basic electronics

Concept of Electronics

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ASEEM ANAND

1

Basic components

Resistor

Capacitor

Diode

Transistor

7/22/2015http://aseemanand.wix.com/aseemanand

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Resistors

Resistors are used to limit current or divide voltage and in some cases,

generate heat.

Used for driving circuit which requires low current and voltage than

available.

A two terminal non-polarized component.


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Unit of Resistors

Unit of resistance is ohm.

Notation for resistance

O- for ohm

K- for kilo ohm

M- for mega ohm


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Color Code Table


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Practical Use

Series connection

Parallel connection


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Capacitors

A two terminal electronic component which stores energy in form of

charge.

capacitance is a measure of a capacitor's ability to store charge.

A large capacitance means that more charge can be stored.


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Type of Capacitors

Polarized

which have specified positive and negative terminals.

Non-polarized

no defined polarity for terminals.


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Practical Uses

Used for making timer circuits, when used with resistance.

Used in clipper, clamper circuit.

Used for providing instantaneous large power as in flashlight of cameras.

Used in DC filter circuits.


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Diodes

A two-terminal electronic component that conducts electric current in

only one direction.


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Uses Of Diodes

Diodes are used for rectification.

Diodes are used in electrical meters for there protection.

Diodes are used in wave shaping circuits.

Diodes (LED) are used in display.


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Types Of Diodes

PN junction diode

Zener Diode

Light Emitting Diodes (LED)

Photo Diodes


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PN Junction Diode

This diode is made by p-type & n-type material.

This PN junction diode works in forward bias i.e. anode is connected to

positive terminal & cathode is connected to negative terminal.


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Zener Diode

Zener Diode works in reverse bias.

Symbol of zener diode:


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How can we recognize zener diode?

There is black band which is negative terminal & other one is positive

terminal.


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LED(Light Emitting Diode)

LED ( light Emitting Diode).


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Photodiode

A photodiode is a semiconductor device that converts light into current.

The current is generated when photons are absorbed in the photodiode.


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Working of Photodiode

Often known as Photo detector.

Photo Diode operates in reverse bias.

Light falls on the PN junction of the photo diode which creates electron-hole pair in the depletion layer which causes flow of current.

Current depends upon the light intensity

When light incident on the photodiode then current flows in the circuit.


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Practical Uses

Used for making Logic gates

Used for making rectifiers

Used as a switch

LED as indicators

Photodiodes as light detector


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Transistors

A transistor is a semiconductor device which is used to amplify and switch

electronic signals and electrical power.

Transistors has three terminal: Emitter , Base , Collector.

Transistors are of two type: NPN and PNP.


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Types of transistor

Junction transistor

Field effect transistor


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Junction Transistor

Transistor are of two types:

1-> n-p-n

A straight switch

2-> p-n-p

A inverted switch


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N-p-N as a Switch

When base of n-p-n is connected with logic high voltage then it short

circuit emitter and collector (SWITCH ON).

When base of n-p-n is connected with logic low voltage then it open

circuit both emitter and collector (SWITCH OFF).


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P-n-P as an Inverted Switch

When base of p-n-p is connected with logic high voltage then it open

circuit emitter and collector (SWITCH OFF).

When base of p-n-p is connected with logic low voltage then it short

circuit both emitter and collector (SWITCH ON).


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Practical uses

As a switch

As an amplifier

For realizing logic gates


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IC’S

L293D

555

LM358

IC 7805(voltage controlled)


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L293D IC


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Continued…

L293D is a dual H-Bridge motor driver.

So with one IC we can interface two DC motors which can be controlled

in both clockwise and counter clockwise direction

If you have motor with fix direction of motion then you can make use of all

the four I/Os to connect up to four DC motors.

L293D has output current of 600mA.

Moreover for protection of circuit from back EMF output diodes are

included within the IC.


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Interface motor with IC L293D


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555 IC


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Conti….

The 555 Timer IC is an integrated circuit (chip) used in a timer application,

pulse generation and oscillator applications.

It works only on falling edge of the incoming signal


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Operating modes:

It has three operating modes:

1) monostable

2) Bistable

3) Astable


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LM358

The LM358 IC consists of two independent operational amplifiers which

were designed specifically to operate from a single power supply over a

wide range of voltages.

It have two op-amp

Single power supply


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Features

It have two op-amp

Single power supply

Supply range 3v-32v

Eliminate need of dual supply


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IC 7805

It is a voltage regulator integrated circuit.

It designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage level

It works on a negative feedback


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Features

Output current range up to 1A

Output voltage 5V

Input voltage range up to 12V

Short circuit protection


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Thank You

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basic electronics

Engineering

zener diode zener diode

diodes diodes

diode led light

symbol of zener diode

diodes led photo diodes

electric current

current flows

flow of current