Q: Is he Leonardo Di carpio? A: Yes he is! You guessed!



8

PAST OF VERB TO BE

Past of verb to be has twomeanings in Spanish: fue oestuvo. It is followed by:

an adjective

a + profession or job

the + place

Affirmative sentences

I was in the mall

You were strong

He was in the store

She was in the bus

It was fast

We were excited

You were bored

They were famous

Complete with past of verb to be

Adjectives: responsible

glad, punctual, , shy,young, funny, proud, dirty

Places: bathroom, pool,

market, library, boulevard,airport, stadium, park

Jobs: trainer, pilot, cop,

hairdresser, painters,plumbers, carpenters

I

You

Charlie

Ellen

The classroom

My Sister and me

You

The children

The classrooms

I

You

Alan

Jenny

The school

My teacher and me

You

The kids

The girls

I

You

Jake

Rachel

_____

We

You

They

______



9

PAST OF VERB TO BE: Negative sentences

Long form Contracted form Write N. sentences

I was not in the cinema

You were not in the car

He was not in the room

She was not friendly

It was not mine

We were not there

You were not hungry

They were not thirsty

I wasn’t in the cinema

You weren’t in the car

He wasn’t in the room

She wasn’t friendly

It wasn’t mine

We weren’t there

You weren’t hungry

They weren’t thirsty

I

You

Tom

Angela

The dog

My sister and me

You

The teachers

The bicycles

Interrogative sentences Write questions

Was I busy?

Were you angry?

Was he strong?

Was she pretty?

Was it new?

Were we hungry?

Were you in the park?

Were they in the taxi?

Was I

Were you

Was he

Was she

Was it

Were we

Were you

Were they

Use Wh-words to make questions Write questions with Wh- words

Who were in the party?

When was the game?

How was the class?

What was the idea?

Why were you in the library?

When was the accident?

What

Who

Where

Why

How

When



10

READING IN PAST OF VERB TO BE: ELVIS PRESLEY: THE KING OF ROCK AND ROLL

When he was 13, his mother bought him a guitar. (Elvis wanted a bicycle, but itwas too expensive) In the same year, Elvis, and his family left Mississippi. Theymoved to Memphis, Tennessee.

One day in 1954 he went to a recording studio called “Sun records”. He wantedto make a record for his mother’s birthday. The secretary at the studio, MarionKeisker, heard Elvis and she told her boss, Sam Phillips.

Elvis was Sam Phillips’ dream “a white boy with a black voice”. Phillips becameElvis’ manager, and Elvis made his first single, “That’s all right, mama”. When disc

jockeys played it on the radio stations, American teenagers went wild. Many American parents didn’t like Elvis; they said he was too sexy.

In 1955, Elvis appeared on TV in New York. The following year he went to

Hollywood, California and made his first film, “Love me tender”. In the next two yearshe had many hit records –Blue suede shoes, Heartbreak hotel, All shook upJailhouse rock and Teddy bear.

In 1958, Elvis joined the army and went to Germany. When he returned to theUnited States in the early 1960’s popular music was not the same. British groupslike the Beatles and the Rolling Stones were the new stars.

Elvis was a millionaire, but he was a very lonely man. In his last years he becamefat and depressed. He died of a heart attack on August 16th 1977 at his mansion in

Graceland Memphis.

But for his millions of fans, Elvis is still the king. One fan, Shane Lyons, has morethan 250 albums and videos of all his films. “Man, he was great”, says Shane.“Elvis could really sing, not like today singers all with their electronic machines. Hewas the king of rock and roll.

ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

1. Where was Elvis Presley born?2. When was Elvis Presley born?3. What happened when Elvis was 13 years old?

4. What happened in 1954?5. Why was Elvis a dream?6. Why many American parents didn’t like Elvis? 7. What happened in 1955?8. What happened in 1958?9. Elvis was a millionaire but what was his problem?10. How did Elvis die?

Elvis Presley came from a very poor family. He was born oJanuary 8th in 1935 in Tupelo Mississippi. Elvis loved music. Hwent to church every Sunday and sang in the choir.



11

READING IN PAST OF VERB TO BE: JOHN LENNON: A LEGEND

In 1956, he met, Paul McCartney, and Paul introduced him to George Harrison in1958. In 1960, the “Silver Beatles” made their first international trip – To Germany –with Pete Best as drummer. Later they became The Beatles and Ringo Star becamethe drummer.

John married Cynthia Powell in August 1962 and their son, Julian, was born on April 8th 1963. By now The Beatles were famous. Their fir st single, “love me do”reached # 17 on the charts and their first LP, “please, please me” which theyrecorded in 16 hours was the #1 LP for six months. Their next eleven hits alreached Number 1 on the pop music charts and The Beatles, led by John and Paubecame a pop legend.

Apart from composing, recording and giving concerts, John made five movies

including four with the other Beatles. He also wrote two books and had artexhibitions, especially after meeting Yoko Ono in 1966.

The Beatles made their last world tour in 1966 and they played together for the lasttime on January 30th, 1969. One reason for the breakup was that John becamemore and more involved with Yoko Ono. As he did this, his musical interestschanged and he also became interested in other activities. John and Yoko gotmarried on March 20th, 1969 and they moved to New York in 1971. John continuedto write songs, such as “Imagine”. His son, Sean, was born on October 9th, 1975and John left public life. He became a “househusband” looking after his son. One

day, his son saw a movie and was very surprised. “Were you a Beatle, Dad?” heasked his father!

In 1980, John began writing again. In three weeks, he and Yoko wrote 25 songswhich they recorded in an album called “Double Fantasy”. A new life was beginning.But later that year, on December 8 th 1980, a young man who was a fanatical admirerof John Lennon shot and killed him outside the building where he lived in New YorkCity.

ANSEWER THE QUESTIONS

1. Where was John Lennon born?

2. When was John Lennon born?

3. How was he as a boy?

4. Who were the Beatles?

5. Was John Lennon married?

6. What was the Beatles’ first single?

7. What was the Beatles’ first album?

8. What was the reason for theBeatles’ breakup?

9. How did John Lennon die?

John Lennon was born in Liverpool, England on October 9th, 1940.

As a boy, he was artistic and intelligent but he was always a rebel.



12

CONVERSATION USING PAST OF VERB TO BE

1. Who was your best friend in primary, secondary, high school?

2. Who was John Lennon?

3. Who was Pedro Infante?

4. Who was Selena?

5. Who was Nelson Mandela? 18 July 1918 – 5 December 2013) was a South African anti-apartheid

revolutionary, politician, and philanthropist who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was South Africa'sfirst black chief executive, and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election. His government focused on

dismantling the legacy of apartheid through tackling institutionalised racism, poverty and inequality, and fostering racialreconciliation. Politically an African nationalist and democratic socialist, he served as President of the African National

Congress (ANC) from 1991 to 1997. Internationally, Mandela was Secretary General of the Non-Aligned Movement from 1998

to 1999.

5. Who was Marilyn Monroe?

6. Who was Elvis Presley?

10. Who was Michael Jackson? Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) was an

American singer-songwriter, dancer, businessman, and philanthropist. Often referred to by the honorific nickname "King

of Pop", M.J was born on August 29, 1958, in Gary, Indiana. He was the eighth of ten children in an African-Americanworking-class family who lived in a 3-room house in Gary, an industrial city near Chicago. His mother, Katherine EstheScruse, was a devout Jehovah's Witness, and his father, Joseph Walter "Joe" Jackson, was a steel mill worker whoperformed with an R&B band called The Falcons. Jackson had three sisters: Rebbie, La Toya, and Janet, and fivebrothers: Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, Marlon, and Randy. A sixth brother, Brandon, who was a twin of older brother Marlon,died shortly after birth. His contributions to music, dance, and fashion, along with his publicized personal life, made hima global figure in popular culture for over four decades.

11. Who was Albert Einstein? 14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical

physicist who developed the general theory of relativity. Best known for his mass –energy equivalence formula E =mc2.

12. Who was Leonardo Da Vinci? April 15, 1452 – May 2, 1519, Old Style) was an ItalianRenaissance polymath: painter, sculptor, architect, musician, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist,geologist, cartographer, botanist, and writer.

13. Who was John Paul II? 18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005), was the head of the Catholic Church from 16

October 1978 to his death in 2005. He was the second longest-serving pope in history. He was one of the mosttraveled world leaders in history, visiting 129 countries during his pontificate.

14. Who was Sigmund Freud? ; 6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939) was an Austrian neurologist who

became known as the founding father of psychoanalysis.



13

PRESENT CONTINUOUS Present continuous expresses an actionthat occurs at the moment of speaking.

In this tense use the words: Now, in thimoment, right now, listen! look!

Negative sentences

Long form Contracted forms

I am not swimming

You are not thinking

He is not losing the game

She is not dreaming

It is not sleeping

We are not flying

You are not cutting the tree

They are not driving a car

I’m not swimming

You aren’t thinking

He isn’t losing the game

She isn’t dreaming

It isn’t sleeping

We aren’t flying

You aren’t cutting the tree

They aren’t driving a car

You’re not thinking

He’s not losing the … She’s not dreaming

It’s not sleeping

We’re not flying

You’re not cutting…

They’re not driving…

Write N. sentencesI

You

He

She

It

We

You

They


Long form Contracted form Write A. sentencesI am eating an apple

You are dancing

He is sunbathing

She is writing a letter

It is moving fast

We are listening to her

You are playing with them

They are doing the homework

I’m eating an apple

You’re dancing

He’s reading a book

She’s writing a letter

It’s moving fast

We’re listening to her

You’re playing …

They’re doing the …

I

You

My father

My mother

My pet

We

You

My classmates



14

PRESENT CONTINUOUSInterrogative sentences

Write questions with all the pronouns. Use the verbsdraw, answer, check, go, drink, think, smoke, teach

Am I doing the right thing?

Are you selling a book?

Is he making a cake?

Is she buying a jelly?

Is it jumping?

Are we fighting?

Are you singing?

Are they building a house?

Am

Are

Is

Is

Is

Are

Are

Are

Use Wh-words to make questionswith p. continuous

Write questions with Wh- words

Use the verbs: say, speak, live, eat, work

What is he doing?

Who’s talking?

Where is he working?

Who is speaking?

Why are they fighting?

What

Who

Where

Why

How

What’s happening?

Present continuous practice: Use images and practice present continuous, usethe next questions: What is he doing? = He’s playing with the ball. What are theydoing? They are jumping on the bed. Is he buying? = No he isn’t buying, he’sselling. Is she cooking? = No she isn’t cooking, she’s eating



15

1. Expresses an action going on at a certaintime in the past.

2. The action can be interrupted by anotheaction

3. Use the words: when and while

Affirmative conjugation Write A. sentences

I was washing the dishesYou were cooking a pie

He was buying a cell phone

She was selling in the market

It was jumping high

We were giving the class

You were skating on the street

They were celebrating

IYou

John

Susan

The fly

We

You

My classmates

Negative conjugation


I was not walking on the street

You were not fighting in the car

He was not painting the room

She was not reading in the library

It was not making noises

We were not sweeping the floor

You were not doing the report

They were not dancing in the disco

I wasn’t walking on the street

You weren’t fighting in the car

He wasn’t painting the room

She wasn’t reading in the library

It wasn’t making noises

We weren’t sweeping the floor

You weren’t doing the report

They weren’t dancing in the disco

Write N. sentences

I

You

Ernest

Helen

The school

My classmates and me

You

The students



16

PAST CONTINUOUS

Interrogative conjugation Write questions with all the pronouns.

Was I traveling?

Were you driving?

Was he smiling?

Was she speaking?

Was it running?

Were we opening?

Were you swimming?

Were they drinking?

Was I

Were you

Was he

Was she

Was it

Were we

Were you

Were they

Use Wh-words to make questionswith past continuous.

Write questions with Wh- words [wear,practice, observe, rest, study]

What were you saying?

Who were you calling to?

Why were they discussing?

When were they traveling?

Where were they living?

What

Who

Where

Why

How

Describe your last week-end activities using past continuous, include friends and family

Day Morning Afternoon NightFriday I was answering a test I was eating in a

restaurantI was watching a film

Saturday

Sunday



17

IDIOMATIC FUTURE“GOING TO”

Use this tense to

make plans

Use the words: in

one year, next week,

tomorrow

Affirmative conjugation

Long form Contracted form Write A. sentences

I am going to finish late

You are going to pass the exam

He is going to answer the e mail

She is going to bring cookies

It’s going to be entertaining

We are going to buy new clothes

You are going to pay attention

They are going to be successful

I’m going to …

You’re going to …

He’s going to…

She’s going to…

It’s going to be …

We’re going to …

You’re going to …

They’re going to …

I

You

Alex

Karla

The party

We

You

They

Negative sentences


I am not going to break the rules

You are not going to accept the job

He is not going to start early

She is not going to take vacations

It is not going to start on time

We are not going to arrive on time

You are not going to change the plan

They are not going to think in the solution

I’m not going to break the rules

You aren’t going to accept the job

He’s not going to start early

She’s not going to take vacations

It isn’t going to start on time

We aren’t going to arrive on time

You aren’t going to change the plan

They aren’t going to think in the solution

Write N. sentences

IYouHeShe

We

You

They



18

IDIOMATIC FUTURE

Interrogative conjugation Write questions with all the pronouns

Am I going to prepare the food?

Are you going to play the piano?

Is he going to try the dessert?

Is she going to organize the party?

Is it going to begin at 4?

Are we going to participate in the contest?

Are you going to live in other city?

Are they going to book the room?

Am I

Are you

Is he

Is she

Is it

Are we

Are you

Are they

Use Wh-words to make questions withidiomatic future

Write questions with Wh- words. Use the verbssend, sing, live, sell, pay, charge, arrive,come

How are they going to travel?

When are you going to come back?

What is he going to answer?

Where is she going to go?

Who is going to come?

Why is he going to call?

What

Who

Where

Why

How

What time

ARRANGE THE WORDS TO DO SENTENCES WITH GOING TO

1. going / neighbors / move / to / Our / are / new / to / house / a

2. ask / an / going / explanation / to / Alice / is / for

3. decontaminate / the / are / lake / They / to / going

4. are / watch / Jim / Meg / to / and / going / movie / a

5. telephone / is / She / me / to / going / 5 / at / o’clock

6. Sheila / books / to / going / is / library / buy / some / the / at



19

IDIOMATIC PAST

Affirmative sentences Write A. sentences

I was going to begin the diet yesterday

You were going to tell me the true

He was going to fix the engine

She was going to put the Christmas tree

It was going to be interesting

We were going to take that flight

You were going to use the computer

They were going to solve the problem

I

You

The mechanic

The hairdresser

The hospital

My partner and me

You

The classes

Negative sentences


I was not going to call youYou were not going to ask me

He was not going to explain the topic

She was not going to break the letter

It was not going to be great

We were not going to cancel the work

You were not going to smoke

They were not going to change their behavior

I wasn’t going to call you You weren’t going to ask me

He wasn’t going to begin the lesson

She wasn’t going to break the letter

It wasn’t going to be great

We weren’t going to cancel the work

You weren’t going to smoke

They weren’t going to change their b.

Write N. sentences

I

You

My father

My mother

The eagle

We

You

They



20

IDIOMATIC PAST

Interrogative sentences Use Wh-words to make questions

Was I going to drive the car?

Were you going to catch the ball?

Was he going to arrive soon?

Was she going to choose a new dress?

Was it going to cost a lot of money?

Were we going to cut the cake?

Were we going to borrow a table?

Were they going to accept the present?

What were you going to do?

What was she going to tell me?

What were they going to say?

Why was he going to leave?

When were you going to return?

Who was going to win the game?

Write the interrogative form of all thepronouns

Write questions with Wh- words: stay,burn, believe, rest, practice, pay

Was I

Were you

Was he

Was she

Was it

Were we

Were you

Were they

What

Who

Where

Where

Why

Why

How

How



21

U S E S:1. Simple present expresses an action in

the present taking place once, some,several times or never. Use ADVERBSOF FREQUENCY: ALWAYS,SOMETIMES, NEVER ETC. In thistense: Colin plays soccer regularly.

2. Facts, something is generally known tobe true: The sun gives heat.

3. For actions that take place one afteranother: She takes her bag andleaves.

4. For actions that are set by atimetable or schedule: The classstarts at 9 a.m.

5. For general activities or situations:She works in a shop

6. For verbs expressing states, possession, senses, emotions andmental activity: believe, belong,hate, hear, like, love, mean, prefer,remain, see, smell

7. Add S or ES to the end of the verb when you usethe pronouns He, She, It, Mary, Peter, the cat, etc. in

affirmative form.


In most of the verbs you add S

Run – It runs, Travel – Jenny travels, Win – He wins

Verbs that end in CH, SH, X

Catch –Tony catches, Fish – He fishes,

Fix – My father fixes the car

Verbs that end in CONSONANT AND Y

Fly – The bird flies, Cry – The girl cries

Verb HAVE changes to HAS

She has a brother, Ricky has pets

I go to the mall

You have a dog

He learns English

She paints a house

It runs very fast

We copy the exercises

You read a book

They use the computer

Write A. sentences

I

You

John

Susan

The bird

We

You

They



22

Interrogative sentences: Use

auxiliaries DO AND DOES

Write I. sentences [sound, feel, repair, rent, rain

make, practice]Do I clean the house?

Do you like rock music?

Does he study high school?

Does she work in a shop?

Does it bother to you?

Do we have another chance?

Do you know the answer?

Do they understand the problem?

Do I

Do you

Does he

Does she

Does it

Do we

Do you

Do they

Use Wh words to make questions Write questions with Wh- words. Use the verbs do,have, work, feel, sleep, start, smell, type, learn

What time does she leave home in themorning?What does he do at night?

Where do you go in the afternoon?

Where does he live?

When does the movie start?

How many hours do you work in a day?

How often do you go to the cinema?

Why does he go to be d so late?

What

How many

Where

Why

When

How

SIMPLE PRESENT: Negative sentences: Use auxiliaries DO AND DOES

Long form Contracted form Write sentences

I do not eat desserts

You do not smoke

He does not go to the gym

She does not dance

It does not fly

We do not copy in tests

You do not drink alcohol

They do not go to parties

I don’t eat…

You don’t smoke

He doesn’t go to…

She doesn’t dance

It doesn’t fly

We don’t copy …

You don’t drink …

They don’t go ….

I

You

He

She

It

We

You

They



23

READING IN SIMPLE PRESENT: SLEEP

In a normal life a person sleeps for about twenty five years. But why do we

sleep? The simple answer is we don’t know. We need more sleep when are

young. A baby sleeps for about ten hours every day. A teenager sleeps for about

eight and half hours, and an adult for seven or eight hours. Some people need onlyfive or six hours of sleep a day.

There are two kinds of sleep. When you first go to sleep you go into a deep

sleep. Your temperature falls, your body relaxes and you breathe slowly. After

about half an hour you go into the second kind of sleep. This is called rapid eye

movement sleep (or REM sleep for short) because your eyes move. You dream in

pictures. If you wake up in REM sleep, you can usually remember your dream

Our body spends about twenty minutes in REM sleep and then goes back into deep

sleep for an hour.

Do you ever talk or walk in your sleep? Sleepwalkers do amazing things

They open doors and windows; they ride bicycles and drive cars. They cook; they

take a bath or a shower (often in their pajamas), they shave, they brush their teeth

they get dressed, they work in the yard, and they get into bed with other people.

There are many stories about sleepwalkers. A man in Scotland woke up in

his car two miles from his house. He had no clothes on. A girl from Wales woke

up at five O’ clock in the morning in a Laundromat. She had a shopping bag and

the family’s dog with her.

Sleepwalkers eat asleep, but they have their eyes open and they can see.

They can’t wake up easily. If they do, they can’t remember anything. Do you

ever sleepwalk? Are you sure? Maybe you do, but nobody sees you.



24

CONVERSATION USING SIMPLE PRESENT

1. What time do you wake up, get up?

2. What do you do on weekends?

3. What do you do on vacations?

4. What do you do in your free time?

5. What do you do to stay in shape?

6. What do you do when you’reangry?

7. What do you do to be happy?

HOLIDAYS QUESTIONS8. What do you do in your birthday?

9. What do you do on Valentines?

10. What do you do on child’s day?

11. What do you do on May 5th?

12. What do you do on mother’s day?

13. What do you do on father’s day?

14. What do you do on September 15th?

15. What do you do in Halloween?

16. What do you do the dead people’s day?

17. What do you do in December?

18. What do you do in Christmas?

19. What do you do the end of the year(Dec. 31st)? holiday



25

1. Expresses action in the future

that cannot be influenced: It willrain tomorrow

2. Spontaneous decision: Wait! I will help you!

3. An opinion or hope about the future: He’ll probably come back tomorrow

4. A promise: I won’t arrive late tonight

5. Conditional clauses type I: If I have a dayoff, I will rest

6. Use the words: In a year, next Saturday,tomorrow, in two week's time.

Affirmative sentences: Use Auxiliary WILL

Long form Contracted form Write A. sentences

I will graduate this year

You will do it well

He will go to the party

She will come early

It will run

We will get the job

You will send the e mail

They will cook for us

I’ll graduate this year

You’ll do it well

He’ll go to the party

She’ll come early

It’ll run

We’ll finish the work

You’ll send the e mail

They’ll cook for us

I

You

He

She

It

We

You

They

Negative sentences: Use auxiliary WILL in negative form, or WON’T in negativecontracted form

Long form Contracted form Write N. sentencesI will not visit her

You will not solve it

He will not smoke

She will not tell you

It will not breathe

We will not stop

You will not come

They will not pay it

I won’t visit her

You won’t solve it

He won’t smoke

She won’t tell you

It won’t breathe

We won’t stop

You won’t come

They won’t pay it

I

You

He

She

It

We

You

They



26

SIMPLE FUTUREInterrogative sentences: Use

auxiliary will

Write questions with all the pronouns

Will I have a present?

Will you rent a movie?

Will he translate the document?

Will she pay the tickets?Will it be a good idea?

Will we have a good time?

Will you attend the customers?

Will they get marry?

Will I

Will you

Will he

Will sheWill it

Will we

Will you

Will they

Use WH-words to make questions Write questions with Wh- words. Use the verbs buy,come , bring, begin, be, take, think, know,

What time will she arrive tomorrow?

What will he do at night?

Where will you go in the afternoon?

What will you study?

When will she go to bed?

When will the movie start?

How many hours will you work?

What

Who

Where

Where

Why

Why

How

Write a composition about your plans. Include: School, work, family, friends etc.Use idiomatic future “going to” and simple future (will)

Next year I will…



27

1. Is for an action that is going on at a certain

time in the future

2. The action is sure to happen in the nearfuture 3. Use the words: in one year, next week,tomorrow



I will be earning a lot of moneyYou will be saving time

He will be competing next year

She will be having a lot of work on Monday

It will be finishing soon

We will be graduating in December

You will be losing weight quickly

They will be creating new things

I’ll be earning … You’ll be saving time

He’ll be competing…

She’ll be having …

It’ll be finishing soon

We’ll be graduating in …

You’ll be losing…

They’ll be creating …

Negative sentences


I will not be betting in the race

You will not be improving if you don’t practice

He will not be finishing soon if he doesn’t practice

She will not be fixing the machine

It will not be feeling better laterWe will not be having dinner in a restaurant

You will not be forgetting the answers if you study

They will not be singing in the concert, they’ll do

playback

I won’ be…

You won’t be…

He won’t be…

She won’t be fixing the machine…

It won’t be feeling better later… We won’t be having dinner in a…

You won’t be forgetting the …

They won’t be singing …

Interrogative conjugation Write I. sentences

Will I be laughing in the film?Will you be doing it ok in the test?

Will he be succeeding in his business?Will she be copying the exam?Will it be costing a lot of money?Will we be enjoying this kind of music?Will you be wearing new clothes?Will they be putting a beautiful Christmastree this year?

Will I be ?Will you be ?

Will he be ?Will she be ?Will it be ?Will we be ?Will you be ?Will they be ?



28

1. It expresses an action in the

past taking place once, severalt imes or never: He visi ted h is

parents every week-end .

2. It refers to actions taking place one afteranother: He came in, took off his coat and satdown.

3. It is used in an action taking place in themiddle of another action: When I was havingbreakfast the phone rang.

4. In conditionals type I: If I studied more I

would get better grades.5. Use the words: yesterday, 2 minutes ago,in 1990, the other day, last Friday.

In affirmative form there are 2 kinds of verbs: regular verbs and irregular verbs

REGULAR VERBS END IN ED: answer – answered, fry – fried, play – played

Study the list on page 50

Spelling Rules for Regular verbs1. Add – ed to the base form of most verbs

Start started, finish finished, wash washed

2. Add only –d when the base form ends in an e.Live lived, care cared, die died

3. If the verb ends in a consonant + y, change the y to I and add –edDry dried, carry carried, spy spied

4. If the verb ends in a vowel + y, do not change the y. Just add – ed

Pray prayed, stay stayed, destroy destroyed

5. If the verb has one syllable and ends in a consonant + vowel + consonant(CVC), double the final consonant and add –ed.Stop stopped, rob robbed, beg begged

6. Do not double final w or xSew sewed, mix mixed

7. If the verb has two syllables, and the final syllable is stressed, double the final

consonant. Ad mit’ admitted, oc cur’ o ccurred per mit’ permitted

8. If the verb has two syllables, and the final syllable is not stressed, do not doublethe final consonant.hap’ pen happened lis’ ten listened o’ pen opened



29

IRREGULAR VERBS CHANGE OR KEEP THE SAME FORM: : come – came,

sing – sang, read –read. Study the lists on pages 51,52 and 53

ADVERBS OF PAST

Yesterday / morning/ at noon / afternoon / evening /at night/ Last night / Sunday /week / month / year/ The day before yesterday, three days ago


Regular verbs Irregular verbs

I finished late from work

You answered the mail last week

He failed the exam

She hired new employees

It rained very much last week

We attended the customers yesterday

You checked the information

They wanted to go home

I won the competition in 2012

You sent your résumé to the company

He brought the cake for the party

She wrote that book in 1989

It smelt bad in that room

We understood the lesson

You took vacations last month

They ran the marathon in 2008

Write A. sentences

Regular verbs Irregular verbs

I

You

The engineer

The dancer

The computer

The director and me

You

The mechanics

I

You

The manager

The assistant

The company

The bosses and me

You

The employees



30

SIMPLE PAST Negative sentences: Use auxiliary DID in negative form Long form Contracted form Write N. sentences

I did not sing

You did not draw

He did not speak

She did not eat

It did not move

We did not write

You did not close

They did not wash

I didn’t sing

You didn’t draw

He didn’t speak

She didn’t eat

It didn’t move

We didn’t write

You didn’t close

They didn’t wash

I

You

He

She

It

We

You

They

Interrogative form: Use auxiliaryDID

Write I. sentences

Did I do the homework?

Did you repeat the lesson?

Did he arrive early?

Did she copy in the exam?

Did it start on time?

Did we work yesterday?

Did you come by car?

Did they take a taxi?

Did I

Did you

Did he

Did she

Did it

Did we

Did you

Did they

Use WH-words to make questions Write questions with Wh- words. Use the words buildspeak, practice, wash, charge, change, spend, eat

What time did she arriveyesterday?What did he do before?Where did you live in yourchildhood?When did she graduate?How many hours did you sleep?How much did he earn in thebusiness?How did you feel yesterday?Why did she go on shopping?

What

Who

Where

Where

Why

Why

How many

How much



31

The next verbs are regular and irregular. Change them to simple past

Begin Give Sink

Be Go Sit

Blow Dance Sleep

Break Have Smell

Like Keep SpeakBring Die Spend

Build Enjoy Start

Buy Learn Study

Check Know Swim

Catch Finish Take

Come Leave Talk

Choose Let Tell

Cost Lose Think

Cut Make Travel

Hate Meet Understand

Do Open Wake

Draw Pay Want

Drink Put Wash

Drive Read Wear

Eat Rest Win

Fall Ride Work

Feed Ring Write

Feel Rise Get

Find Run Complain

Fly Say SellCount Scare Send

Decide See Sing



32

CONVERSATION USING SIMPLE PAST

1. What did you do in the morning?

2. What did you do yesterday?

3. What did you do the last weekend?

4. What elementary, middle and highschool did you go to?

5. What university did you go to?

QUESTIONS ABOUT CHILDHOOD

6. What did you do when you were kid?

7. Where did you go when you …?

8. What did you play when you…?

9. Did you collect stamps when …?

10. Did you practice sports when you…?

11. Did you get good grades when…?

12. Did you go on vacations when...?

13. Did you have a pet when you…?

14. Did you have a hobby when you …?

15. Did you participate incompetences?

16. Did you go on picnics when you …?

17. Did you go on camping when you …?

18. Did you use computers when you …?

19. What TV. programs did you watch?

20. What music did you listen to …?

21. What you didn’t like to do when.. ?



33

PAST PARTICIPLE / PRESENT PERFECT 1. This tense refers to an actionthat started in the past and haspermanence in the present.

2. Use the words: already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now, upto now, since, for.

In PAST PARTICIPLE aff irmativ e, negative and in terrog ative sen tences there

are 2 kinds of verbs: regular verbs and irregular verbs.

REGULAR VERBS END IN ED: love – loved, copy – copied, enjoy – enjoyed

STUDY THE LIST ON PAGE 50

IRREGULAR VERBS CHANGE, STUDY THE LISTS ON PAGES 51,52 AND 53

Use auxiliary HAVE with pronouns I, YOU, WE and THEY

Use auxiliary HAS with pronouns HE, SHE and ITUse the auxiliaries in the 3 forms / Change the verbs in the 3 forms

Affirmative sentences with regular verbs


I have worked in many companies

You have traveled to Europe

He has translated the document

She has transferred the moneyIt has rained a lot lately

We have practiced the lesson

You have studied for the exams

They have analyzed the situation

I’ve worked in many companies

You’ve traveled to Europe

He’s translated the document

She’s transferred the money It’s rained a lot lately

We’ve practiced the lesson

You’ve studied for the exams

They’ve analyzed the situation

Write examples with all the pronouns. Use regular verbs

I

You

He

She

It

We

You

They



34

PAST PARTICIPLE / PRESENT PERFECTAffirmative sentences with irregular verbs

Long form Contracted form Write A. sentences, uirregular verbs

I have had much homework

You have gotten a promotion

He has taken the decision

She has said lies

It has been a difficult week

We have told many stories

You have forgotten the answer

They have fought all the time

I’ve had …

You’ve gotten…

He’s taken…

She’s said lies

It’s been a …

We’ve told …

You’ve forgotten...

They’ve fought…

I

You

The director

The receptionist

The enterprise

The employers and I

You

The executives

Negative sentences


I have not slept enough

You have not driven on that street

He has not started to work

She has not worked in that company

It has not ended yet

We have not sent the mails yet

You have not wanted to change

They have not decided yet

I haven’t slept enough

You haven’t driven on that street

He hasn’t started to work

She hasn’t worked in that company

It hasn’t ended yet

We haven’t sent the mails yet

You haven’t wanted to change

They haven’t decided yet

Write N. sentences

I

You

He

She

It

We

You

They



35

PAST PARTICIPLE / PRESENT PERFECT

Interrogative sentences Write questions with all the pronouns

Have I thought well?

Have you gone there?

Has he understood my view?

Has she spent all the money?

Has it won may races?

Have we worn red?

Have you written a letter?

Have they discussed?

Have I

Have you

Has he

Has she

Has it

Have we

Have you

Have they

Use Wh-words to make questions Write questions with Wh- words. Use the verbs oin thelist.

Where have you been? What have you done?

How have you been?

Why have you arrived late this

week?

Who have studied for the quiz?

What has she thought?

WhatWho

Where

Where

Why

Why

How

The next verbs are regular and irregular. Change them to past participle

Begin Give Sink Tell

Be Go Sit Think

Blow Dance Sleep Travel

Break Have Smell Understand

Like Keep Speak Wake

Bring Die Spend Want

Build Enjoy Start Wash

Buy Learn Study Wear

Check Know Swim Win

Catch Finish Take Work

Come Leave Talk Write



36

PAST PARTICIPLE CONVRESATION1. Have you ever met somebodyfamous?

2. Have you ever traveled?

3. Have you ever gone to a concert?

4. Have you ever been in love?

5. Have you ever worked?

6. Have you ever failed a subject?

7. Have you ever organized a party?

8. Have you ever won an award?

9. Have you ever found something?

10. Have you ever made friends online?

11. Have you ever had a boyfriend/girlfriend?

12. Have you ever had a pet?

13. Have you ever lost your keys?

14. Have you ever changed your look?

15. Have you ever won a competence?

16. Have you ever seen a UFO?

17. Have you ever seen a ghost?

18. Have you ever been on a diet?

19. Have you ever eaten in a vegetarian

restaurant?

20. Have you ever had a business?



21. Have you ever lived in other city orcountry?

22. Have you ever bought something

very expensive?

23. Have you ever had anembarrassing situation?

24. Have you ever lived by yourself?

25. Have you ever sung in a karaoke?

26. Have you ever bought on line?

27. Have you ever been in a team?

28. Have you ever had a credit card?

29. Have you ever had private classes?

30. Have you ever written a diary?

31. Have you ever saved money?

32. Have you ever exercised in a gym?

33. Have you ever been in a blind date?

34. Have you ever been on TV?

35. Have you ever had a mobile?



38

PAST PERFECT

Action taking place before a certain time

in the past

Sometimes interchangeable with past

perfect progressive

Putting emphasis only on the fact (notthe duration)

Affirmative sentences Negative sentences

I had found the book

You had been in that city

He had forgotten the answer

She had said the true

It had risen considerably

We had lost the game

You had taken a shower

They had paid the credit card

I hadn’t spent the money

You hadn’t felt the pain

He hadn’t learnt

She hadn’t brought the dessert

It hadn’t been a good idea

We hadn’t received the e mail

You hadn’t sent the information

They hadn’t spoken about it

Interrogative sentencesHad I guessed?

Had you saved the money?

Had he drunk lemonade?

Had she left on time?

Had it destroyed the city?

Had we visited the downtown?

Had you swept the floor?

Had they laughed of the joke?



39

PAST PARTICIPLE CONTINUOUSAffirmative sentences


I have been waiting for you

You have been working hard these days

He has been running for loosing weightShe has been studying hard for the exam

It has been raining much recently

We have been practicing French

You have been doing exercise all days

They have been learning a lot with this method

I’ve been waiting for you

You’ve been working hard…

He’s been running for loosing… She’s been studying hard for the e.

It’s been raining much recently

We’ve been practicing French

You’ve been doing …

They’ve been leaning…

Write examples with all the pronouns

IYou

He

She

ItWe

You

They

Negative sentences

I have not been listening to music in English

You have not been going to the gym

He has not been living in this city

She has not been fighting with her boyfriend

It has not been moving today

We have not been sleeping well

You have not been practicing enough

They have not been traveling this year

I haven’t been listening…

You haven’t been going to the gym

He hasn’t been living in this city

She hasn’t been fighting…

It hasn’t been moving today

We haven’t been sleeping well

You haven’t been reading all night

They haven’t been traveling this year

Write examples with all the pronouns

I

You

He

She

It

We

You

They



40

PAST PARTICIPLE CONTINUOUS

Interrogative sentences Write I. sentences

Have I been learning the lesson?

Have you been analyzing the situation?

Has he been arriving on time?

Has she been checking the answers?

Has it been feeling bad?

Have we been resting enough?

Have you been enjoying the party?

Have they been hiding the true?

Have

Have

Has

Has

Has

Have

Have

Have

CONVERSATION USING PAST PARTICIPLE CONTINUOUS

1. Have you been studying English hard?

2. Have you been traveling this year?

3. Have you been working hard these days?

4. Have you been doing exercise this week?

5. Have you been eating well these days?

6. Have you been listening to music in English?

7. Have you been watching programs in English?

8. Have you been practicing English?

9. Have you been going to parties in this year?



41

FUTURE PERFECT

Expresses an action that will

be f inished at a certain time in the future.

Use the words: by Monday, in a week …



I will have finished the work before timeYou will have had many problemsHe will have studied a lot to pass the examShe will have run to lose weightIt will have been a successWe will have cleaned the house at 9 a.m.

You will have answered correctlyThey will have thought in the situation

I’ll have finished the work before... You’ll have had many problems… He’ll have studied... She’ll have run to lose weightIt’ll have been a success We’ll have cleaned…

You’ll have answered correctly They’ll have thought in the …

Negative sentences


I will not have studied enoughYou will have not admitted the mistakeHe will have not arrived on timeShe will have not arranged the meeting

It will have not been a messWe will have not gone to the partyYou will have not built the bridgeThey will have not believed in god

I won’t have studied enoughYou won’t have admitted the mistake He won’t have arrived on timeShe won’t have arranged the meeting

It won’t haven been a messWe won’t have gone to the partyYou won’t have built the bridgeThey won’t have believed in god

Interrogative sentences

Will I have worked enough?Will you have done the right thing?Will he have wished a miracle?Will she have gotten an award?Will it have advanced?Will we have decided?Will you have spoken about the solution?Will they have told lies?



42

KINDS OF ADJECTIVES

I. ER, EST ADJECTIVES Group 1 + ER/ EST Brighter than, the brightest

Calm Cruel Fast Light Poor Sharp Strong TallCheap Dark Few Long Proud Short Sweet ThickClean Large Fool Loud Quick Sick Smart TightCheap Round Fresh Low Quiet Slow Slim WarmCool Deep Great Narrow Rich Small Soft Weak

Cold Dull Hard New Rough Smooth Sour WildClear Fair High Old Smooth Shallow Stiff Young

Group 2: Double the last consonant + ER/ EST: Bigger than, the biggestmad, fat, sad, flat, thin, glad, wet, hot,

Group 3: Change y to i + ER/ EST: Angrier than, the angriest / uglier than, the uglie

Bossy Dirty Funny Hungry Lucky Pretty SpeedyBusy Dry Greedy Jolly Messy Shiny Spicy

Chubby Early Happy Juicy Moody Shy SunnyCloudy Easy Healthy Lazy Nasty Silly TastyCrazy Foggy Heavy Lonely Naughty Skinny ThirstyCurly Friendly Homely Lovely Noisy Sleepy Tiny

Group 4: + R/ EST: wiser than, the wisest Brave fine large little nice sore wide cute huge late loose safe strange

II. MORE AND MOST ADJECTIVES: More necessary than, the most necessary

Adaptable Creative Exciting Mysterious Romantic Unhappy PopularCareless Casual Dangerous Expensive Immediate Necessary SatisfieCharming Nervous Delicious Impatient Important Aggressive FamousImpressive Classical Different Difficult Fascinating Independent Special

Attractive Colorful Forgetful Polite Comfortable Interesting CommoSuccessful Practical Complete Emotional Intelligent Frustrating BoredValuable Violent Available Complete Complicated Superstitious AmazinGenerous Jealous Enormous Beautiful Convenient Enthusiastic AwfulUnbelievable Musical Ridiculous Helpful Worried Responsible TiredResponsible Worried Excellent Careful Boring Cooperative Modern

Delighted Bored Patient Powerful Handsome Wonderful Reliable

III. IRREGULAR ADJECTIVESBAD – worse than – the worst, GOOD - better than – the bestLITTLE - less than – the least, FAR – farther than, the farthest



COMPARATIVE SENTENCES: As a general division, in English language there are kinds of adjectives: SHORT, LONG AND IRREGULAR ADJECTIVES

SHORT ADJECTIVES:

Hot, young, easy, busy, cheap, clean, cool, dirty, friendly, funny, heavy, large, nice,

old, pretty, safe, short, small, tall ugly, warm, strong, fast, poor, sweet, weak, wild

Add ER to the end of the adjective TO FORM A COMPARATIVE SENTENCE

Big = Bigger than, New = Newer than, Fast = Faster than, Cold = Colder than etc.

EXAMPLES:

Is a house bigger than an apartment? Yes, a house is bigger than an apartment.

No, a house isn’t bigger than an apartment

Write examples using the threeforms

LONG ADJECTIVES

Attractive, beautiful, dangerous, expensive, famous, important, relaxing, stressful

You use MORE to form a comparative sentenceInteresting = more interesting than, Difficult = more difficult than,

Delicious = more delicious than.

EXAMPLES

Is Megan more beautiful than Ann? Yes, Megan is more beautiful than Ann.

No, Megan isn’t more beautiful than Ann.

Write examples using the three

forms



44

IRREGULAR ADJECTIVES

GOOD – BETTER THAN BAD – WORSE THAN LITTLE – LESS THAN

FAR -FARTHER THAN

Soccer is better than basketball.

Is soccer better than basketball?No, soccer isn’t better than basketball.

The lunch was worse than the dinner

Was the lunch worse than the dinner?

No, the lunch wasn’t worse than the

dinner.

French is less difficult than Spanish.

Is French less difficult than Spanish?French isn’t less difficult than Spanish.

The church is farther than the museum.

Is the church farther than the museum?

No, the church isn’t farther than the

museum.

Write examples using BETTER and WORSE in the 3 forms



45

COMPARATIVE CONVERSATION

1. Whom do you prefer Madonna or Britney? ____________ Why? Because...

2. Whom do you prefer Pitbull or Daddy Yankee? _________ Why? Because…

3. What do you prefer Kentucky fried chicken or Mc Donalds? __Why? Because...

4. What do you prefer to go to the movies or to rent a movie? __ Why? Because...

5. What… to play video games or to play with your friends? ___ Why? Because...

6. What… to go to the gym or to practice sports? __________ Why? Because...

7. .... a cake or a jelly? ____________ Why? Because...

8. ...English or mathematics? ____________ Why? Because...

9. ....to watch T.V. or to listen to music? ____________ Why? Because...

10. ... to speak English or to write English? ____________ Why? Because...

11. …cartoon network or Disney channel? ____________ Why? Because...



46

12. ….. MTV OR TELEHIT? ____________ Why? Because...

13. …. To study in the day or at night? ____________ Why? Because...

14. …… a chocolate or a candy? ____________ Why? Because...

15. …..the life in big cities or in small towns? ____________ Why? Because...

16. ….. to cook or to clean the house? ____________ Why? Because...

17. …… Lift weighting or aerobics class? ____________ Why? Because...

18. …a laptop or a PC? ____________ Why? Because...

19. ….. to have a dog or to have a cat? ____________ Why? Because...

20. ……rock or pop music? ____________ Why? Because...

21. …..to wear casual or to wear formal? ____________ Why? Because...

22. ….hot weather or cold weather? ____________ Why? Because...



47

SUPERLATIVE SENTENCES: As a general division, in English language there are3 kinds of adjectives: SHORT, LONG AND IRREGULAR ADJECTIVES

SHORT ADJECTIVES:

Hot, young, easy, busy, cheap, clean, cool, dirty, easy, funny, heavy, large, nice,old pretty, safe, short, small, tall ugly, warm, poor, sweet, warm, weak, wild, quick

You add EST to the end of the adjective to form superlative sentences

Big = the biggest, New = the newest, Fast = the fastest, Cold = the coldest etc.

EXAMPLES: This T-shirt is the cheapest of the store

Is this T-shirt the cheapest of the store? No, this T-shirt isn’t the cheapest of the store

Write examples using the threeforms

LONG ADJECTIVES

Attractive, beautiful, dangerous, expensive, famous, important, relaxing, stressful

Use THE MOST to form superlative sentences

Interesting = the most interesting, Difficult = the most difficult, Delicious = the most delicious.

EXAMPLES: German is the most difficult language

Is German the most difficult language? No, German isn’t the most difficult language

Write examples using the three

forms

IRREGULAR ADJECTIVESGOOD – THE BEST, BAD – THE WORST, LITTLE – THE LEAST, FAR THE FARTHEST

Mexico is the best countryIs Mexico the best country?No, Mexico isn’t the best country

Regetón is the worst musicIs Regetón the worst music?No, Regetón isn’t the worst music



48

Jonathan is the least smart studentIs Jonathan the least smart student?

No, Jonathan isn’t the least smart student

The cathedral is the farthest buildingIs the cathedral the farthest building?No, the cathedral isn’t the farthest buildin

Write examples with THE BEST and THE WORST in the 3 forms

CONVERSATION USING SUPERLATIVES

1. Who’s the best man/ woman singer? ______ Why? Because...

2. Who’s the best actor / actress? ________ Why? Because...

3. What’s the best restaurant? _______

Why? Because...

4. What’s the best dish? ________Why? Because...

5. What’s the best movie? ________Why? Because...

6. What’s the best dessert? _______Why? Because...

7. What’s the best TV channel? ________ Why? Because...

8. What’s the best TV program? ________ Why? Because...

9. What’s the best brand ofclothes?______ Why? Because...

10. What’s the best supermarket? _____ Why? Because...

11. What’s the best mall? _______Why? Because...

12. What’s the best university? _______ Why? Because...

13. What’s the best sport? ________

Why? Because...14. What’s the best season of theyear? ________ Why? Because...

15. What’s the best drink? ______Why? Because...



49

ENGLISH EXAM: Change the sentences from affirmative to interrogative and negative formsEXAMPLE: She is happy. Is she happy? She isn’t happy

1. Mary works in an office

2. Their mother cooks delicious pies

3. He has an enterprise

4. His brother played all day

5. The child will be learning German the nextsemester

6. Her sister was cleaning the house

7. I study French

8. He does the homework

9. She goes to the supermarket

10. It moves fast

11. My friends like to read

12. Susan and I are going to drink coffee

13. Peter cleans his bedroom

14. The professor starts the class on time

15. The computer needs repair

16. She did the report

17. The book had many exercises

18. Tom and John ran the marathon

19. Tim slept many hours

20. The car moves faster than themotorcycle

21. Some students learn slower thanother ones

22. The supermarket had cheaper pricesthan the market

23. This school had the most intelligentstudents

24. Jack has eaten a lot this year

25. We have taken many days off

26. Only 5 people have passed the exam



50

REGULAR VERBS: Add ED to the verbs work – worked, worry - worried

Admit Climb Expect Offer Resist

Advise Close Finish Open Rest

Agree Collect Fix Organize Risk

Analyze Complain Follow Pack Save

Answer Complete Fry Paint Scare

Appear Confirm Happen Pant Sign

Appreciate Consent Hate Participate Smile Argue Consider Help Persuade Smoke

Arrange Continue Hire Plan Sound

Arrest Cook Hurry Plug Spell

Arrive Copy Imagine Postpone Start

Ask Count Improve Practice Stay

Attack Cry Instruct Pray Study

Attempt Dance Intend Prefer Suggest

Attend Decide Invite Prepare Talk

Attract Delay Jump Print Taste Avoid Delete Kiss Proceed Thank

Bake Depend Laugh Promise Travel

Beg Deserve Like Propose Trust

Believe Detest Listen Pull Try

Borrow Die Live Push Type

Call Discover Lock Rain Visit

Cancel Discuss Look Realize Wait

Cash Dislike Love Refuse Walk

Cause Dress Mend Remember WantChange Drop Mix Rent Warn

Charge Earn Motivate Repair Wash

Check End Observe Repeat Waste

Clean Enjoy Offend Require Wish

Pronunciation of regular verbsGROUP 1, SOUND D: Verbs ending in voice sound in the infinitive are

followed by d in the past Advised, agreed, believed, burned, called, realized, rained, changed

GROUP 2 SOUND T: Verbs ending in voiceless sound in the infinitive arefollowed by t in the past

Asked, baked, danced, dressed, dropped, packed, pressed, locked, fixed

GROUP 3 SOUND ID: Verbs ending in t and d sounds in the infinitive are thenfollowed by id in the past.

Attended, arrested, decided, counted, repeated, reported, provided, rested



51

IRREGULAR VERBS

INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE

Arise Arose Arisen

Be Was, were Been

Beat Beat Beaten

Bend Bent Bent

Begin Began Begun

Bet Bet Bet

Bite Bit BittenBleed Bled Bled

Blend Blent Blent

Bless Blest Blest

Blow Blew Blown

Break Broke Broken

Breed Bred Bred

Bring Brought Brought

Build Built Built

Burn Burned, Burnt Burned, BurntBuy Bought Bought

Catch Caught Caught

Choose Chose Chosen

Come Came Come

Cost Cost Cost

Creep Crept Crept

Cut Cut Cut

Deal Dealt Dealt

Dig Dug Dug

Do Did Done

Draw Drew Drawn

Dream Dreamt Dreamt

Drink Drank Drunk

Drive Drove Driven

Eat Ate Eaten

Fall Fell Fallen

Feed Fed Fed

Feel Felt Felt

Fight Fought FoughtFind Found Found

Flee Fled Fled

Fling Flung Flung

Fly Flew Flown

Forget Forgot Forgotten

Forgive Forgave Forgiven

Forsake Forsook Forsaken



52

INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLEFreeze Froze Frozen

Get Got Gotten

Give Gave Given

Go Went Gone

Grind Ground Ground

Grow Grew Grown

Hang Hung Hung

Have Had Had

Hear Heard Heard

Hide Hid Hidden

Hit Hit Hit

Hold Held Held

Hurt Hurt Hurt

Keep Kept Kept

Lay Laid Laid

Learn Learnt / Learned Learnt / Learned

Know Knew KnownLead Led Led

Leave Left Left

Let Let Let

Lie Lay Lain

Light Lit Lit

Lose Lost Lost

Make Made Made

Meet Met Met

Mean Meant MeantPay Paid Paid

Put Put Put

Quit Quit Quit

Read Read Read

Ride Rode Ridden

Rise Rose Risen

Ring Rang Rung

Run Ran Run

Say Said SaidSee Saw Seen

Seek Sought Sought

Sell Sold Sold

Send Sent Sent

Shake Shook Shaken

Shed Shed Shed

Show Showed Shown



53

INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLEShrink Shrank Shrunk

Shine Shone Shone

Shoot Shot Shot

Shut Shut Shut

Sing Sang Sung

Sink Sank Sunk

Sit Sat Sat

Sleep Slept Slept

Smell Smelt / Smelled Smelt / Smelled

Speak Spoke Spoken

Spend Spent Spent

Spill Spilt Spilt

Spin Spun Spun

Spread Spread Spread

Spoil Spoilt Spoilt

Stand Stood Stood

Steal Stole StolenStick Stuck Stuck

Sting Stung Stung

Stink Stank Stunk

Strike Struck Struck

Sweep Swept Swept

Swear Swore Sworn

Sweat Sweat Sweat

Swim Swam Swum

Swing Swung SwungTake Took Taken

Teach Taught Taught

Tear Tore Torn

Tell Told Told

Think Thought Thought

Throw Threw Thrown

Understand Understood Understood

Wake Woke Woken

Wear Wore WornWeave Wove Woven

Weep Wept Wept

Wed Wedded Wed

Win Won Won

Wrap Wrapt Wrapt

Write Wrote Written



54

Table of English Tenses

Tense Affirmative/Negative/Question Use Signal Words

SimplePresent

A: He speaks.N: He does not speak.

Q: Does he speak?

Action in the present taking

place once, never or several

times Facts

Actions taking place one after

another

Action set by a timetable or

schedule

always, every …,never, normally, often,seldom, sometimes,

usuallyif sentences type I (IfI talk , …)

PresentProgressive

A: He is speaking.N: He is not speaking.Q: Is he speaking?

Action taking place in the

moment of speaking

Action taking place only for a

limited period of time Action arranged for the future

at the moment, just, just now, Listen!,Look!, now, right now

Simple Past A: He spoke.N: He did not speak.Q: Did he speak?

Action in the past taking

place once, never or several

times

Actions taking place one after

another

Action taking place in the middle

of another action

yesterday, 2 minutesago, in 1990, the otherday, last Fridayif sentence type II (IfI talked , …)

PastProgressive

A: He was speaking.N: He was not speaking.Q: Was he speaking?

Action going on at a certain time

in the past

Actions taking place at the same

time

Action in the past that is

interrupted by another action

when, while, as longas

Idiomaticpast

A: He was going to speak. N: He was not going to speak. Q: Was he going to speak?

Action interrupted, suspended or

not done.

When, at thatmoment, then. Etc.

PresentPerfectSimple

A: He has spoken.N: He has not spoken.Q: Has he spoken?

Putting emphasis on the result Action that is still going on

Action that stopped recently

Finished action that has an

influence on the present

Action that has taken place once,

never or several times before the

moment of speaking

already, ever, just,never, not yet, so far,till now, up to now

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/present-progressive







55

PresentPerfectProgressive

A: He has been speaking.N: He has not been speaking.Q: Has he been speaking?

Putting emphasis on the course

or duration(not the result)

Action that recently stopped or is

still going on

Finished action that influenced

the present

all day, for 4 years,since 1993, howlong?, the whole week

PastPerfect

Simple

A: He had spoken.N: He had not spoken.

Q: Had he spoken?

Action taking place before a

certain time in the pastSometimes interchangeable with

past perfect progressive

Putting emphasis only on

the fact (not the duration)

already, just, never,not yet, once, until

that dayif sentence type III (IfI had talked , …)

PastPerfectProgressive

A: He had been speaking.N: He had not been speaking.Q: Had he been speaking?


certain time in the past

Sometimes interchangeable with

past perfect simple

Putting emphasis onthe duration or course of an

action

for, since, the wholeday, all day

Future ISimple

A: He will speak.N: He will not speak.Q: Will he speak?

Action in the future that cannot be

influenced

Spontaneous decision

Assumption with regard to the

future

in a year, next …,tomorrowIf-Satz Typ I (If youask her, she wil lhelp you.)assumption: I think,probably, perhaps

Idiomatic

Future

(going to)

A: He is going to speak.

N: He is not going to speak.Q: Is he going to speak?

Decision made for the future

conclusion with regard to the

future

in one year, next

week, tomorrow

Future IProgressive

A: He will be speaking.N: He will not be speaking.Q: Will he be speaking?

Action that is going on at a

certain time in the future

Action that is sure to happen in

the near future

in one year, nextweek, tomorrow

Future IISimple

A: He will have spoken.N: He will not have spoken.

Q: Will he have spoken?

Action that will be finished at a


by Monday, in a week

Future IIProgressive

A: He will have beenspeaking.N: He will not have beenspeaking.Q: Will he have beenspeaking?



Putting emphasis on

the course of an action

for …, the last coupleof hours, all day long



REFERENCES

Murphy Raymond “Basic grammar in use” Cambridge University Press.2002

Scott Foresman “English for a changing world” 1979

Collazo L. Javier “English – Spanish dictionary of technical terms”

Mc Graw –Hill 2000

Larousse English – Spanish dictionary 2002

ENERO

April 2015

TEACHER CHRISTIAN TELLEZ

TEL: 379 75 40 MOB: 22 21 47 05 12

E mail: [email protected]

www.actiweb.es/playenglishmethod

To my lovely mother for being in good and bad times!Christian Vázque Téllez

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

basic grammar 15 (1)

Documents